Galerkin Approximate Solutions of Displacement Including the Effect of Dead Loads for Two Kinds of Rectangular Plates

Based on the strain energy considering the effect of dead loads, the general form static equilibrium differential equations were formulated by means of the potential energy principle. The approximate solutions of live load or later load displacement including the effect of dead loads for the clamped rectangular plate and the simply supported rectangular plate were generated by the Galerkin method. These formulas are simple and clear, and their physical concepts are explicit. The correctness of these formulas was verified by the finite element method. The dead loads and other factors that influence the effect of dead loads are shown by these formulas. The effect of dead loads on the two different boundary condition rectangular plate were analyzed by these approximate solutions. The effect of dead loads improves the bending stiffness of plate and minimizes the displacement of live loads or later loads. The key physical factors governing the effects of dead loads on plates are the dead load, the ration of span to thickness and boundary condition etc. This effect of dead loads is not negligible, especial in thinner plates or plates with smaller stiffness, more attention should be paid to the effect of dead load in the calculation and analysis for plates.     

CYLINDRICAL BENDING PROBLEM OF RECTANGULAR PLATES STIFFENED ON ONE SIDE ALONG ONE DIRECTION WITH ELASTIC SUPPORTS AND TENSILE FORCES

On the basis of the calculated results of accurate analytic solution of stiffened rectangular plates,the general equations of cylindrical bending of the plates with tensile forces are established for engineering practice.Its solution combining with engineering problem is given for the special defor-mation conditions of elastic supports.In the paper,the numerical example is given and compared with references,it shows that the results are available.     

The Dynamic Behaviour of a New R.C.Hollow Plate

The dynamic behaviour of a new reinforced concerte hollow plate using the medium strength(800 MPa yield strength)ribbed bar as prestressed wire has been studied experimentaly under various concentrated impact loads.The test results on the inherent characteristics,frequency,damping,dynamic rigidity etc.are presented.Meanwhile the important points in respect to the strength,deformation,cracking under impact loads and earthquake response of plate have discussed.     

Experimental Analysis of the Behavior of Steel Plate-masonry Composite Wall-beams

When steel plate-masonry composite structure used in the existing masonry structure with load bearing walls is removed for a large space, composite action should be considered between the beam and the supported masonry wall due to the arch effect formed in the supported wall. In order to investigate the working mechanism, failure mode, and load-carrying capacity, strain distribution in critical sections and mid-span defcection of this type of composite wall-beam, five steel plate-masonry wall-beams were tested under concentrated loads and analyzed, which considered variables of height-span-ratio of supported masonry wall, height-span-ratio of composite beam and thickness of steel plate. The results show that steel plate-masonry composite wall-beam starts failure from the masonry located at the line between loading point and supporting point; strain distribution of steel plate along section height meets the plane section assumption; the height-span-ratio of supported wall can directly influence the failure mode of masonry wall, buckling load corresponding to steel plate experiencing local buckling and ultimate load of tested specimens; the reasonable height of supported masonry wall is beneficial to the formation of composite action between supported masonry wall and composite beam, and the excessive high masonry wall will reduce the ultimate load of the tested specimen. Finally, the reasonable range for height-span-ratio of supported masonry wall was presented, and the proposed value representing the flexural stiffness of the steel plate-composite beam relative to the in-plane stiffness of the supported masonry wall was at least more than 79.     

Finite Element Modeling of Stainless Steel Plates in Compression and Structural Behavior

The behavior of plate in compression plays a basic role in relevant research. There are significant differences between stainless steel and carbon steel plates in structural behavior. Analysis on the behavior of stainless steel plate in compression was presented. The development of FE models for analyzing stainless steel plates in compression was described based on the results of Rasmussen's test. And the strength curve was achieved by such advanced FE models with a high degree of accuracy. The explicit strength equations and design method were proposed for determining the local buckling strength of stainless plate and cold formed rectangular hollow section in compression. It is shown that the numerical simulation results achieved by using Quach model are accurate.     

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE MOMENT MODULATION INFLUENCE ON CRACKING AND DEFLECTION OF CONTINUOUS REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS UNDER SERVICE LOADS

Through the static tests of five two-span continuous beams with a relatively small steel ratio, the regularity of redistribution of internal forces of continuous beams with moment modulation is studied, and the moment modulation influence on cracking and deflection of continuous reinforced concrete beams under service loads is analyzed in detail. The conclusions obtained may be used as reference materials for drafting of design code considering redistribution of internal forces.     

Analysis of a multimode transmission line model of the shielding effectiveness of enclosures with apertures

The equivalent transmission line method is extended to multi-transverse electric modes of cavity which are introduced by aperture coupling, and it is used to analyze the shielding effectiveness of rectangular enclosures with apertures. The multimode transmission line method is verified by HFSS(High Frequency Structure Simulator). The results show that higher-order mode is essential to obtain an accurate shielding effectiveness of rectangular enclosure on wide frequency domain. Below the frequency of 1 GHz, nearer to the slot, the impact of higher-order mode on the shielding effectiveness is greater in the place mear the slot. Higher-order mode leads to a better shielding effectiveness.     

An Analysis of the Bearing Loads of the Domestic 200MW Turbine Generator Set

The distribution of tre bearing loads of the domestic 200MW turbine generator set, which depends on their relative positions,have been studied under different supporting conditions. An iterative method has been developed to calculate all of the bearing loads, which takes the structural static indetermination and nonlinearities of the oil film forces into consideration. Variations of the bearing relative positions and their influence on the stability of the rotor-bearing system, have also been discussed.     

NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED ANGLE-PLY PLATE USING A HIGHER-ORDER SHEAR DEFORMATION THEORY

A higher-order shear deformation theory is used to analyse nonlinear bending of symmetrically laminated angle-ply rectangular plates. The nonlinear governing differential equations are solved here by using perturbation method. Numerical rerults are presented graphically for vairous parameters of laminated plate. The present solutions are compared with those obtained using the classical plate theory. A lot of significient conclusions are obtained.     

Experimental Analysis on Axial Compressive Behavior of R- CFTStub Columns with Prestressed Binding Bars

In order to investigate the effect of prestressed binding bars on axial compressive behavior of rectangular concrete-filled tubular (CFT) short columns, five rectangular CFT short columns, three with prestressed binding bars, one with ordinary binding bars, the other with no binding bars, were constructed and tested under axial compressive loads. The binding bars were made up with high-strength bolts. As used for ordinary binding bars, the high-strength bolts were welded to the steel tube before the column was loaded to axial compressive force. As used for prestressed binding bars, the high-strength bolts were first tensed by screwed screw cap down to bring force to prestress the steel tube and its core concrete, then welded to the steel tube before the column was loaded to axial compressive force. Test results indicate that the bearing capacity and ductility of rectangular CFT short columns are increased by setting binding bars. Compared to ordinary binding bars, the prestressed binding bars can decrease the longitudinal displacements corresponding to ultimate strength, but have little effect on the ultimate strength and displacement capacity after ultimate strength of the columns. The longitudinal displacements corresponding to ultimate strength of the columns decrease with the decreasing of space between binding bars. With the same section width and amount of binding bars, the bearing capacity of the columns improves with the increase of section long-broad-ratio, while displacement capacity after ultimate strength decreases with the increase of section long-broad-ratio.     

Elastoplastic Analysis of Discrete Jointin Rockmass Loaded by Compress_shear

In this paper the elastoplastic stress fields near joint line in rockmass loaded by compress- shear are analyesd by the line field method in fracture mechanics with Mokr- Coulomb criterion. Through the matching conditions of the elastoplastic fields on their boundary, the relations between the length of plastic zone on the joint line and the compress- shear loads are found, and the fracture criterion of the discrete joint is also obtained     

Flexure-torsion Analysis of Variable-curvature-box Girder Considering Non-coincidence of Torsion Center and Gravity Center

In order to consider the effect of non-coincidence of torsion center and gravity center,the rectangular variable-curvature-box girder with vertical symmetrical axis is studied. Considering the influence of shear deflection and non-coincidence of torsion center and gravity center, the elastic equilibrium formulas are established. Based on deformation equations of the girder and the relations of inner forces and deformations,the flexure-torsion differential equations are developed. The equilibrium differential equations and Galerkin methods formulas for clothoid curved box girder are presented.     

LARGE DEFLECTION OF A CIRCULAR PLATE ON PASTERNAK FOUNDATION UNDER A CONCENTRATED LOAD AT THE CENTER

Based on Karman's nonlinear foundamental differential equations, the new method combines perturbation method with integral equation method is forward to solve nonlinear bending of a clamped circular plate on Pasternak foundation under a concentrated load at the center. This method is simple and easy to use. The numerical results show that the present solution is reliable.     

Building knowledge city in transformation era: Knowledge‐based urban development in Beijing in the context of globalisation and decentralisation

This study examines knowledge‐based urban development in Beijing with the objective of revealing the impact of the ‘synergetic’ forces of globalisation and local government intervention on knowledge‐based urban development in the context of the coexisting processes of globalisation and decentralisation. The findings in this paper show that due to the rapid growth of the cultural industry sector, knowledge‐based urban development has created various kinds of ‘cultural industry clustered areas’, which were recently promoted by the 2008 Olympic Games. ‘Synergetic’ global and local forces are leading knowledge‐based urban development, with the emergence of a local coalition regime in which local government manages local development, considered as ‘enterprises’ in the decentralisation process, while the State retains a significant influence on knowledge‐based urban development. The central and municipal governments tend to emphasise strategies to ‘facilitate the climate for growth’ rather than the centrally planned control they exerted prior to the 1980s.     

Investigation on Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams without Web Reinforcement

On the basis of available testing data of simply supported reinforced concrete beams without web reinforcement under two-point concentrated loads,the dominant factors contributing to shear performance are identified,and the basic laws are correspondingly quantitatively described.The shear design equations of China Design Code of Reinforced Concrete Structures,ACI Code,together with two other expressions of shear of RC beams without web reinforcement,are thus calibrated to identify their accuracy in describing the shear mechanism of such members.     

Experimental Study on Local Nonuniform Compression of Fired Shale Perforated Brick Masonry

In order to know the behavior of local nonuniform compression of fired shale perforated brick masonry with rectangular holes,the experimental study of 18 specimens with and without restriction at the end of beam under local compression was carried out.The failure modes and bearing mechanisms of specimens were researched and analyzed,the integrity coefficient of local compression stress figure was deduced,at last,the theoretical and testing values of local compression bearing capacity were compared and analyzed.The results indicate that the bearing performance at the end of wall section under local compression behaves better than that on the fringe,the vertical cracks throughout the specimen on the fringe caused by local nonuniform pressure weaken the advantageous function of 'unloading by the interior arch',the effective supporting length calculated according to code for design masonry structure is partial to safety.These results and suggestions can be used in the design of bearing perforated brick masonry for reference.     

GBT-based Buckling Loads Formula of Non-linear Thin-walled Compressed Members

A buckling loads formula based on Generalised Beam Theory (GBT) was proposed, which could be used in non-linear elastic metallic materials thin-walled compressed members, such as stainless steel. By introducing non-linear stress-strain relations and instantaneous elastic modulus, the modifications were incorporated in the conventional GBT, and the expressions were formulated to calculate buckling loads of stainless steel members buckling in local, distortional and global modes. Compared with the existed test results, it is shown that linear elastic method cannot deal with stainless steel, while the results of proposed method are much more reliable. Moreover, the modified GBT method with deformation plasticity theories produces safer results, which could be used in determining buckling loads of non-linear metallic materials thin-walled members in compression, as well as structural design and further researches.     

Study on Seismic Behavior of Edge Slab-column Connection

Under the action of lateral forces and vertical loads, the connection of reinforced concrete slab-column structure will not only transfer significant shear forces, but also unbalanced moment. As to the edge slab-column connection, even if there is no later force, it will also transfer unbalanced moment due to the asymmetry. Currently, most tests and studies focus on interior connections, but there are few tests or studies on edge slab-column connections. A relatively new type of shear reinforcement named shear-stud reinforcement was applied in edge column-slab connections and study on the seismic behavior of these connections was conducted. Tests and finite element analysis of three full-scale reinforced concrete edge slab-column connections subjected to gravity and unbalanced moment were completed in this paper, and main conclusions were as following: the bearing capacity, deformation capacity and seismic behavior of connections reinforced with shear-stud reinforcement are improved; deformation of specimens reinforced with shear-stud reinforcement could meet requirements of current codes; the performance of energy dissipating is as good as the common connections, and has reached the medium ductility level.     

Popular music in a transnational world: the construction of local identities in Singapore

As an area of geographical inquiry, popular music has not been explored to any large extent. Where writings exist, they have been somewhat divorced from recent theoretical and methodological questions that have rejuvenated social and cultural geography. In this paper, I focus on one arena which geographers can develop in their analysis of popular music, namely, the exploration of local influences and global forces in the production of music. In so doing, I wish to explore how local resources intersect with global ones in a process of transculturation. Using the example of English songs by one particular songwriter and artiste whose works are part of the popular music industry mainstream, and that of Mandarin songs of the genre xinyao, I will show that, despite increasing globalising forces, music is still an expression of local/national influences. Indeed, I will argue that globalisation intensifies localisation.     

Detecting a fault line under a single phase to ground of distribution network based on analysis of multi frequency bands

Addressing the problem of choosing a fault line under single phase to ground of distribution network, we presented a new criterion based on analysis of the development of fault line selection and a method using wavelet packets. The feature frequency band, or the combined feature frequency bands of each line, in which the transient capacity current was concentrated was chosen for maximum energy. Based on the principle that the transient capacity current's energy of the fault line was larger than the that of normal lines, fault line selection can be carried out adaptively by contrasting the energy of the transient capacity currents of all lines in each chosen frequency band. The simulation results and spot testing data shows the proposed method can detect the fault line in distribution networks precisely and reliably.