不同瓤色西瓜功能成分比较

以红、黄、白3种瓤色的西瓜品种为试材,研究测定了不同瓤色西瓜品种中功能性成份的含量.结果表明:西瓜瓜瓤番茄红素含量在0.273～4.026 mg/100g FW;瓜氨酸含量在0.479～1.360 g/kg FW;维生素C的含量在1.141～4.720 mg/100g FW;红瓤和黄瓤西瓜蔗糖含量在5.342～6.937 g/kg FW,果糖在45.526～63.747 g/kg FW,葡萄糖的含量在13.761～32.380 g/kg FW.西瓜果肉中果糖最多,葡萄糖次之,蔗糖最少.蔗糖和果糖有显著的正相关性;瓤色与番茄红素含量呈显著正相关,瓤色、番茄红素含量与维生素C含量均呈显著负相关;瓜氨酸含量与瓤色、番茄红素含量、维生素C含量及糖含量无显著相关性.     

施钾对压砂西瓜产量和品质的影响

以“金城5号”西瓜为试材,通过田间小区试验,研究了不同供钾水平对压砂西瓜产量和品质的影响.结果表明:施用钾肥对压砂西瓜有显著的增产作用,与对照比较各处理增产率为3.3％～14.9％;施钾量在18 kg/hrm2范围内,增施钾肥可以提高压砂西瓜的维生素C含量、可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量,与对照比较,施钾量18 kg/hm处理的维生素C含量增加了14.6％,可溶性固形物含量提高了26.8％,可溶性糖含量提高了14.8％.综合考虑压砂西瓜的产量品质因素,当地压砂西瓜合理的施钾量应为18 kg/hm2.     

外施GA3对台农17号菠萝果实品质及内源激素的影响

为探究采前外施不同浓度GA₃对台农17号菠萝采后果实品质及内源激素含量变化的影响，共设置4个GA₃浓度处理，分别为50、100、150、200 mg/kg，以清水处理为对照(CK)。结果表明：150、200 mg/kg GA₃处理可增大果实体积、提高果实重量，100、150 mg/kg GA₃处理可增加果实甜度，其中100 mg/kg GA₃处理果实总糖含量最高；而150、200 mg/kg GA₃处理可降低果实可滴定酸含量、增大果实p H值，同时高浓度GA₃可提高果实糖酸比，从而影响果实的口感与风味；100 mg/kg GA₃处理还可提高果实维生素C含量，当GA₃处理浓度高于100mg/kg时反而降低了果实维生素C含量。此外，不同浓度GA₃处理对果实内源激素含量的影响较大，经GA₃处理后可增加果实内源GA₃含量，也可提高果实...     

钙对高锰诱发苹果粗皮病的矫正效应

为解决高锰引起苹果生理粗皮病发生的问题,2004年在施锰的基础上进行施钙矫正试验。结果表明,施锰400mg/kg同时施钙1000mg/kg,施锰600mg/kg同时施钙2000mg/kg,施锰800mg/kg同时施钙2500mg/kg可有效控制粗皮病的发生;施锰400mg/kg诱发叶片发病后,施钙2000mg/kg可有效控制粗皮病发生;施锰枝干发病后施钙,对粗皮病蔓延有一定控制作用,但效果不明显。施锰同时施钙,土壤、树体锰含量大幅度降低,土壤钙含量明显提高。     

西瓜有机无机专用肥施用效果试验

田间试验证实，有机无机西瓜专用肥可代替常规的无机复合肥，667m^2施150kg效果最佳。667m^2施150kg西瓜专用肥同常规的667m^2施100kg(有效成分45%）无机复合肥相比，不仅能明显提高西瓜叶片中叶绿素和氮、磷、钾的含量，而且可明显提高西瓜可溶性固形物、可溶性糖及维生素C的含量，667m^2一般可增产20%左右，增收200～350元。     

硒矿物生物有机肥料在关口葡萄上的应用

以关口葡萄为试材,研究了硒矿物生物有机肥料作基肥对关口葡萄果实硒含量及可溶性固形物含量的影响。结果表明,施用硒矿物生物有机肥料极显著提高了葡萄果实硒含量,施用硒矿物生物有机肥1000 kg/hm2、2000kg/hm2和3000 kg/hm2的处理果实硒含量可分别达到0.079 mg/kg、0.109 mg/kg、0.136 mg/kg。施用硒矿物生物有机肥极显著提高了葡萄果实可溶性固形物含量,施用硒矿物生物有机肥2000 kg/hm2和3000 kg/hm2的处理,果实可溶性固形物分别达13.02%和13.58%,比对照分别高0.68%和1.2%。     

外源激素对嫁接西瓜糖分积累的影响

通过不同浓度的赤霉素(GA)和脱落酸(ABA)在嫁接西瓜坐果后对果实进行喷施处理,进行比较试验.结果表明:50 mg/L GA、100mg/L GA、25 mg/L ABA和50 mg/L ABA的处理对嫁接西瓜果实内糖代谢相关酶活性的调节,均不同程度的提高了嫁接西瓜果实内可溶性总糖的含量,其中以50 mg/L ABA处理的效果最好.     

0.1％氯吡脲可溶性液剂对三倍体西瓜果实生长和品质的影响

为探索氯吡脲对三倍体西瓜果实生长和品质的影响,于2013年进行了田间试验。试验结果表明,0．1％氯吡脲可溶性液剂均匀喷洒三倍体西瓜子房可显著提高其坐果率,同时在一定程度上会使果柄增粗、果皮变厚,但对三倍体西瓜中心糖含量和空心率没有明显影响．适宜使用浓度为30mg／kg（有效含量）。     

有机肥配施对日光温室草莓产量和品质的效应

研究在不施用化肥的条件下,EM微生物菌剂发酵处理后的不同有机肥配合施用对日光温室草莓产量和品质的影响。结果表明,基肥和追肥均配合施用60%鸡粪+20%羊粪+20%猪粪后,日光温室草莓产量最高、品质最好,比施用单一有机肥增产22.38%³7.13%,可溶性糖含量提高0.3937.13%,可溶性糖含量提高0.39⁰.77百分点,维生素C含量提高58.700.77百分点,维生素C含量提高58.70¹01.85 mg/kg,可滴定酸含量降低0.19101.85 mg/kg,可滴定酸含量降低0.19⁰.27百分点,硝酸盐含量降低22.340.27百分点,硝酸盐含量降低22.34³2.19 mg/kg,同时,株高、株幅、单株总叶面积、单株花序数、单果重均明显增加。     

西瓜种质资源番茄红素含量比较研究

以44个二倍体西瓜品种为试材,分析比较了西瓜品种中心和边缘部位番茄红素的含量及其与西瓜瓤色和可溶性固形物含量的相关性,以期为西瓜优质育种中亲本选配及高番茄红素西瓜育种提供依据.结果表明:红瓤与黄瓤西瓜中番茄红素含量变化很大,红瓤西瓜品种中心部位含量范围在3.687～4.039 mg/100gFW,边缘部位含量范围在3.473～3.953 mg/100gFW,黄瓤西瓜品种中心部位含量范围在0.518～0.955 mg/100gFW,边缘部位含量范围在0.435～0.905mg/100gFW.中心和边缘部位番茄红素含量呈极显著的正相关,相关系数为0.987;中心和边缘部位番茄红素含量与瓤色表现为极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.8135和0.8044,与可溶性固形物含量相关性不显著.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.