Baby pig diarrhea caused by coccidiosis

Summary

An outbreak of coccidiosis on two Belgian farms is described. Diarrhea started in piglets at 9 or 10 days of life. Zero to three pigs died per litter. The morbidity rate varied from 70 to 90 per cent. Histological examination of the intestines revealed shortening of villi and different stages of the life cycle of coccidia were seen in the enterocytes. Virological examination was negative for corona‐, corona‐like, and rota‐virus. A haemolytic E. coli strain was isolated in one case. As for treatment, good results were obtained by the adding of 1 kg amproleum pre‐mix per ton sow feed. Scouring pigs were treated orally with 2 cc of an amprol solution once a day. The diarrhea stopped one day after treatment.     

Experimental Colibacillosis in Gnotobiotic Baby Pigs II. Pathology

Sixty-two neonatal gnotobiotic pigs were used in three experiments to determine the lesions produced by two closely related strains of Escherichia coli O138:K81:NM (of Michigan origin) and O138:K81 (of Minnesota origin). Exposure was by subcutaneous injection of bacterial culture into the umbilical stump or by oral inoculation.

Gross signs common to monocontaminated pigs included distention of the flaccid small and large intestines with fluid contents. Edema was prominent in various tissues of most pigs exposed via the umbilical stump but not in those exposed orally.

Histological lesions were predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract and were variable. At one extreme acute hemorrhagic enteritis was present in two pigs, while at the other extreme in a few pigs it was difficult to distinguish tissues of infected pigs from those of noninfected germfree pigs. Significant histological lesions common to monocontaminates included mild inflammatory reaction, hydropic degeneration of the intestinal epithelium, evidence of interference with normal function of the villus-draining mechanisms, and vascular changes generally indicated by edema.

The findings suggest that interference with normal absorption of nutrients plays at least some role in the pathogenesis of colibacillosis in young gnotobiotic pigs.

     

对罗非鱼小鱼制备鱼粉的探讨

[目的]为了开发罗非鱼小鱼资源,利用罗非鱼小鱼直接制备鱼粉.[方法]对相应鱼粉的主要营养成分和蛋白质胃蛋白酶消化率进行了测定.[结果]小于100 g罗非鱼鱼粉的主要营养成分和蛋白质胃蛋白酶消化率达到了特级鱼粉的质量要求.[结论]利用罗非鱼小鱼生产鱼粉的方案可行,鱼鳞粉蛋白质含量、胃蛋白酶消化率虽不及罗非鱼鱼粉,但可以充当配合饲料使用,使营养更加均衡.     

扬州市售婴幼儿奶粉营养标签标示情况调查

目的:对扬州市售婴幼儿奶粉营养标签的标示现状及存在问题进行调查分析,为完善婴幼儿奶粉营养标签的标示及管理提供科学依据.方法:参照《食品营养标签管理规范》、《婴儿配方食品》、《较大婴儿和幼儿配方食品》以及《预包装食品营养标签通则》设计调查表,对扬州市售婴幼儿奶粉的营养标签标示情况进行调查.结果:此次调查的180种婴幼儿奶粉营养标签的标示率为100％;产品标准号标示率为82.8％;营养成分表中能量和蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、钠4种核心营养素及其含量的标示率为100.0％;婴幼儿奶粉年龄阶段的划分缺乏统一性.结论:扬州市售婴幼儿奶粉营养标签标示情况基本良好,但依然存在营养标签标注形式不规范、不统一等问题.     

Experimental Colibacillosis in Gnotobiotic Baby Pigs I. Microbiological and Clinical Aspects

Sixty-two gnotobiotic pigs were used in three experiments to determine the means whereby two related strains of Escherichia coli colonized the intestinal tract. Pigs were exposed by a method simulating neonatal contamination of the umbilical stump. Bacteremia was produced within one and one half hours, and by 24 hours the infection was generally well established in the gastrointestinal tract. By 48 hours after exposure, the bacteremia had subsided so that only an occasional isolation from organs other than the gastrointestinal tract was made.

Oral exposure of one litter of germfree pigs produced heavy colonization of the entire gastrointestinal tract within four hours. Evidence of intermittent bacteremia was present in pigs of this litter. Diarrhea appeared earlier when pigs were exposed orally than when they were exposed by way of the umbilical stump.

     

雏番鸭鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的诊治

１９９９年６～８月间，广东省南海市多个番鸭养殖场发生了一种急性败血性传染病，经流行病学调查、临床症状、病理变化和实验室检验，诊断为鸭疫里默氏杆菌病，经采取综合防治措施后，疫情得到了控制，现将对该病的防治体会介绍如下。l流行病学经对２０多个发病鸭群的调查，发现发病日龄最小的为９天，大的则在３８天，大部分于１５日龄左右开始发病，一直到４０多日龄出售时仍有发病，发病率为１２％～７５％，死亡率为７％～６６％，附近饲养的麻鸭等不发病，气候突变。环境恶劣、饲养密度大、不同日龄鸭群混养等都易于诱发本病，春冬、…     

我国婴幼儿配方奶粉的市场现状、问题及建议

民以食为天，食以安为先，特别是婴幼儿食品安全关乎民族未来。婴幼儿食品安全之所以引起党中央国务院和全国人民的高度重视，就在于她是婴幼儿的生命。“阜阳劣质奶粉”事件让我们对此认识更为深刻。2004年发生的“阜阳劣质奶粉事件”，导致12名婴儿死亡、171名婴儿残疾的惨剧。令人痛心的是，时至今日假冒伪劣奶粉仍未在市场绝迹，今年4月，湖南株洲再次惊现了与2004年相似的“大头娃娃”，可见规范婴幼儿食品市场秩序，还消费者安全、健康的市场环境依然任重道远。     

微波消解电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中铝的含量

建立电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry,ICP-OES)测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中铝的含量.样品经微波消解后用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定,采用外标法定量.结果表明:以称样量0.5 g、定容体积25 mL,计算方法检出限为0.5 mg/kg,铝的质量浓度与强度在0.01～50.0 μg/mL范围内呈线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 5,回收率在92.2％～107.0％之间,相对标准偏差在1.43％～2.34％之间.方法线性范围宽、检出限低、精密度好、回收率高、重现性好,能够快速准确地测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中铝含量.     

牦犊牛腹泻病病因分析与防治试验报告

针对高寒阴湿牧区(玛曲县)牦犊牛腹泻严重危害畜牧业健康发展,运用现代科技从流行病学、痛原检测、母畜营养状况、饲养管理及圈舍卫生、母乳中维生素、血、毛中微量元素的含量、寄生虫的侵害等因素,多方面进行了综合分析研究、查明了不同地域,引起牦犊牛腹泻病的病因,总结出了切合当地畜牧业生产实际的防病措施.     

母兔带仔数对其泌乳力及仔幼兔生长发育影响的研究

利用33只ZIKA商品代成年母兔和264只仔兔，进行两批试验，研究母兔带仔数对其泌乳力及仔兔生长发育的影响。结果表明带仔越多的母兔泌乳力越高，7只组、8只组、9只组(以下顺序同)21天总泌乳量分别为4159g、4417g、5076g。但仔兔吮乳量相反，母兔带仔少的仔兔个体吮乳量较高，三组21天个体吮乳量分别为595g、554g、576g。仔兔生长发育主要受哺乳期影响较大，21日龄个体活重三组分别为412.0g、389.7g、377.8g(P0.05)。     

中药方剂对幼兔生长性能及免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究中药方剂对幼兔生长性能及免疫功能的影响.将15窝经人工授精同期配种的经产母兔所生后代,随机分为3组,每组5窝(一窝为一个重复,每窝7只)进行试验.第1组为空白对照组饲喂基础日粮;第2组为抗生素组饲喂基础日粮加+0.02％抗生素;第3组为中药组饲喂基础日粮+1.5％中药.分别测定每组幼兔的腹泻率、死亡率和细胞免疫功能.结果表明,中药组在试验的各阶段腹泻率、死亡率均低于对照组;中药组生长性能显著提高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);显著提高Ea玫瑰花环形成率(P＜0.05)和T淋巴细胞α-醋酸萘酯酶阳性细胞百分率(P＜0.05).说明中药方剂可显著提高幼兔的生长性能和免疫功能.     

亲鸽饲料中豆粕替代豌豆对乳鸽体重和肉质影响的研究

为研究豆粕替代豌豆对乳鸽体重与肉质的影响,以成年白羽王鸽为对象,以不同比例豌豆和豆粕组合为试验因子,采用单因子三水平随机分组方法进行饲养试验.将504对亲鸽随机分为3组,即豌豆组(B1)、混合组(B2)、豆粕组(B3),分别饲喂豌豆、豌豆+豆粕、全豆粕为蛋白饲料构成的混合型颗粒饲料,检测乳鸽28日龄体重和肉质.结果:豆粕替代豌豆对乳鸽体重、胸肉剪切力、系水力和肉色,以及乳鸽肉蛋白质、氨基酸、肌苷酸、α-亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸含量没有显著影响,可显著降低乳鸽肉脂肪含量(B3＜B2、B1),有提高蛋白质含量的趋势(B3＞B2＞B1),但会导致乳鸽屠体肤色变浅.虽然豆粕替代豌豆不降低乳鸽体重和肉质,但应进一步研究保持屠体肤色的技术方法.     

家庭：想象与虚无——安妮宝贝小说中的现代性悖论

安妮宝贝是最近通过网络走红的作家。笔者通过阐释其小说中虚无主义与家庭观念的矛盾对立，力图揭示现代性历程中个体存在状态的独立与虚无并存的两难境地。同时，从理想之于个体独立所必需的生命主题出发，论述家庭观念在当代中国特殊的语境中作为一种理想资源的可能性。     

母兔妊娠期饲粮蛋氨酸水平对仔兔毛囊发育的影响

本文旨在研究母兔妊娠期饲粮蛋氨酸水平对仔兔毛囊发育的影响.选择体重、胎次和历史产毛量相近的健康长毛兔母兔54只,随机分为3组,每组18个重复,每个重复1只.妊娠期各组分别饲喂蛋氨酸水平为0.51％、0.71％和0.91％的饲粮.测定18胎龄、26胎龄、初生和2月龄时仔兔背部皮肤毛囊密度、直径以及2月龄时毛纤维直径.结果...