针叶树材径向和弦向气体渗透的三维流阻网络

将针叶树材气体渗透的三维流阻网络理论进行了扩充 ,提出了气体径向和弦向渗透次级流阻网络的二维等效流阻网络及二维等效流阻网络流阻基元的确定和等效流阻的求解方法 ,将三维流阻网络从关于针叶树材气体纵向渗透性研究 ,扩展到针叶树材气体径向和弦向渗透性研究。提出了针叶树材径向和弦向气体渗透三维流阻网络理论 ,计算了马尾松试件径向和弦向渗透系数 ,并与测量值进行比较 ,结果表明两值相符合。将本文的针叶树材径向和弦向气体渗透三维流阻网络理论与此前关于针叶树材纵向气体渗透的三维流阻网络工作相结合 ,可以使用三维流阻网络计算针叶树材纵向、径向、弦向的气体渗透系数 ,其在木材干燥、改性、防腐有应用价值     

马尾松防腐材胶合性能的径向变异研究

胶合性能径向变异的研究可为马尾松防腐集成材的原料选取提供重要依据.以35年生马尾松为试验用材,选用季铵铜防腐剂和间苯二酚-苯酚-甲醛树脂胶黏剂制备防腐材胶合试件,并检测其拉伸剪切强度及木破率,研究胶合性能的径向变异,从木材密度和胶黏剂渗透性能两方面分析胶合性能变化的原因.结果 表明:沿髓心至树皮方向,马尾松防腐材剪切强...     

马尾松木材径向与弦向抗弯性能及破坏特征的比较研究

马尾松木材早晚材急变,致使径、弦向性能差异显著。研究了径、弦向弯曲荷载作用下马尾松木材抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量及破坏形态的差异,使用扫描电子显微镜观察了径、弦向受力时破坏面的区别。结果表明:马尾松木材的抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量均是弦向大于径向,且差异显著。径、弦向拉伸断裂面均比较粗糙;剪切破坏通常发生在管胞间,裂纹会沿着纹孔的边缘扩展,纹孔常呈现出完整形态。弦向受力时,拉伸断裂面表层管胞扭转现象明显,管胞壁产生裂隙,剪切破坏发生在径切面的木射线细胞处。径向受力时,拉伸断裂面表层管胞无明显扭转现象,剪切破坏发生在早晚材边界处。     

古建筑旧木材腐朽状况皮罗钉检测结果的定量分析

以故宫武英殿维修时替换下来的局部腐朽的落叶松、软木松旧木构件为材料,用目测法将试材划分为未腐朽及4级腐朽,共5个等级,对不同腐朽等级木材进行皮罗钉径向、弦向检测后,测定木材密度.应用统计学方法分析密度与皮罗钉径向、弦向打入深度间的关系,建立木材密度与皮罗钉打入深度的回归模型,以探讨应用皮罗钉检测方法定量评估古建筑木材材质状况的方法和途径.结果表明:随着木材腐朽程度的加深,木材密度降低,径向、弦向打入深度显著加大,各腐朽等级间差异极显著.2个树种因腐朽引起的密度及径向和弦向打入深度变化趋势表现出高度的一致性,达到"4"级腐朽时,与未腐朽材相比,密度降低20%左右,径向和弦向打入深度增加110%～136%;皮罗钉径向打入深度与弦向打人深度之间存在极显著的线性函数关系,密度与皮罗钉弦向打入深度及径向打入深度之间均存在着极显著的幂函数关系,决定系数均在0.01水平显著(P<0.01);落叶松和软木松密度与弦向打入深度的相关系数分别为-0.67和-0.76,均大于密度与径向打入深度的相关系数-0.55和-0.69.     

超临界CO_2流体处理工艺对木材渗透性的影响

以苯—乙醇为夹带剂,研究超临界CO2流体不同处理压力、温度、时间对福建产杉木、马尾松、檫木木材渗透性的影响。结果表明,在35 MPa内,处理压力的增大有利于3种木材渗透性的提高;杉木在处理温度为40℃时,渗透性的变化率达到最大,为493%,马尾松和檫木在处理温度为45℃时,渗透性的变化率达到最大,分别为479%和349%;较佳的处理时间为30 min。     

针叶树材纵向气体渗透的三维流阻网络

气体在木材中的渗透是通过木材内的孔隙通道进行 ,而木材内的孔隙结构非常复杂 ,在纵向、径向、弦向的连接特性均不相同。以往关于针叶树材气体渗透的模型或理论 ,只考虑针叶树材内气体渗透通道在 1个或 2个方向上的连接。本文根据针叶树材管胞流阻和管胞在纵向、径向、弦向的连接特性 ,建立了一个描述针叶树材纵向气体渗透性的三维流阻网络 ,并运用重正化变换求解出流阻网络的流阻 ,计算了针叶树材气体纵向渗透系数。所得马尾松木材气体纵向渗透系数计算值与其测量结果进行比较 ,两者十分吻合 ,表明本文关于针叶树材气体纵向渗透三维流阻网络理论的科学性     

油杉、杉木和马尾松木材物理力学性质比较

对成熟人工林的油杉(Keteleeria fortunei)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)和马尾松(Pinus massoniana)木材的物理与力学性质进行测定与比较。结果表明,油杉木材的气干湿胀性、抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度和径面硬度最优,杉木木材的全干干缩率、气干干缩率和吸水后湿胀性最优,马尾松木材的气干密度、全干密度、端面硬度和弦面硬度最优。木材密度的表现为马尾松油杉杉木;木材稳定性的表现为杉木油杉马尾松;木材力学的表现为油杉马尾松杉木。     

马尾松与红栲、椆木的混交造林

马尾松是我区量大面广的主要造林树种之一.如何提高马尾松单位面积木材的产量与质量,以及其改良土壤作用的效益,如何使林分结构更加合理,已成为生产上急待研究的课题.半个世纪以来,我校附属林场营造了马尾松与樟树、马尾松与大叶栎、马尾松与椆木、马尾松与红栲、马尾松与麻栎、马尾松与杉木等多种混交林,经过长期的观察,生长发育较好的是马尾松与红栲、马尾松与椆     

伴生树种对人工林酸枣材性的影响

对不同伴生树种人工林酸枣木材物理力学性质和化学组分的测定和比较分析,结果表明:伴生树种马尾松和杉木提高了酸枣人工林木材密度、干缩系数、差异干缩和力学强度及其波动性,且杉木的影响大于马尾松;伴生树种马尾松和杉木对酸枣人工林木材物理性质影响不显著,杉木对酸枣人工林木材除弦面硬度和冲击韧性外的其它力学强度指标的影响极显著或显著,而马尾松对酸枣人工林木材力学强度指标均影响不显著;马尾松降低了酸枣人工林木材抽出物含量、纤维素含量和木素含量,提高了酸枣人工林木材戊聚糖含量,而杉木影响正好相反。     

马尾松木材改性研究现状

马尾松（Pinus massoniana）种植面积广,生长周期短。马尾松木材存在尺寸稳定性差、含脂量高和易蓝变等缺陷,使其应用范围受到限制。需要对马尾松木材进行改性处理来提高其性能和用途。通过对近年来马尾松木材改性相关研究工作进行总结归纳,马尾松木材改性的方法可分为脱脂处理、有机物浸渍处理、无机物浸渍处理、热处理和其他处理;探讨马尾松木材改性的发展方向,以期为马尾松木材改性的进一步研究提供理论基础,扩大马尾松木材的利用范围。     

马尾松木材在高温干燥中的水分扩散性

对马尾松木材在高温干燥过程中的水分非稳态扩散进行了研究 ,结果表明当含水率高于纤维饱和点时 ,水分扩散系数随含水率的降低而增加 ;当含水率低于纤维饱和点时 ,水分扩散系数随含水率的下降而减少。马尾松木材的径向扩散系数大于弦向扩散系数。随着温度的升高和相对湿度的降低 ,木材的横向水分扩散系数增大     

黄山马尾松顺纹剪切性能研究

参照ASTM D143标准对黄山马尾松进行顺纹剪切测试，结果表明，径切面剪切强度平均值为9.59MPa、弦切面剪切强度平均值为11.38MPa、45＆#176;纹理方向剪切强度平均值为11.15MPa。弦切面剪切强度略高于45＆#176;纹理方向剪切强度，径切面剪切强度最小。弦切面和径切面的剪切强度与密度均呈线性相关，密度越大，剪切强度越大。材料满足GB50005-2003《木结构设计规范》中对剪切强度的要求，可作为结构材使用。     

Determination of the effective water conductivity of red pine sapwood

Summary The instantaneous profile method was used to establish the boundary desorption curve of the effective water conductivity function of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) sapwood in the radial and tangential directions from nearly saturated to dry conditions at 18, 56 and 85 °C. The results obtained demonstrate that the effective water conductivity is a function of moisture content, temperature, and direction of flow. The effective water conductivity increases by several orders of magnitude (10⁴–10⁵) as moisture content increases from dry to nearly saturated conditions at a given temperature. The effective water conductivity also increases by a factor varying between 10 and 50 as temperature rises from 18 to 85 °C in the moisture content range considered. The variation of the moisture content–water potential relationship with temperature can explain part of the temperature effect. The effective water conductivity was generally higher in the radial direction than in the tangential direction in a ratio varying from about 1/1 to 3/1 depending on moisture content and temperature. Finally, the flux–gradient relationships obtained at given moisture contents were found to be linear, confirming the validity of using a moisture flux equation considering the water potential gradient as the driving force for the experimental conditions considered in the present work. The knowledge of the effective water conductivity function and of the moisture content–water potential relationship allows the utilization of a two-dimensional model of moisture movement in wood during drying using the gradient in water potential as the driving force for drying at temperatures up to 85 °C. Received 27 February 1998     

Response of colour and hygroscopic properties of Scots pine wood to thermal treatment

The effect of heat treatment on the surface colour and hygroscopic properties of pine wood were investigated in this study. Boards of Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) were subjected to thermal treatment at 200°C, for 4, 6, and 8 h. The change of equilibrium moisture content and density values of the specimens in order to facilitate the understanding of the treated material behavior. The colour parameters L*, a* and b*, used to depict the total colour change (Δ E) of wood surface, were shown to change proportionally to the treatment intensity. Moreover, swelling in the tangential and radial directions and absorption of the specimens appeared to be enhanced in great extent by the thermal treatment process. The mean value of swelling percentage in the tangential direction decreased 10.26%, 17.22%, and 19.60% for specimens treated for 4, 6, and 8 h, respectively, referring to the final measurement after 72 h of immersion. In radial direction, mean value of swelling percentage decreased 19.56%, 32.75%, and 34.65% for treated for 4, 6 and 8 h, respectively, after 72 h immersion, which attests the decrease in swelling and improvement in the hygroscopic behavior of Scots pine wood.     

Estimation of shrinkage coefficients in radial and tangential directions from CT images

The aim of the present work was to use the displacement information generated from the spatial alignment in order to compute wood shrinkage in the radial and tangential directions in computed tomography (CT) images, and to compare the results with those obtained with computer-aided design software on the same images. To estimate the shrinkage coefficients from tomography images, wood specimens in the green state, equilibrium moisture content 15% and 8% state and oven dry condition were scanned. Specimens were taken from Norway spruce and Scots pine logs. The root-mean-square-error calculations showed acceptable small differences between the two measuring methods, which means that the algorithm is a useful tool for estimating the shrinkage coefficients in radial and tangential direction from CT images. This provides an image processing tool to monitor the dimensional changes during the drying and heat treatment process.     

古建筑木材中应力波传播速度的影响因素

对应力波在古建筑木材中传播速度的影响因素及其影响规律进行了检测和分析,目的是找出各种因素变化与应力波扫描图像之间的关系,从而更好地判定木材内部缺陷的位置和面积。研究表明:含水率对应力波传播速度影响显著;在相同含水率下,应力波径向传播速度大于弦向,其传播方向偏离髓心越远,传播速度越小;树种和年代对应力波传播速度也有影响。     

Influence of moisture sorption history on the swelling of sugar maple wood and some tropical hardwoods

Summary Samples of nine tropical hardwoods from Peru and sugar maple wood from Quebec were selected to perform moisture sorption tests associated with swelling tests at 25 °C. The results demonstrate that, for a given equilibrium moisture content, tangential and radial dimensions, and hence the volume of wood, are greater after desorption than after adsorption. The importance of these differences, so-called second-order effects of moisture sorption, varied with the species and with the direction of swelling. These effects are proportionally greater in the tangential direction of wood than in its radial axis. Finally, two types of samples showed similar swellings for three equilibrium moisture contents.The author wishes to thank Professor M. Goulet for his support and help. This research was supported by the Canadian International Development Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada     

马尾松木材材性特点及加工利用研究

马尾松是我国松属树种中地理分布最广的一种,也是南方的造林先锋树种和主要用材树种。文中从物理力学性能、纤维特性以及渗透性等方面论述了马尾松木材材性特点,介绍了马尾松木材干燥及脱脂处理技术、木材蓝变及其防治方法,总结了马尾松木材在实木利用、人造板生产等领域的应用现状,展望了马尾松木材加工利用的发展前景。