百合鳞片离体培养的研究

以'布鲁拉诺'、'提伯'和'索蚌'3个百合品种的鳞片为外植体,比较了不同的消毒方法、不同品种、不同取材部位及接种方法对百合鳞片离体培养的影响.结果表明,最佳的消毒方法是0.1%升汞消毒8 min,污染率较低,成活率最高,可达90.9%,且采用小鳞茎整体消毒可以有效降低污染率.不同百合品种分化小鳞茎的能力有较大差异,分化能力依次为'布鲁拉诺'＞'索蚌'＞'提伯'.百合鳞片不同部位分化小鳞茎的能力从大到小依次为下部、中部、上部.近轴面向上接种的鳞片分化能力强于远轴面向上,小鳞茎再生率最高,可达100%.     

辣椒花药培养消毒技术分析

为了增加辣椒花药培养的存活率,减少花药污染率,以污染严重的1种辣椒为试材,采用2种不同的消毒液(0.1%HgCl_2,5%NaClO),并在消毒液中分别加入0.2%吐温20进行表面消毒比较。结果表明,0.1%HgCl_2比5%NaClO穿透能力强,前者消毒效果比后者好。2种消毒剂中分别加入0.2%吐温20时,5%NaClO溶液消毒花蕾时随消毒时间的增加污染率减少,存活率升高。而用加入吐温20的0.1%HgCl_2的溶液消毒时,污染率表现出8 min10 min6 min,没有表现出5%NaClO溶液消毒效果的规律。0.1%HgCl_2消毒10 min消毒效果最优,花药存活率最高,消毒液不用加吐温20。     

不同消毒方法在洋葱组织培养中的应用及优化

分析不同消毒方法对洋葱种子处理影响的重要性,以便科学地筛选出主要因素及最优方案。对试验结果进行χ2检验、响应面法分析,结果表明,浸泡方法与时间对污染率、发芽率都有显著影响;三种不同杀菌剂处理对洋葱种子发芽率有显著影响;70%酒精对污染率、发芽率无显著影响,10%次氯酸钠有显著影响,两者与污染率Y1、发芽率Y2呈显著的二次回归函数关系;不同消毒液处理对污染率有显著影响。综合得出:在不含洗涤剂的温水中浸泡12 h,此时污染率低,发芽率高;不添加任何杀菌剂处理最好;70%酒精处理(x1)2 min,与10%次氯酸钠处理(x2)10 min组合时,洋葱种子发芽率44.12%最高,污染率52.89%最低;0.1%HgCl2和Tween20按比例10 000∶1的混合溶液消毒10 min结果最为理想。     

葡萄柚成年态茎段外植体的消毒与抗褐化

以葡萄柚不同品种的成年态茎段为外植体,研究了不同茎段长度、品种、消毒方式及培养基对葡萄柚成年态茎段消毒以及防褐化的影响。结果表明:2cm大小茎段消毒效果最好,污染率最低,萌芽率最高。不同品种的污染率和发芽率存在差异,"里约红"污染率最低,"星路比"污染率较高,但萌芽率最高。用75%酒精处理20s,5%NaClO溶液处理20min,放置48h后,再用5%NaClO溶液处理20min,污染率最低达21.3%,为最佳消毒方法。NaClO二次消毒后接种于WPM+100mg·L~(-1)半胱氨酸培养基上可有效控制褐化,污染率最低为15.6%,萌芽率最高为83.1%。     

百合品种离体培养的研究

对"布鲁拉诺"、"索蚌"、"提伯"3个百合品种的离体培养进行了比较研究.结果表明:接种百合鳞片外植体的最佳消毒方法是0.1%升汞消毒8 min,污染率较低,为11.0%,而成活率最高,可达88.0%;采用小鳞茎整体消毒可以有效降低污染率,污染率为0.0%;不同百合品种分化小鳞茎的能力有较大差异,分化能力依次为"布鲁拉诺"＞"索蚌"＞"提伯";在继代增殖培养中,"布鲁拉诺"的增殖系数最高,迭5.0,其次为"索蚌","提伯"最低,为4.2;3个百合品种的试管苗生根率都较高,其中"布鲁拉诺"最高,为92.0%,"索蚌"87.5%,"提伯"83.3%.     

朝鲜蓟外植体消毒方法探索

将朝鲜蓟种子、叶柄、嫩叶等外植体采用不同的消毒组合进行消毒对比,摸索出朝鲜蓟的最佳消毒方法,从而顺利建立朝鲜蓟外植体进行试管苗快速繁殖体系.将朝鲜蓟不同的外植体部位采用多种消毒组合,通过对比分析,总结出朝鲜蓟试管繁殖的最适消毒组合为:75%酒精15 s+2%NaClO 10 min+0.1%HgCl215 min对种子消毒效果最理想;75%酒精15 s+2%NaClO 8 min+0.1%HgCl212 min对叶柄消毒效果最适合;0.1%HgCl215 min对嫩叶消毒效果最佳.     

濒危植物单性木兰外植体启动培养

以单性木兰(Kmeria septentrionalis)种子、带有腋芽的茎段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基探讨不同消毒剂、消毒时间以及不同的培养基配方对单性木兰诱导不定芽及愈伤组织的启动培养研究。结果表明:种子外植体以37%Na Cl O溶液联合0.1%Hg Cl2溶液的效果优于75%乙醇联合0.1%Hg Cl2溶液的消毒效果,且37%Na Cl O 10min+0.1%Hg Cl210min的消毒效果最佳,污染率为13.3%。带有腋芽的茎段作为外植体,75%乙醇50s+0.1%Hg Cl218min时消毒效果最好,污染率为9%。培养基MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+KT 2.0mg/L+2,4-D 0.5mg/L可以诱导腋芽和愈伤组织的生长,启动率是70%。     

浓硫酸处理黑莓种子的发芽试验

采用浓硫酸浸种处理黑莓种子5、10、15、20、30、40、50、60 min,结果表明:种子的发芽率分别为26%、39%、45%、63%、75%、75%、74%、72%,而对照只有4%,表明浓硫酸处理的最佳时间为30～60 min,可获得较高的发芽率.此外,通过不同温度试验可知黑莓种子发芽最适温度为25～30℃.     

不同消毒剂和不同浓度激素对鹿茸草外植体诱导研究

以江西赣州信丰县野生鹿茸草茎段和种子为材料,研究了75%酒精、0.1%升汞、2%次氯酸钠等不同消毒剂在不同处理时间对外植体的消毒效果,以及用不同浓度的6-BA和NAA组合对外植体诱导率的影响。结果表明:(1)用75%酒精消毒30s后再用2%次氯酸钠处理10min,对种子消毒效果最好,其污染率只有6%,存活率高达96%;(2)用75%酒精消毒30s后再用0.1%升汞处理7min,对茎段消毒效果较好,其污染率为26%,存活率达35%;(3)最适合江西野生鹿茸草外植体诱导的培养基为MS+6-BA2.5g/L+N AA 0.1mg/L,诱导率高达98%。     

洋甘菊的组织培养技术

以洋甘菊(Matricaria chamomilla L.)的嫩茎和幼叶为外植体,采用单因子试验方法,研究不同消毒措施、不同激素浓度配比对洋甘菊愈伤组织诱导的影响,以期为建立洋甘菊再生体系以及通过基因工程手段改良洋甘菊提供参考依据。结果表明:洋甘菊幼嫩的茎段为组织培养的最佳外植体材料,愈伤组织的诱导率高达90%;以幼嫩茎段为外植体,最佳灭菌措施为新鲜的嫩茎用无菌水冲洗30min,75%的酒精浸泡10s,3.5%的次氯酸钠浸泡10min,诱导率高达86.7%,污染率低至13.3%;其愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5mg·L~(-1)+NAA 1.2mg·L~(-1)。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.