The detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus using modified culture media

Studies have been completed for the detection of Vibrio(V.) parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus in Baltic Sea fish. The author had prepared for that purpose a liquid culturing medium and a solid substrate. The percentage of positive findings is remarkable. The results so far recorded should be a good reason for further studies.     

副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌双重荧光定量PCR快速检测方法的建立与应用

建立一种基于TaqMan探针法同步定量检测副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌的双重荧光定量PCR方法。根据副溶血弧菌toxR基因和霍乱弧菌ompW基因设计特异性引物与TaqMan探针。toxR和ompW探针5'端分别标记FAM、CY5荧光报告基团,3'端均标记BHQ1荧光淬灭基团。结果显示:该方法的副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌最低检测限均达到10 CFU/m L,灵敏度高;特异性试验表明这两种细菌与其他病原菌(大肠杆菌O157、沙门氏菌、拟态弧菌、创伤弧菌)无交叉反应;批间和批内重复性实验表明变异系数均小于1.5%,说明重复性好。采用人工染菌虾肉样品,副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌的最低检测限分别为100 CFU/m L和50 CFU/m L,人工染菌贝类样品的最低检测限分别为50 CFU/m L和50 CFU/m L。两种细菌在虾肉中富集2 h后的最低检出限均为1 CFU/m L。结论:本研究所建立的双重荧光PCR检测方法具有灵敏度高、特异性强和重复性好的特点,包括DNA提取的整个检测过程可在1至3 h内完成,是同时快速检测副溶血弧菌和霍乱弧菌的有效手段。     

牛奶中土霉素对青海弧菌和费氏弧菌的毒性作用测定

本文通过应用费氏弧菌和青海弧菌,探究了牛奶中土霉素对这两种发光细菌的毒性抑制作用规律。牛奶中,一定浓度下,土霉素对青海弧菌生物发光的抑制率随作用时间呈对数趋势增加,在0.45mg/L作用下,该关系方程为y=0.3007ln（x）-0.1940,R2=0.9934;作用5min时,土霉素抑制率随着浓度变化的规律呈直线关系,之后呈对数关系,E50值在5min时为0.75mg/L,30min时降低至0.12mg/L;土霉素对费氏弧菌生物发光的抑制率随作用时间呈对数趋势增加,在0.55mg/L作用下,y=0.2742ln（x）-0.0942,R2=0.9961;其抑制率随着浓度变化的规律在5min呈指数关系,之后呈对数关系,在作用10min时,y=0.5524ln（x）＋0.9045,R2=0.9949,E50值在5min时为0.75mg/L,40min时降低至0.09mg/L。     

副溶血弧菌和溶藻弧菌双重PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

为建立同时快速检测海产品中的副溶血弧菌(VP)和溶藻弧菌(VA)的双重PCR方法,本研究根据VP和VA的toxR基因序列设计针对这两种细菌的两对特异性引物,建立能够快速同时检测这两种细菌的双重PCR方法,并对该反应体系的特异性和灵敏度进行检测。结果显示纯培养细菌VP和VA的检测灵敏度分别为2.32×103cfu/mL和2.56×103cfu/mL,临床病料检测灵敏度分别为2 cfu和3 cfu;与枸橼酸杆菌、沙门氏菌、美人鱼弧菌、霍乱弧菌、麦氏弧菌无交叉反应。研究表明本实验方法操作简便快速、特异性强、灵敏度高、稳定性好,并且经济实惠,值得推广应用。     

Pathogenicity of Vibrio Coli for Swine II. Experimental Infection of Conventional Pigs with Vibrio Coli

The pathogenicity of V. coli for conventional swine was studied by inoculating pigs with cultures of V. coli and V. coli infected gut of gnotobiotic pigs. Thus, six conventional pigs were inoculated with strains of V. coli freshly isolated from infected gnotobiotic pigs. The cultures were grown in simulated sows milk, and added to the feed. Two other groups, of three pigs each, were infected by administration of minced intestine from two gnotobiotic pigs, heavily infected with the organism. Vibrio was isolated from all pigs, including five of the six controls, but larger numbers were isolated from the inoculated groups, especially from those fed macerated gut. Clinical signs of disease were not observed.     

Pathogenicity of Vibrio Coli for Swine I. Experimental Infection of gnotobiotic Pigs with Vibrio Coli

Fifteen gnotobiotic pigs varying in age from three to eight weeks were exposed to 23 strains of V. coli isolated from swine with clinical and/or pathological signs of swine dysentery and also from clinically healthy pigs. Clinical or pathological signs of swine dysentery were not produced, although the organism was readly established in the sedimentary tract. Culture of feces, alimentary tract and environment revealed V. coli in large numbers, but no bacterial growth was obtained from other organs. The histopathology and serology are discussed.     

副溶血性弧菌分离鉴定

利用TCBS琼脂培养基和科玛嘉弧菌显色培养基对细菌进行分离,采用糖分解试验、氧化酶试验、IMVi试验等生化试验鉴定海产品中副溶血性弧菌,为防治疾病提供依据。     

Isolation of Vibrio vulnificus and atypical Vibrio from surface water of the Baltic Sea in Germany

From 1995 to 1997 several defined species like V. alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. cholerae (non O1 and non O139), V. mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were isolated during a survey to determine the presence of V. vulnificus in the brackish water of the Baltic Sea in Germany. Moreover atypical Vibrio isolates were detected. Four isolates belonging to a group of atypical Vibrio and possibly representing a new species in the genus Vibrio were characterized in detail. All four strains were isolated from surface costal waters. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis they showed the highest relatedness to the species V. navarrensis and V. vulnificus. The strains did not harbor the species specific hemolysin gene vvhA from V. vulnificus as shown by PCR and hybridization experiments. Moreover, they differed in at least two biochemical parameters tested from the hitherto described Vibrio species. All these strains induced hemolysis on washed blood agar dishes and showed phase variations on Luria Bertani agar dishes. Because of the similarity to the eel pathogen V. vulnificus, we infected eels with one of the four atypical strains (CH-291), but no pathogenicity for eels could be detected. Furthermore, Vero cell tests with supernatants of bacterial cultures did not reveal secreted Vero cell cytotoxic compounds. This indicates a nonpathogenic nature of these strains.     

Vibriosis: Demonstration of Vibrio fetus and Vibrio bubulus Organisms in Preputial Fluid by Immunofluorescence and Cultural Techniques

Fluorescent conjugates were prepared from the sera of calves immunized with four Vibrio fetus strains and one Vibrio bubulus strain. The fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) was then used to detect vibrio organisms in preputial fluid collected from 67 bulls belonging to a Canadian artificial insemination (AI) unit. The V. fetus conjugates reacted with both V. fetus var venerealis and V. fetus var intestinalis. V. fetus was found in 20 animals (29.9%), 13 of which also harboured V. bubulus. In two cases, the FAT failed to detect V. fetus which was isolated by concurrent bacteriological examinations.

It was concluded that the FAT can be a rapid method of detecting some carrier bulls but more reliable results are obtained when a combination of FAT and bacteriological methods is employed. It was found that a single sample giving negative results is inconclusive and additional tests are required before making a final diagnosis. The FAT can also be used to differentiate V. fetus isolates from V. bubulus.