多个环境因素对嗜水气单胞菌感染团头鲂致病力的影响

目的研究pH对拟态弧菌(Vibrio mimicus)感染相关表型及胞外产物特性的影响。方法测定不同pH (6.0、7.0、8.0、8.5和9.0)下拟态弧菌的增殖、泳动、自聚集和生物膜形成以及胞外产物(extracellular products,ECPs)的蛋白质量浓度、酶活性、溶血性、细胞毒性和毒力等特性。结果pH 6.0~9.0范围内,随着pH值升高,拟态弧菌的增殖先增强后减弱,pH 8.5时增殖最强;自聚集、生物膜形成和ECPs毒力先减弱后增强,pH 8.5时显著减弱(P<0.05);泳动以及ECPs蛋白质量浓度和细胞毒性减弱,pH 6.0时显著强于其他pH (P<0.05);ECPs酶活性和溶血性呈波动性,酶活性在pH 6.0时最强、pH 8.0时最弱,溶血性在pH 8.0时最强、pH 8.5时最弱。转录组分析显示：拟态弧菌pH 8.5较pH 7.0时,与ATP合成相关的糖酵解、TCA循环和氧化磷酸化等过程的基因表达上调,而与ADP合成相关的嘌呤合成基因、与蛋白质合成相关的核糖体亚基合成基因以及与蛋白分泌和膜运输相关的基因表达下调。结论pH对拟态弧菌感染相关表型及ECPs特性具有明显影响,且pH可能是通过调节拟态弧菌能量代谢与膜运输等过程影响其相关生物学特性。     

Regulation of chamber-specific gene expression in the developing heart by Irx4

The vertebrate heart consists of two types of chambers, the atria and the ventricles, which differ in their contractile and electrophysiological properties. Little is known of the molecular mechanisms by which these chambers are specified during embryogenesis. Here a chicken iroquois-related homeobox gene, Irx4, was identified that has a ventricle-restricted expression pattern at all stages of heart development. Irx4 protein was shown to regulate the chamber-specific expression of myosin isoforms by activating the expression of the ventricle myosin heavy chain-1 (VMHC1) and suppressing the expression of the atrial myosin heavy chain-1 (AMHC1) in the ventricles. Thus, Irx4 may play a critical role in establishing chamber-specific gene expression in the developing heart.     

大麦核糖体失活蛋白基因与天花粉蛋白基因双价植物表达载体的构建

大麦核糖体失活蛋白(B-RIP)和天花粉蛋白(TCS)均具有广谱抗病毒作用,研究构建了分别由2×CaMV35S启动子调控的大麦核糖体失活基因(rip)和天花粉蛋白基因(tcs)双价植物表达载体pABTR,其植物选择标记为新霉素磷酸转移酶基因(NPTⅡ),适用于双子叶植物的遗传转化。并通过三亲本杂交法将重组质粒导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404中,为通过农杆菌介导法将双价基因导入植物,培育理想的抗病毒转基因植物奠定基础。     

Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis: therapy with synthetic double-stranded RNA

A study was undertaken in rabbits to determine how late in the course of keratoconjunctivitis caused by herpes simplex recovery could be effected by an inducer of interferon. Interferon was induced by means of synthetic double-stranded RNA copolymer formed with polynosinic acid: polycytidilic acid RNA. Therapy promotes recovery from severe and fully established keratoconjunctivitis for which treatment was begun as late as 3 days after virus inoculation. No drug toxicity was observed in the therapeutic dose range. These findings further support the proposed role of the interferon mechanism in the natural recovery of already established viral infection. They also suggest the usefulness of interferon inducers in viral infections of man.     

小麦甲基结合蛋白基因MBD3重组表达载体的构建和原核表达

DNA甲基化在基因表达调控过程中发挥重要作用,甲基结合蛋白(Methy1-Binding Domain Protein, MBD)是能特异识别甲基化位点的反式作用因子.开展植物MBD基因的功能研究对于探讨植物生长发育的表观遗传学调控机制具有重要意义.该研究构建了小麦甲基结合蛋白基因MBD3的原核表达载体pGEX-4T-MBD3,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)工程菌株,在37℃,lmMIPTG浓度条件下,成功诱导表达了的GST-MBD3融合蛋白,大小为49.6kDa,这为进一步开展MBD3的蛋白纯化和功能分析奠定了基础.     

Programmed gene rearrangements altering gene expression

Programmed gene rearrangements are used in nature to to alter gene copy number (gene amplification and deletion), to create diversity by reassorting gene segments (as in the formation of mammalian immunoglobulin genes), or to control the expression of a set of genes that code for the same function (such as surface antigens). Two major mechanisms for expression control are DNA inversion and DNA transposition. In DNA inversion a DNA segment flips around and is rejoined by site-specific recombination, disconnecting or connecting a gene to sequences required for its expression. In DNA transposition a gene moves into an expression site where it displaces its predecessor by gene conversion. Gene rearrangements altering gene expression have mainly been found in some unicellular organisms. They allow a fraction of the organisms to preadapt to sudden changes in environment, that is, to alter properties such as surface antigens in the absence of an inducing stimulus. The antigenic variation that helps the causative agents of African trypanosomiasis, gonorrhea, and relapsing fever to elude host defense is controlled in this way.     

菊薯中3种硫代磷酸酯类有机磷农药残留量的快速测定

应用超分子印迹微球与逆基质固相分散加速溶剂萃取,采用气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)检测方法测定菊薯中3种硫代磷酸酯类有机磷农药(毒死蜱、喹硫磷和甲基立枯磷)残留量。以甲基立枯磷为模板分子制备对3种农药有特异性识别的分子印迹微球聚合物,然后作为固相分散剂进行加速溶剂萃取,再以气相色谱质谱法测定菊薯中3种农药的残留量,质谱条件为电子轰击离子源正离子选择离子监测模式。结果表明:3种农药的线性范围均为0.01~2.50μg/mL,相关系数为0.998 7~0.999 6;3种农药的检出限范围为0.174~0.526μg/kg,相对标准偏差为2.3%~9.9%,回收率为79.8%~104.5%。     

Structural basis of toll-like receptor 3 signaling with double-stranded RNA

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a molecular signature of most viruses, and triggers inflammatory responses that prevent viral spread. TLR3 ectodomains (ECDs) dimerize on oligonucleotides of at least 40 to 50 base pairs in length, the minimal length required for signal transduction. To establish the molecular basis for ligand binding and signaling, we determined the crystal structure of a complex between two mouse TLR3-ECDs and dsRNA at 3.4 angstrom resolution. Each TLR3-ECD binds dsRNA at two sites located at opposite ends of the TLR3 horseshoe, and an intermolecular contact between the two TLR3-ECD C-terminal domains coordinates and stabilizes the dimer. This juxtaposition could mediate downstream signaling by dimerizing the cytoplasmic Toll interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains. The overall shape of the TLR3-ECD does not change upon binding to dsRNA.     

山羊有腔卵泡中TGFβ2基因表达

采用 RT- PCR技术对关中奶山羊不同大小的有腔卵泡的卵泡膜细胞、颗粒细胞和卵丘卵母细胞复合体中转化生长因子 β2 (TGFβ2 )的基因表达进行了测定。结果表明 ,在有腔卵泡的各个时期都有 TGFβ2 基因表达 ;在卵泡膜、颗粒细胞和卵丘卵母细胞复合体中也检测到了该生长因子的 m RNA。推测 TGFβ2 对关中奶山羊卵泡发育有一定的调节作用     

Single-cell gene expression profiling

A key goal of biology is to relate the expression of specific genes to a particular cellular phenotype. However, current assays for gene expression destroy the structural context. By combining advances in computational fluorescence microscopy with multiplex probe design, we devised technology in which the expression of many genes can be visualized simultaneously inside single cells with high spatial and temporal resolution. Analysis of 11 genes in serum-stimulated cultured cells revealed unique patterns of gene expression within individual cells. Using the nucleus as the substrate for parallel gene analysis, we provide a platform for the fusion of genomics and cell biology: "cellular genomics."     

Autogenous regulation of gene expression

A new term, autogenous regulation, is used to describe a phenomenon that is not a new discovery but rather is newly appreciated as a mechanism common to a number of systems in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In this mechanism the product of a structural gene regulates expression of the operon in which that structural gene resides. In many (perhaps all) cases, the regulatory gene product has several functions, since it may act not only as a regulatory protein but also as an enzyme, structural protein, or antibody, for example. In a few cases, this protein is the multimeric allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the first step of a metabolic pathway, gearing together the two most important mechanisms for controlling the biosynthesis of metabolites in bacterial cells-feedback inhibition and repression. Autogenous regulation may provide a mechanism for amplification of gene expression (84); for severe and prolonged inactivation of gene expression (85); for buffering the response of structural genes to changes in the environment (45, 52); and for maintaining a constant intracellular concentration of a protein, independent of cell size or growth rate (86). Thus, autogenous regulation provides the cell with means for accomplishing a number of different regulatory tasks, each suited to better satisfying the needs of the organism for its survival.     

硫代磷酸酯类农药通用抗原的合成与鉴定

【目的】合成具有硫代磷酸酯类农药共性结构的系列半抗原,制备此类农药的通用人工抗原。【方法】以烷氧基硫代磷酸盐和卤代羧酸为原料合成半抗原,采用¹HNMR、¹³CNMR及EIS-MS谱图对其结构进行表征。将合成的半抗原分别通过活性酯法、混合酸酐法与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）、卵清蛋白（OVA）偶联,制备免疫人工抗原和包被人工抗原。用紫外扫描法定性分析人工抗原的偶联情况,用2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸（TNBS）法间接测定其偶联比。【结果】合成了H1～H6 6种具有硫代磷酸酯类农药共性结构的半抗原,其中H1、H2为包被半抗原,H3～H6为免疫半抗原。制备了H1-OVA、H2-OVA、H3-BSA、H4-BSA、H5-BSA、H6-BSA、H2-BSA、H4-OVA和H6-OVA 9种人工抗原,其偶联比分别为9∶1、10∶1、23∶1、26∶1、39∶1、43∶1、28∶1、14∶1和12∶1。【结论】成功合成硫代磷酸酯类农药的人工抗原,为下一步用其免疫动物制备抗体进而进行有机磷农药酶联免疫分析奠定了基础。