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覆盖对土壤温度及甘蓝型油菜丰油10号抗寒性和产量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解低温冻害对我国黄淮油菜产区油菜产量的影响,以甘蓝型油菜丰油10号为材料,于2009-2012年间进行3年覆盖处理田间试验,测定不同覆盖物及覆盖时期对各小区不同土层的温度、冻害程度、经济性状、产量和品质影响。结果表明,覆盖处理可有效调节土壤温度,降低冻害指数,显著提高油菜越冬存活率。覆盖稻草的两个处理冻害指数均显著低于对照,覆盖处理有显著的增产效果,增产幅度在1.55%~58.28%,且以冬前对油菜进行覆盖处理的增产效果较好。这主要是得益于单株有效结角数和千粒重的显著提高,各覆盖处理单株有效结角数比对照增加4.48%~20.39%,千粒重比对照增加29.97%~41.11%。因此认为,黄淮油菜产区稻草覆盖和培土壅根均能保温、防寒,有利于油菜增产,相关措施宜在冬前进行。 相似文献
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灌浆期低温对离体玉米子粒灌浆过程及内源激素的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以郑单958为材料,采用子粒离体培养方法,研究灌浆期低温对玉米强、弱势粒灌浆特性及内源激素的影响。研究表明,灌浆期低温分别减缓强、弱势粒平均灌浆速率15%、23%,延长灌浆时间约8 d,最终粒重分别降低3%、9%。低温处理下,GA_3、IAA、ZR含量与灌浆速率显著相关;受低温影响,强、弱势粒的激素含量变化趋势相近,与常温相比,子粒GA_3含量先增加后减少,IAA、ZR含量低于对照,且对弱势粒的影响大于强势粒。低温对内源激素含量的影响是导致灌浆速率降低的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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在我国引起小麦叶枯病的主要病原真菌种类有Bipolaris sorokiniana,Monographella nivalis,Alternaria triticina,Septoria tritici和Stagonospora nodorum等,均能造成冬小麦和春小麦严重减产。本文全面评述了自20世纪70年代以来我国关于小麦叶枯病的研究状况,重点介绍了病害分布、经济重要性、病原学、病害循环,流行因素,寄主抗病性剂防治等方面的重要进展。并进而讨论了存在问题和改进途径,以利于今后调整研究内容,规范研究方法,开展长远的基础性研究和组织重大技术攻关。 相似文献
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湿害威胁中国的油菜生产。本文阐述了前人关于湿害对植物生长的危害机理,概括了湿害对油菜生长的影响、油菜耐湿性的遗传多样性、油菜耐湿性形成的生理生化和遗传机理的研究进展,指出今后应重点建立油菜耐湿分子育种技术,深入研究耐湿基因网络,发现和克隆耐湿相关基因,为提高油菜的耐湿性奠定基础。 相似文献
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Canopy temperature on clear and cloudy days can be used to estimate varietal differences in stomatal conductance in rice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Leaf photosynthetic potential, a major determinant of yield potential in rice, is mostly explained by stomatal conductance (gs) as well as leaf N content (Rubisco protein content). Therefore, the rapid and precise evaluation of gs as well as leaf N content would be a valuable addition to rice breeding programs aimed at improved yield potential. We established a simple method based on infrared thermography to estimate varietal differences in gs. Seven rice varieties were cultivated in two-row plots in 2007, and canopy temperatures in three varieties, including a control variety, Koshihikari, were simultaneously measured to determine canopy temperature difference (CTd) between Koshihikari and the other varieties on clear days. The varieties Takanari, Habataki, and TUAT1-5-6a displayed significantly (P < 0.05) lower leaf temperature and higher gs and leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) than Koshihikari. CTd was closely correlated with gs and Pn. These results indicate that CTd may be useful as a relative index to estimate varietal differences in gs. A significant CTd was still observed even under cloudy conditions in 2008. Takanari and TUAT1-5-6a had lower leaf temperature than Koshihikari on cloudy days as well as on clear days. Subsequent investigation of photosynthetic light response curves revealed that Takanari and TUAT1-5-6a had higher gs and Pn than Koshihikari under lower irradiance. These results suggest that infrared thermography may be a simple method of evaluating varietal differences in gs through CTd, and that it may be practicable even under cloudy conditions. 相似文献