过氧化物酶同工酶与棉花黄萎病抗性的相关研究

对20个来源及抗性不同的海岛棉和陆地棉品种和2个陆地棉(S)/海岛棉(R)杂交组合 的亲本、 F1、 F2世代的POX同工酶研究表明, 接种黄萎病菌前后, 棉花叶片中的 POX同工酶酶谱发生明显变化, 抗病品种与感病品种的阴性POX同工酶谱带均由原来的3 条 增 至6条, 但两者之间不存在明显差异; 阳性POX同工酶谱带接种前后均只有1条(     

大豆过氧化物酶同工酶分析

为了得到7个大豆品种的亲缘关系,对其叶、茎、根进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)处理,分析了过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶酶谱,其分离出30条酶带,POD在不同大豆各器官中分布具有特异性:综合同工酶谱和联合相似系数初步讨论了亲缘关系,结果认为,垦丰16与垦丰17为优势杂交组合,为作物品种鉴定、选育优势杂交亲本提供一定依据。     

棉花不同生育期SOD同工酶与品种抗黄萎病性相关性的研究

凝胶电泳测定不同棉花品种子叶期、４叶期、蕾期、铃期、吐絮期等５个不同生育期的叶片内ＳＯＤ同工酶,结果其谱带数目相应为４、８、８、４、３,随着棉花的生育进程,ＳＯＤ同工酶活性由弱一强一弱。在棉花生长前期子叶期、４叶期,抗、感黄萎病品种之间,接菌与不接菌棉株间,ＳＯＤ同工酶谱活性差异不明显;在蕾期,虽然品种间的ＳＯＤ同工酶谱活性差异不明显,但接菌的棉株Ｅ１、Ｅ５、Ｅ６三条酶带活性强于不接菌棉株,Ｅ３活性则相反;在铃期,抗、耐品种较感病品种Ｅ２谱带活性强,接菌棉株较不接菌棉株增加一条Ｅ３ｂ谱带。感病品种泗棉２号上显症棉株叶片体内ＳＯＤ同工酶较无病症叶增加一条Ｅ４酶带;不同病级的叶片内,ＳＯＤ同工酶的活性差异不大。至吐絮期,不同品种棉株及显症叶与无病叶间的ＳＯＤ酶活性又趋相同。     

荞麦过氧化物酶同工酶研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对毕节地区栽培荞麦(Fagopyrum Mill)23个收集系的过氧化物酶同工酶进行了研究.结果发现:过氧化物酶同工酶共12条酶带,其中甜荞(F.esculentum)有8条酶带,而苦莽(F.tataricum)有10条.酶谱分析和系统聚类表明:荞麦在种内存在一定的遗传差异,但这种差异明显小于种...     

甘薯品种资源过氧化物酶同工酶分析鉴定

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分析了３５５份甘薯品种的过氧化物酶同工酶，明确了甘薯的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱表现，结合品种表现分析，初步建立甘薯品种资源的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱档案。     

棉花枯、黄萎病的抗性筛选

棉花枯、黄萎病均是世界性棉花病害, 在我国各大棉区也均有发生. 我国每年因棉花枯、黄萎病造成的皮棉损失约占棉花总产量的10%～20%, 严重时可达60%以上[1]. 虽然防治棉花枯、黄萎病有化学防治、农业防治和生物防治等多种方法, 但这些方法不但成本高, 而且防治效果差.……     

马铃薯过氧化物酶同工酶分析

同工酶在作物分类鉴别、亲缘关系以及遗传分析等方面广泛应用，在水稻、玉米等有性繁殖材料上报导很多，但在无性繁殖材料马铃薯上尚未见报导。本文通过对30个马铃薯品种的过氧化物同工酶分析，以期初步查明马铃薯过氧化物同工酶的表现形式，及其品种之间的酶谱差异，探索鉴别品种的方法，为马铃薯品种资源的保存和品种质量管理提供依据。1材料与方法1.1试验材料：由呼盟马铃薯脱毒中心提供试管苗30份．其中包括国内材料9份（1－9），丹麦材料6份（10－15），荷兰6份（16－21），美国材料9份（22－30）；上述材料中部分品种用花期后的叶片。…     

冬小麦不同发育时期过氧化物酶同工酶研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术对 18个冬小麦品种 4个发育期的POD同工酶进行了研究 ,发现在不同发育时期冬小麦根和叶POD同工酶酶谱均有不同程度的变化。返青期根POD同工酶谱变化较明显 ,在A区增加 1条RA1酶带 ,在C区增加 1条RC1酶带 ,而其他发育期无这 2条酶带或只有痕迹带 ;拔节期叶POD同工酶谱C区酶带比其他发育期多 1条LC1酶带 ;同时发现根RC4 酶带、叶LC5酶带在 4个发育期均较为稳定 ,表现为一级带 ;A区的RA2 酶带也较为稳定 ,在不同发育期均表现为二级带 ;冬小麦 18个品种间POD同工酶谱无明显差异     

盐胁迫对冬小麦过氧化物酶同工酶的影响

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳法,研究了不同浓度ＮａＣｌ对冬小麦根（三叶期）过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）同工酶的影响,电泳结果显示：１ｍｇ／ｇ ＮａＣｌ胁迫电泳图谱Ａ区酶带较对照组增加２条,Ｂ区酶带增加１～３条;２ｍｇ／ｇ ＮａＣｌ胁迫时,Ａ区为１条酶带,Ｂ区酶带增加了３条;ｔ检验表明：１ｍｇ／ｇ ＮａＣｌ胁迫时Ｂ区新增３条酶带的品种的株高和穗长极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）高于Ｂ区新增１条酶带的品种。     

转几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶双价基因棉花株系对黄萎病的抗性

 采用人工病圃、重病田及苗期室内鉴定相结合的方法,研究了转双价（Chi+Glu）基因的棉花株系61217-1对棉花黄萎病的抗性。结果表明,转基因棉花株系61217-1在人工病圃连续3年达抗病水平,病指极显著低于其受体中棉所24。2009年该转基因株系在河南安阳、江苏大丰及新疆石河子棉花黄萎病重病田的病指分别为18.7、18.1和16.7,均极显著低于受体中棉所24的病指。该转基因株系对来自河北、湖北、新疆的3个强致病力落叶型菌株均达抗病水平,病指分别为16.4、16.8和15.6,也极显著低于受体中棉所24的病指。表明转双价（Chi+Glu）基因的棉花株系61217-1具有优异稳定的抗黄萎病性。     

棉花黄萎病菌致病类型研究

以研究手段为主线,从形态学特征、凝胶电泳、血清学反应、营养体亲和性及几项分子生物学技术等方面讨论了目前国内外在划分棉花黄萎病菌种内致病类型上的研究进展状况,并在本文基础上作了总结。     

Analysis of Cotton Secondary Metabolites under the Interaction between Verticillium dahliae and Upland Cotton

[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate the cotton differential metabolites in the interaction between Verticillium dahliae and cotton plant, and to explore new clues for the further study on the defense mechanism of cotton against V. dahliae. [Method] To obtain the cotton root, stem and leaf samples of the pathogen treated and healthy controls, the upland cotton cultivar CCRI 24 was selected as tested cotton material in this paper, and inoculated with V. dahliae conidia or sterile water by injuring root at the 2-true-leaf stage. The 70% (volume fraction) methanol extracts of these samples were separated and detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS), and the metabolite data were obtained by the online XCMS software. Through multivariate statistics and student’s t-test, the differential metabolites were investigated. The types of metabolites were putatively identified based on the comparison of the experimental molecular mass and the monoisotopic accurate molecular mass of cotton metabolites. [Result] The efficiency of negative ion mode was higher than that of positive ion detection mode in the cotton metabolites in UPLC-ESI-MS analysis. 576 ions mainly distributed in cotton root were found in the cotton seedling tissues including root, stem and leaf, which were the distinguished differential metabolites between V. dahliae treatment and healthy control. Among them, 77 ions were identified as sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, aliphatics and phenols. In addition to sesquiterpenes, 17 compounds, including caffeic acid, astragalin, isoastragalin, dillenetin, ent-catechin, gossypetin 8-rhamnoside, gossypicyanin, herbacetin 7-glucoside, leucocyanidin, quercetin 3'-glucoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 7-glycosides, α,2',3,3',4,4',6-heptahydroxychalcone 2'-glucoside, melibiose, sucrose, sucrose 6-phosphate and 1-tetratriacontanol, had not been reported in the literatures on the interaction between V. dahliae and cotton, which may be the novel pathogenesis-related metabolites on cotton Verticillium wilt. [Conclusion] The putative pathogenesis-related metabolites of cotton Verticillium wilt may play an important role in the interaction of cotton defense against V. dahliae, which provides an important clue for exploring the new resistant mechanism of cotton to Verticillium wilt.     

新疆棉花黄萎病菌致病性分化的研究

对新疆主要植棉区的30个棉花黄萎病菌菌株及陕西省农科院植保所赠送的4个标准菌株进行致病性分化和营养亲和性研究。结果表明,新疆棉花黄萎病菌致病性分化明显,可分为强、中、弱3种类型,34个菌株中的32个菌株可分为2个亲合群,另外两个菌株暂未划定亲合群。     

北方植棉区棉花黄萎病菌生理分化类型研究

通过对采自北方植棉区落叶和非落叶病株的５１个棉花黄萎病菌系致病力分化测定结果，确定我国北方植棉区存在落叶类强致病力菌系；混合类中度致病力菌系及非落叶类弱致病力菌系的３个致病类型，并分别占测试菌的４１．５１％、３５．８５％和２２．６４％，其中９个强致病菌系致害棉苗出现落叶程度与对照菌的落叶程度相当或略重，表明河北、山东、河南植棉区重病田有落叶型黄萎菌系。病菌培养性状研究，得出３个培养型，即黑色菌落型、灰白色菌落型与白色菌落型。明确了黄萎病菌生长最佳温度为２５℃，这一结果同田间黄萎病大发生要求的温度一致。     

河北省棉花黄萎病菌致病性的研究

在棉花苗期采用塑料营养钵底部定量注菌液法接种，于昼温２５～２６℃，夜温２０～２２℃的人工培养室中测定了自河北省重点植棉县分离的４０个棉花黄萎病菌单孢菌系和外地５个菌系的致病性。以中棉石系亚、海岛棉海７１２４、陆地棉９３抗１２、辽棉５号、冀棉１１号、农大３６５６个品种为鉴别寄主，以病情指数作为划分抗、感类型的标准，根据在鉴别寄主上的反应，４５个供试菌系可被划分为致病力强的Ⅰ型、致病力中等的Ⅱ型和致病力弱的Ⅲ型，分别占５３．５％、２８．９％、１７．８％。Ⅰ型菌系除使中棉表现抗（耐）病外，海岛棉和陆地棉均表现感病。该类菌系遍布冀中南棉区，其中有７个菌系可使部分品种表现落叶，证明河北省已有落叶型菌系存在。试验还表明，海７１２４、９３抗１２、冀棉１１号和农大３６５４个棉花品种对黄萎病鉴别力较强，可作为鉴别寄主加以应用     

棉花黄萎病菌与品种互作的格局分析

 以23个棉花品种(系)接种18个黄萎病菌株的抗感表现(病情指数)为分析对象,在聚类分析的基础上用双标图方法研究了寄主 病原的互作格局。结果表明：23个棉花品种分为6个抗病性不同的品种组,18个菌株聚为5个致病力不同的菌株群。5031和50312组成的品种组G1对所有菌株群具有最高抗性,可作为抗黄育种的高抗质源。来自河北成安的VD25与来自江苏常熟的XS4、XS6和XS7组成的菌株群S4与G5品种组存在互作,其致病力最强,是棉花黄萎病的优势菌株群,在抗黄育种和抗黄鉴定中应予以高度重视。S2和S3菌株群与56%的参试品种构成的3个品种组间存在互作,是潜在的优势菌株群。具平均抗病性的G2品种组是黄萎病菌的优良寄主。     

陆地棉黄萎病抗性遗传分析

以抗落叶型黄萎病棉花品系常抗棉,耐黄萎病品系中5173、河北抗黄、山东抗黄及感病品种TM 1、军棉1号、新陆早1号、感病1号8个材料进行8×8半双列杂交,对亲本及F1的黄萎病株率及病情指数等主要性状进行了研究,采用MINQUE(1)法估算方差分量,采用AUP法预测遗传效应值。遗传估算方差结果表明,在病圃人工接菌条件下,品种平均病指及收获期剖秆病指均以加性遗传效应为主。遗传力分析表明,黄萎病的广义和狭义遗传率均达极显著。基因效应预测值表明,抗及耐黄萎病品种与感病品种之间存在极显著差异。协方差分析表明,表示黄萎病抗性两个性状(成株期平均病指及收获期剖秆病指)之间存在极显著的正相关,而黄萎病与产量性状之间存在极显著负相关。     

陆地棉品种对多个大丽轮枝菌菌株的抗性分析

对几个陆地棉黄萎病抗源用多个菌株分别接种鉴定。结果表明，它们对不同菌株的抗性可能是由不同基因决定的。例如Ｒ０１中有多个抗不同大丽轮枝菌菌株的抗病基因；Ｒ１８能抗４个落叶型菌株，且表现一致，这说明Ｒ１８的抗病基因与Ｒ０１的抗病基因在本质上可能不同。Ｒ０１和Ｒ０３中的２个株行能抗或耐所有试验用菌株尤其是落叶型菌系。Ｒ１８的选择过程为选育棉花高抗黄萎病品种提供了可能参考的实例。抗源材料的分析结果表明，一个品种或株行的抗性鉴定必须进行两次以上，在感病株行中分离出来的抗病单株，是新品种、新材料的希望所在，也是不能遗传的假抗病材料（诱导性抗病）的最大怀疑对象。     

Proteomics Analysis of Gossypium barbadense Leaves with Resistance to Verticillium dahliae under Infection Stress

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to analyze the resistance mechanism of island cotton under Verticillium wilt stress and to find possible resistance genes. [Method] The cotton resistance mechanism under the stress of Verticillium dahliae was studied by protein two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry at the protein level. [Result] In the leaves, eleven proteins were down-regulated and 15 proteins were up-regulated after 2 hours of inoculation with Verticillium dahliae. The down-regulated proteins were mainly related to photosynthesis and carbon assimilation, and then we deduce that Verticillium dahliae is mainly broken cotton photosynthetic system to cause cotton susceptibility. The up-regulated proteins were mainly related to photosynthesis and benzoquinone reductase, beta-D-galactosidase, 14-3-3f protein and other disease-resistant protein. [Conclusion] It is speculated that the defense mechanism of island cotton on Verticillium wilt may occur at two levels: one is passive defense, it is manifested that the isoproteins of the down-regulated proteins such as chloroplast II AB binding protein and ribulose diphosphate carboxylase are highly expressed to maintain the stability of the island cotton photosynthetic system, the histone and 14-3-3f protein are highly expressed to keep the cell stability; the second is active defense, it is manifested that the high expressed β-D-galactosidase and benzoquinone reductase may be involved in the resistance of island cotton to Verticillium wilt.