Suitability and Construction of Self-Insulation Walls in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone of Southern Shaanxi

In this paper, the suitability and construction technology of self-insulation walls were studied under the specific climatic conditions and regional resources of Hanzhong and Ankang in the hot summer and cold winter zone of Southern Shaanxi. Through the calculation of heat transfer coefficient and thermal inertia index, combined with the specifications of the shale hollow brick and aerated concrete block of Hanzhong and Ankang in southern Shaanxi, the thermal performance and suitable thickness of the external wall using self-insulation materials that meet the Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings(DBJ61-65-2011) in Shaanxi Province were obtained. The results showed that the self-insulation wall had technical suitability in the hot summer and cold winter zone. The research results provide not only a theoretical basis for the external wall insulation design of urban residential buildings in the hot summer and cold winter zone of southern Shaanxi, but also a reference for designers to carry out energy-saving design of external walls of residential buildings in other similar climate zones.     

THE CALCULATION OF INTERNAL FORCES AND DISPLACEMENTS IN FRAME-SHEARING WALL STRUCTURE UNDER THE HORIZONTAL LOADS

In general,the calculating result of a comparatively regular frame-shearing wall system in tall buildings,a 4-order differential equations are established according to the deformation-coordination of beams,columns and four boundary conditions.Then a series of formulas concerning internal forces and displacement is obtained These formulas are hyperbolic functions.This paper presents a method,which changes 4-order differential equations into 2-order and solves them by the expressions of new homogeneous solutionThen the formulas of internal forces and displacements become exponential functions By this method,the calculation is very convenient The result of suggested method agrees well with the general by comparison This paper is also applicable to buildings with some part of different height of storey or stiffness.     

南方建筑非透明围护结构热工与节能设计

如何兼顾冬夏两季建筑供暖空调负荷和能耗,保证室内热环境质量,确定最适宜的热工特性,是长期困扰中国南方建筑围护结构热工与节能设计的难点。通过对夏热冬冷和夏热冬暖地区建筑在采暖、空调与自然通风条件下动态热过程的分析,研究了这一地区围护结构热特性与能耗的制约关系,以及对室内热环境与建筑热稳定性的作用机理。在兼顾冬季保温与夏季隔热的情况下,将建筑全年能耗作为控制目标,从室内热环境质量、节能效果、围护结构的安全性、可靠性、经济性和实用性等角度评价目前所采用的围护结构节能技术存在的问题,提出一种适宜南方气候的建筑围护结构热特性指标及构造形式。     

Computation Method and for Thermal Transmittance of Glass Curtain walls Appllcation

The heat conduction characteristic of glass curtain wall was investigated. Based on one dimensional steady heat conduction theory, the numerical calculation model of glass system thermal transmittance was set up by using insulating glass as an example. Based on two dimensional steady heat conduction theory and finite element method, both the thermal transfer matrix and temperature load array of 3 DOFs triangular element were derived. Then the revised formulas about the heat transfer matrix and temperature load array under the boundary conditions of constant heat flux, heat convective, radiation and coupled of them were also derived. Then the numerical calculation models of glass curtain wall frame and linear thermal transmittance were set up. The program TJCW based on the Visual C++ and ObjectARX was developed for calculating the thermal transmittance of glass curtain wall and was validated by contrast with the results calculated by thermal software LBNL. Finally, TJCW program was used to calculate and check the thermal transmittance of glass curtain wall in a practical project. The results indicate that the thermal transmittance of glass curtain wall can be calculated correctly by adopting the presented model, and the program based on this model can be used in energy conservation calculation and analysis in the actual projects.     

Effective Thermal Conductivity of a New Material of Graphite Foam Based on Fractal Theory

The new material of graphite foam is a good thermal-conductivity material. With fractal theory, the fractal character of this novel porous material is discussed. Then a thermal-conductivity model of graphite foam is proposed. The relationship formula of effective thermal conductivity is presented by using thermal resistance method. The volume fractal dimension and effective thermal conductivity of this material are calculated. This new method for calculation is significant for porous material.     

Calculation of Capacity of Vertically Loaded RC Joint of Local Transf er from Square Column to Straight Wall

On the basis of experimental results on four specimens of vertically loaded RC joints of local transfer from square column to straight wall, interaction between the transfer beam and the straight wall above it is analyzed. In the test, the effect of height of armpit on the transfer beam upon the behavior of the joint is specially studied. As a result, determination of the design shear force and shear capacity of the transfer beam and calculation of capacity of the straight wall are suggested, taking into account the effect of shear span ratio of the beam.     

Heat Conduction due to Moving Heat Sources in Semi infinite Body

Combined image method with heat source function method,heat conduction due to moving heat sources is analysed in semi infinite body and cylinder with heat exchanging on its surface.The distribution of temperature is obtained when the wall temperature is constant and the wall heat flux is zero.The result is useful for engineering calculation.     

等截面钢管混凝土格构柱骨架曲线的统一算法

介绍了斜缀管式和平缀管式等截面钢管混凝土格构柱骨架曲线的计算方法并进行评价分析。研究表明,不同缀管布置形式的钢管混凝土格构柱,其抗震性能具有共性。借鉴钢管混凝土单肢柱的计算框架,开展等截面钢管混凝土格构柱骨架曲线的统一算法研究,对弹性刚度、水平峰值荷载、峰值荷载位移、下降段刚度等主要参数的计算方法进行了深入探讨和算例分析,并以干海子大桥格构柱墩为研究对象,采用OpenSEES有限元程序,对骨架曲线算法进行工程实例验证。研究结果表明,计算值与试验值及有限元计算结果均吻合良好。最后提出了适合工程应用的等截面钢管混凝土格构柱骨架曲线的统一简化算法,为钢管混凝土计算理论的进一步完善和规程编撰提供参考。     

Thermal Radiation Effects on Smoke-flow in Atrium Fires

The field models for smoke flow in atrium, takings into account strong buoyancy, turbulence, radiation exchange and wall heat losses are developed according to the characteristics of the atrium fire. Realistic combustion processes in the burning fuel have not been included. A six-flux radiation model is included in a general mathematical model for fires, which are taking as a volumetric heat source, It is applied to the predictions of fire smoke development in a small-scale atrium. In order to avoid complicated radiation exchange models, radiation heat loss effects are combined to the wall heat loss. A General-purpose compute program PHOENICS has been developed to meet this need. Results of numerical calculations based on the field model are compared with test data for a fire in the small-scale atrium test facility. The resullts indicate that radiation transfer has the minor effects, due to the relatively low temperatures encountered. The method that the effect of radiation is included in the calculation of wall heat transfer losses by using maximum heat transfer coefficient is feasible. The field model used in the present study is not good enough, which a turbulent combustion sub-model must be included.     

A STUDY ON HEAT AND MOISTURE STATE OF HULL LAYER FOR THERMAL INSTULATION OF A COLD STORAGE

This paper analyses the thermal moist characteristics of the hull layer beside an air layer at lower temperature in an envelope for a cold storage and presents a new method of waterproof by air layer. With test data from engineering practice, the theory on the barrier of self moisture proof at the surface sublayer of the hull layer in an attic on a cold storage is proven. The dried zone about three phase point is confirmed. It is a new knowledge for thermophysics on thermal design of a cold storage with an optimum thermal performance.     

小型装配式恒温贮藏库和土窑洞改造库建设及其贮藏的红富士苹果品质分析

应用100 mm厚聚氨酯彩钢夹心保温板组装冷库墙体及库顶,用150 mm厚聚苯乙烯泡沫板进行地面保温处理,并配备氟制冷机组和智能温控电控箱,新建1座6 m×12 m×3.5 m(宽×长×高,下同)小型装配式恒温贮藏库,在原有土窑洞库顶和墙体喷涂80 mm厚聚氨酯,用150 mm厚聚苯乙烯泡沫板进行地面保温处理,改造1座3.8 m×28 m×4 m传统土窑洞式贮藏库,以未改造的传统土窑洞和大型恒温冷库为对照,以红富士苹果为试材,研究了新建(改造)贮藏设施的降温与保温性能及其对苹果的保鲜效果。结果表明,小型装配式恒温贮藏库和土窑洞改造库均能在1 h之内将空库库温降至0℃以下,贮藏温度可均匀、稳定地控制在0℃左右;苹果贮藏120 d,其果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量显著高于传统土窑洞,而与大型恒温冷库贮藏苹果的效果无显著差异。小型装配式恒温贮藏库和土窑洞改造库可以满足果农贮藏苹果的需要。     

A New Method of Second-Order Analysis of Thin-wall Member

In this paper, based on the theory of the rotation of a cross section around a fixed axis, a new calculation method of second-order stress of space stability for thin wall member is applied. The example given in this paper shows that the conception of this new method of second order analysis is clear and the calculation procedure is concise.     

Engineering Calculation Mode Based on Reformative B/S Architecture

Engineering designed mode has entered a new stage because of the development of network. New calculating system based on network appeared. By analyzing the common B/S architecture, this paper brings forward an reformative architecture based on Web services and ASP. NET in order to build the new mode of engineering calculation. It can fully implement the sharing of the resources and provide the engineering designers a wonderful calculating environment, and the working eifficiency of designers can be enhanced.     

Numerical Value Stimulation and Run Experiment of Burning Device in a Boiler

This article analyzes what causes the lower main steam temperature of 1# boiler in the PZH-Steel Plant, then designs reconstructive project of spout of burning device which will be up and diameter of tangent round which will be decreased. At the same time, it is analyzed through numerical value stimulation and usual thermal calculation of boiler, and the result of calculation is used to reconstruct the actual boiler. The result of reconstructive run experiment shows that numerical value stimulation was correct, and attains anticipated object.     

Energy Saving Principle and Design Experience of a New Type Curtain Wall

The energy consumption and sight pollution of glazing curtain wall are two problems to be urgently managed. Intelligent curtain wall is a new type one of energy conservation and environment protection, in which the thermal channel to save building energy consumption and automatic sunshade to adjust sunlight are adopted. Four engineering examples of oversea intelligent curtain wall are briefed. The construction and energy saving principle of ventilative curtain wall as the core technique of intelligent curtain wall are presented. The earliest ventilative curtain wall in China Mainland, and its test results of heat preservation in winter are stressed. The design experience of how to choose three key parameters: the width of thermal channel, the layout of inlet and outlet and the type of glass is discussed.     

Calculating Critical Loads of Thin Plates With Method of Weighted Residuals

In elastic mechanics, it is common practice to calculate critical loads in buckle of thin plates by means of double triangle series. The calculation process is more complex, this method has not facility in engineering application. In many cases critical loads of thin plates can not obtain precise analytic solutions. It is very important to solve approximate resolutions of critical loads of plates in engineering. The method of weighted residuals is an available measure to solve proximal resolutions of differential equations and has extensive application in egineering. In order to simplify calculation process and obtain profitble result, by means of method of weighted residuals and Cantorovich variational principle, taking the second Tchebychev's polynomials as trial functions, it was calculated, critical loads of rectangle thin plates in different supporting conditions. Calculation results indicate that this calculation method is simple and has some precision, it is applied conveniently in engineering.     

A NEW METHOD FOR AMELIORATING INDOOR THERMAL ENVIRONMENT BY DEHUMIDIFYING

The climate in the region of the Yangtze River is sultry in summer and wet and cold in winter. The conventional building measures are shading in summer and insulating in winter,which have heen gotten some effects. Becasue the sultry,wet and cold sensation still affect, the indoor thermal environment can not get an ideal improvement. This paper shows that the new method by dehumidifying is the most effective and the most economic.     

非热杀菌技术在食品中的应用(1)

非热杀菌是当代一类崭新的技术,它既有利于保持食品功能成分的生理活性,又有利于保持原料的色、香、味及营养成分。介绍了超高压杀菌(UHP)、超高压脉冲电场杀菌(PEF)、脉冲强光杀菌(PSL)、微波杀菌(MW)、放射线杀菌(RADIATION)、臭氧杀菌(OZONE)、生物保藏(Bio-conserve)和膜分离(FilmSeparation)技术在食品中的应用及其发展现状。     

Analysis on Foundation Pit Deformation of a Commercial Building in Hangzhou

The foundation pit deformation of a commercial building in Hangzhou is calculated by using calculation method related to foundation pit deformation. The calculation results by m method show that the maximum deformation is 29.2mm and the real maximum deformation is 174.6mm. The deformation character obtained by foundation coefficient method is different from the real deformation. There are lots of factors influencing foundation deformation. According to practical engineering condition, in this study, the influencing factors for soil parameters, bracing condition, condition for insertion of retaining wall into soil and construction speed are determined. The calculation method used is analyzed and modified. Finally, a useful and valid method for calculating foundation deformation is presented, by which the foundation pit deformation in practical project can be forecasted and analyzed.     

不同抗寒性葡萄根系导管分子形态观察

为探究不同抗寒性葡萄品种根系导管分子形态差异,分别对6种葡萄根系低温处理后,进行根段培养,鉴定6种葡萄根系抗寒力。采用组织离析[1]和显微照相技术,分别对6种葡萄根系导管分子进行观察。试验结果表明：葡萄根系中含有多种类型导管,每种导管长度、直径、两端斜度、具尾情况各不相同。不同类型的导管分子在不同品种葡萄中所占比例不同,在抗寒品种中,长度较长、直径大、两端斜度小、单尾或无尾的导管所长比例显著高于高非抗寒品种。在长度比较中,导管长度450 μm以上时,抗寒品种导管比例比非抗寒品种高4.9%~13.6%;在直径比较中,导管直径在0~50.0 μm范围内,抗寒品种导管比例比非抗寒品种低12.4%~30.1%。导管直径在100 μm以上时,抗寒品种导管比例比非抗寒品种高25.0%~29.5%。从导管斜度比较看,两端倾斜的导管中,在30°—45°范围内抗寒品种导管比例比非抗寒品种低20%~27%;在45°以上时,抗寒品种导管比例为0%,非抗寒品种导管比例为4%~5%;从具尾情况看,在两端无尾导管类型中,抗寒品种导管所占比例比非抗寒品种高18%~25%,在两端具尾导管类型中,抗寒品种导管所占比例比非抗寒品种低10%~13%。