森林病虫害防治对策

林场森林的安全是关系我国的资源是否可持续发展的重要环节,病虫害防治是国家减灾工程的重要组成部分,因此,加强对森林病虫害的防治对策研究十分重要。本文简要论述了目前我国森林病虫害防治工作存在的不足之处,深入探讨了如何加强森林病虫害防治。     

加强森林病虫害防治的重要性及对策

森林乃国家宝贵资源,但是病虫害使森林生态环境不断恶化,制约了我国森林可持续发展,威胁着我国森林资源的生态安全,所以森林病虫害的防治是当务之急。本文阐释了森林病虫害防治的重要性与对策。     

对森林病虫害防治措施的探讨

防治森林病虫害是指对森林、林木、林木种苗及木材、竹材的病害和虫害的预防和除治。文章主要从森林病虫害防治工作的必要性,森林病虫害防治现状,森林病虫害防治方法等方面阐述了如何进行森林病虫害防治。     

小议森林病虫害防治的重要性

森林病虫害是制约我国森林可持续发展的重要因素,已严重威胁到我国森林资源和生态安全。本文从病虫害防治工作存在问题入手,提出了防治的主要对策措施。     

森林病虫害防治现状与方案初探

我国重要生态资源就是森林资源,维持生态平衡的同时也能够有一定预防自然灾害的作用,因此应对森林保护引起高度重视,保持良好的生态效益。近年来,我国森林资源病虫害问题较为严峻,病虫害入侵面积较大、且病虫害种类繁多,而森林分布以及地理位置等因素,使得森林病虫害防治并不能全面有效的开展,因此、森林安全并未受到合理有效的保护,进而严重威胁着我国森林资源的综合利用以及林业亚健康发展。目前来说,我国森林防治工作开展以及病虫害对森林资源的破坏现象等十分严峻,鉴于此、本文对森林病虫害防治现象进行充分分析,并探讨了相关的可行性方案,希望对森林病虫害防治方面提供一些参考意见。     

论森林病虫害原因及防治措施

森林病虫害发生频率和面积不断增加,影响了生态环境的安全平稳建设,对森林资源的保护和开发造成了不利影响。做好森林病虫害的预防和治理,采取有效措施对森林资源建设和生态环境保护有举足轻重的意义。分析了森林病虫害的发生特点,探究了我国发生森林病虫害的主要原因,并论述了如何有效制定森林病虫害的防治及应对措施。     

浅谈森林病虫害的防治问题及应对措施

森林病虫害防治是国家减灾工程的重要组成部分,对保护森林资源、改善生态环境、促进国民可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。本文就森林病虫害防治工作存在的主要问题,提出对策和防治措施。希望加强森林病虫害防治工作,以减轻森林资源损失、提高森林质量、促进生态环境建设、为促进国民经济和林业可持续发展做出贡献。     

营林与森林病虫害防治的关系

森林病虫害防治是我国营林管理工作的重要内容,通过实施营林措施,能够有效推动我国森林建设,营造良好的生态环境,防治病虫害。首先,论述了营林措施对森林病虫害防治的重要意义;其次,分析了森林病虫害发生的原因;最后,对营林防治森林病虫害的具体措施进行了论述。     

森林病虫害生物防治工作现状及建议

病虫害是威胁树木正常生长的主要原因,对森林资源的危害极大,现已成为阻碍森林可持续发展的重要因素。为了促进森林树木的健康成长,有效保护森林资源,需要加强森林病虫害防治工作,通过有效的生物防治措施,有效防止森林病虫害的发生。从而为森林病虫害生物防治工作提供参考依据,促进森林的可持续发展。探讨了森林病虫害生物防治工作现状及建议,以供参考。     

如何有效加强森林病虫害防治

森林病虫害防治是国家减灾工程的重要组成部分,本文阐述了当前森林病虫害存在的问题,以及病虫害的防治对策,目的在于提高人们对森林病虫害的认识、保护森林资源,改善生态环境。     

Unexpected connections between residential urban forest diversity and vulnerability to two invasive beetles

Invasive pests pose a threat to the key environmental and social benefits provided by urban forests, and diverse tree planting is a primary management strategy for reducing pest vulnerability. For example, past urban forest losses to Dutch elm disease (DED) prompted municipal foresters to emphasize diversification, but it is unclear whether residential properties developed after the peak DED outbreak are actually more diverse than older properties. To address this issue, we inventoried all public and private trees on 150 residential properties in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, USA, and compared genus diversity on pre- and post-Dutch elm properties. We then quantified vulnerability to two current invasive pest threats, emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis) and Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) (Anoplophora glabripennis), to evaluate whether higher diversity corresponds with lower pest vulnerability. We assessed vulnerability based on two fundamental urban forest metrics–frequency and size of vulnerable trees. Surprisingly, properties developed after the peak DED outbreak were less diverse than older properties. At the same time, less diverse post-Dutch elm properties exhibited low ALB vulnerability and modest EAB vulnerability, while more diverse older sites were highly susceptible to ALB. The importance of pest host specificity in characterizing urban forest vulnerability was underscored by low EAB vulnerability and high ALB vulnerability on our oldest study sites. This research highlights an apparent disconnect between the theoretical notion that higher diversity should reduce invasive pest vulnerability, and our empirical data indicating that genus diversity does not necessarily correspond with pest vulnerability.     

浅谈林木病害防治做法

凤岗县是重点的天然林深护区,森林覆盖率达57%,因此在保护利用森林方面取得了较好的社会效益和经济效益,随着经济林木的日益扩大和发展,特别是林木病虫害防治是抓好林业产业化发展的关键所在,所以,凤岗县林业发展及病虫害预防工作,主要围绕认真贯彻执行《植物检疫条例》和《森林病虫害防治条例》,严格执行苗木"两证一签"制度,全面开展检疫、监测和防治工作,并产生了良好的社会和经济效应,本人以从事林木防治工作多年的实践谈谈以下几点:     

Isolating spatial effects on beta diversity to inform forest landscape planning

Understanding the effects of landscapes on pest and non-pest species is necessary if regional landscape planning is to both control pests and conserve biodiversity. A first step is understanding of how both pests and non-pest species interact with the landscape configuration to determine the density of the two groups. While it is impossible to examine the occurrence and dispersal behavior of all species, different turnover rates in different species assemblages may offer general insights into responses of species assemblages. In this study I examine the distance decay of similarity of longhorned beetle assemblages in a large forest area in Indiana, USA, with minimal differences in habitat and few barriers to dispersal. Differences in beta diversity between groups are therefore likely due to dispersal distances. I found differences in turnover rates between species that decompose dead wood and those that attack living trees, and between species with different adult feeding habits. This suggests that management for simultaneous conservation and pest control is possible.     

苹果腐烂病的防治技术简

我国苹果产业近年得到迅猛发展,面积和产量均跃居世界第一,但受病害影响而需喷施大量化学农药,农残污染成为制约果品出口和食用安全的关键因素之一。既要控制病害又要减少用药,因而生物、物理防治在果树病害防治体系中占据愈来愈重要的地位。从苹果的腐烂病入手,主要论述腐烂病的病状、危害特征,提出一些较常用的化学防治、生物防治及相应的栽植管理技术。     

Ecological and aesthetic values in urban forest management

In the planning processes of urban forests there are frequent conflicting opinions about the extent to which forests should be managed. On the one hand, management is needed to deal with the intensive use of forests, as well as unfavourable growing conditions, security factors and aesthetic variables. On the other hand, there is an increasing demand for unmanaged areas which is based primarily on ecological arguments. This paper presents research that was conducted in connection with the participatory planning process of Helsinki City forests. The main aim of this research was to study whether aesthetic and ecological values can be combined in the management of urban forests. Furthermore, the stability of forest landscape preferences during the participatory planning process was studied, along with the representativeness of planning groups compared to larger user groups. The data was collected in planning group meetings and public hearings in Helsinki during 1998–2000. Respondents evaluated a set of photographs designed to cover the main conflict situations in urban forest management: Thinnings, understorey management, the leaving of dead snags and decaying ground-wood.

These results show that the majority of residents in Helsinki prefer managed forests. The preferences are, however, closely connected to the background characteristics of respondents. Younger residents with a higher education and active urban forest users prefer more ecologically-oriented management when compared to older residents with less education, or less active users. The individuals had a rather clear and relatively stable opinion of what constitutes suitable management in urban forests, but the views differed considerably as a whole. This means that a participatory planning process will typically lead to some type of compromise. Moreover, the planning groups in Helsinki reflected the opinions of the larger user groups rather well. This indicates that the currently used participatory planning approach sufficiently integrates public values into its planning process.     

森林经营对土壤动物影响研究进展

森林经营是实现森林可持续发展的根本途径,土壤动物是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,可对森林经营及其带来的变化及时做出反应。为了探讨土壤动物对森林经营措施的响应,归纳总结了森林经营理念的发展以及森林经营对土壤动物影响的文献资料。结果表明森林经营主要通过对地上结构和微环境的改变对地下土壤动物的群落组成、分解功能及生物指示功能等方面产生影响。在今后研究中应加强森林经营对土壤动物连续长期的动态影响研究,同时利用现代研究技术与方法深入探讨森林经营对土壤动物影响的机制研究。     

Forest stressors and roadside vegetation management in an exurban landscape

As part of the forest landscape, roadside trees are susceptible to multiple stressors that increase potential for tree damage during storm events and contribute to power outages. In exurban areas, decision-making related to the roadside forest is divided among many land ownerships and management entities with diverse objectives. Our objectives were to (1) identify general forest and roadside vegetation management objectives and challenges, (2) identify forest stressors and assess perceived severity and level of concern for forest stressor impacts to the roadside forest, and (3) evaluate manager interrelationships based on management objectives and challenges. We conducted semi-structured interviews with thirty-nine members of the forest management community who manage non-residential and non-industrial tracts of forest land in Connecticut, USA. Improving overall forest health and resilience, wildlife habitat, and forest products were the three most common general forest objectives. The two most frequently identified roadside objectives were public safety and mitigating hazardous conditions. The most common general forest management challenges included workforce limitations, financial constraints, and public perceptions. Support and satisfaction among the public and other stakeholders was the most frequently mentioned roadside forest management challenge. Although participants recognized the importance of roadside vegetation management, many avoided active management along roadsides. Immediate roadside vegetation issues such as public safety were prioritized rather than long-term planning. Stakeholders are constantly orchestrating a balance of numerous objectives as they integrate roadside vegetation considerations into broader forest management.     

南方冬闲田马铃薯种植面临病虫害的防治方法

阐述了我国人均耕地资源不足,利用南方冬闲田种植马铃薯可以在一定程度上减缓粮食安全压力,并据其在种植过程中可能面临的病虫害而提出防治方法。     

The importance of host characteristics and canopy openness for pest management in urban forests

Urban forests are important for the health of cities. These forests face high anthropogenic pressure, including demands on their multi-functional role. Therefore, the impact of pests-induced disturbances may be greater for urban forests than forests outside of cities. Monitoring of pests in their native environment is an important tool for the management of urban forests. To better understand how pest population density is affected by the forest environment, we used the Oak bark beetle, Scolytus intricatus, as a model organism. The study was carried out in 2014–2015 in the urban forests of Pardubice City, Czech Republic. Pest population density was studied at three levels: branch, tree and patch. The increasing branch diameter was identified as an important variable with a threshold of 70 mm for entrance holes and 45 mm for emergence holes. Increasing host tree diameter at breast height with a threshold of 46.8 cm was statistically significant at the tree level in terms of the number of entrance holes. Increasing spring canopy openness was identified as an important variable at the patch level with a threshold of 50.78% and had a decreasing trend for the number of reared adults and their total body size. Big oak trees with thick branches under closed spring canopy are the most susceptible to attack by S. intricatus. Based on our findings, we propose that the maintenance of mature oaks under open canopies is important for urban forest management. Avoiding mixed plantings of oaks and conifers should promote these open canopies and lead to multiple advantages regarding oak silviculture.     

福建油茶低产林成因及综合改造技术

油茶是我国特有的木本食用油料树种,具有很高的营养、保健和经济价值。文章分析福建油茶低产林的成因,并总结归纳改善林分结构、改善土壤条件、改良品种特性、加强病虫害防治以及放蜂授粉等低产综合改造技术措施,以期达到油茶丰产高产的目的。