黄伞结实与非结实菌丝的形态特征比较

以野生黄伞纯培养菌丝为试验材料,显微镜观察结果表明,经Gienrsa染色后,能结实菌株的菌丝是具锁状联合的双核菌丝,接种后,菌丝生长快而均匀,粗壮紧密,成熟时产生色素,菌丝颜色由白色或浅黄色转成深黄色或黄褐色;而非结实菌株的菌丝较细,生长较慢,成熟时不产生色素,菌丝颜色为白色或浅黄色,而且部分菌丝断裂产生分生孢子。     

黄伞和滑菇的解剖学性状比较研究

对黄伞和滑菇的解剖结构进行了比较.结果表明:黄伞和滑菇菌丝均为白色,具有锁状联合,子实体形状、颜色相近,菌柄都中生,具菌幕,每个担子顶部产生4个担孢子,孢子形状接近,表面光滑含油滴.黄伞气生菌丝多,并产生分生孢子,滑菇出菇晚,黄伞菌盖菌柄上着生鳞片,滑菇表面覆有一层粘液.黄伞的孢子相对大些,滑菇产孢量大,颜色浅内含油滴较大.     

两种鳞伞属真菌菌丝培养特性的初步研究

研究翅鳞伞（Pholiota squarrosa）和多脂鳞伞（Pholiota adiposa）两种鳞伞属真菌的菌丝培养特性。分别以葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖和淀粉为碳源,以蛋白胨、酵母膏、牛肉膏和硝酸铵为氮源,并在10、15、20、25和300C五个不同的温度处理下培养;以及在pH5、6、7、8、9和10六个不同的pH处理下培养,观察测定翅鳞伞和多脂鳞伞的菌丝生长。翅鳞伞和多脂鳞伞的真菌菌丝在这些碳、氮源的条件下均可生长。翅鳞伞的最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为蛋白胨;多脂鳞伞的最适碳源为蔗糖,最适氮源为酵母膏。两种真菌的最适生长温度均为25℃;最适pH均为5。在最适碳氮源、最适生长温度和最适pH的各种条件下,翅鳞伞的生长都要快于多脂鳞伞,翅鳞伞的pH耐受范围也比多脂鳞伞更广．     

野生黄伞驯化栽培研究

取野生黄伞子实体菌肉组织分别接入不同配方的分离培养基上进行分离培养试验 ,对获得的次生菌丝体经 1代母种扩转后 ,挑取各种颜色和各个生长阶段前端的少量菌丝 ,初步确定了黄伞菌丝体的形态结构。通过驯化栽培试验 ,该菌株生物性状稳定 ,无退化、变异现象     

生防芽孢杆菌对3种杧果镰刀菌的抑菌效果评价

开展了4株生防芽孢杆菌对杧果镰刀菌的平板对峙和分生孢子萌发试验。结果表明,供试生防菌发酵液对杧果镰刀菌菌丝生长及分生孢子萌发有明显的抑制作用,其中菌株FCK抑菌活性较强,对菌丝抑制率可达66.10%,菌株5a-9、6c-5次之;菌株FCK对分生孢子萌发的最高抑制率达56.80%,菌株6a-3次之,菌株6c-5最低;生防菌的发酵灭菌液热稳定性差,高温灭菌后抑菌活性显著下降,对部分镰刀菌分生孢子萌发起到一定的促生作用;发酵灭菌液对分生孢子萌发的促生作用强于发酵滤液。     

北方地区黄伞栽培关键技术

黄伞(Photiota adipose),又名黄环锈伞、多脂鳞伞、柳蘑等,是一种食、药性兼优,具有较高的商品价值。近几年我国北方地区刚刚开始引种黄伞,由于栽培技术有待成熟,所以实际生产中成功率较低,农民盲目种植,个别地区甚至有种植上百万棒黄伞全军覆没现象。本技术改善了以往北方地区     

梨轮纹病菌培养特性研究

研究了梨轮纹病原菌的培养特性,结果表明,不同病原菌菌株间的致病力、菌丝日生长速率及产孢能力均不同,生长速率最大的菌株为P-16,生长速率最小的菌株为P-10,差异较大。菌株P-16致病力最强,菌株P-10致病力最弱。菌株P-7、P-13、P-16产孢量较大,P-4、P-10、P-19无分生孢子器产生;病原菌菌丝最佳生长温度为28℃,最佳产孢温度为25℃,分生孢子最佳萌发温度28℃;在日光灯、黑光灯条件下有利于病原菌菌丝生长,黑暗条件下病原菌生长较慢;病原菌产孢在黑光灯条件下最好;不同光照条件对病原菌分生孢子萌发影响不大;病原菌菌丝生长最适pH值为7~9,产孢最适pH值为6~8,分生孢子萌发最适pH值为7~9;病原菌菌丝致死温度为62℃(10min)或57℃(15min),分生孢子致死温度为60℃(10min)或55℃(15min)。     

羊肚菌子实体发育生物学(下)——生物学和非生物学因子对菌丝培养和子实体形成的影响

正3羊肚菌发育生物学羊肚菌的生活史是研究的难点,目前有提出两种生活史[114,115],都认为形成菌核和分生孢子是关键环节。储存营养的菌核在子囊果发育过程中作用较大,既可以萌发为生殖菌丝,又可以直接产生子囊果。羊肚菌的菌核为假菌核,不同的可栽培出菇的菌株产菌核能力差别较大,甚至有菌种阶段完全不产菌核的菌株也能很好地出菇;另一方面尚无菌核萌发成原基的直接证据。分生孢子的争议则较大,主要是从自然基     

神经致幻型毒菌裸盖伞205菌株的分离纯化及其特性的初步研究

本论文首次对裸盖伞Psilocybe sp．-205菌株进行了分离纯化和菌株特性的研究。在研究裸盖伞205菌株的过程中，发现205是由纯205和点枝顶孢（Acremonium strictum W．Cams．）混生在一起的。本实验用菌丝片段分离法对205进行了分纯。205的菌丝有锁状联合，在琼脂培养基上有子实体扭结现象，其混生菌丝为点枝顶孢，没有锁状联合，有分生孢子及分生孢子器。通过对纯化的205进行平板培养、平板插片培养，描述了205的菌落特征，菌丝特征及子实体等宏观上的形态特征，通过显微观察和扫描电镜的应用，描述了菌褶、担子和担孢子、菌丝的锁状联合等微观特征。     

野生黄伞的驯化试验研究

对黄伞野生菌种生长的主要环境条件和代料栽培配方进行了初步研究。试验结果表明黄伞菌丝体生长最适环境条件为温度24℃、pH值6．5、培养料含水量65％;代料栽培主料用木屑和玉米芯两种原料搭配优于单一原料;代料栽培配方e适宜黄伞生长,菌丝长势强,方差分析表明产量达极显著水平。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.