几种电解质缓解产蛋鸡热应激的试验

为了进一步肯定电解质的抗热应激作用.我们于1990年夏季在鸡场再次进行了试验,取得了较好的结果,现报告如下。材料与方法 1.试验动物与分组:将270只392日龄(56周龄)仍在产蛋的伊莎商品蛋鸡随机分成三组,每组90只,分别饲养于同一鸡舍的三组品字形蛋鸡笼内。第一组在日粮中加1％氯化铵和0.5％碳酸氢钠;第二组在饮水中     

封闭群新西兰实验兔生长及繁殖性能的研究

封闭群新西兰实验兔生长及繁殖性能的研究恽时锋（南京军区南京总医院动物实验科，南京２１０００２）新西兰兔具有生长繁殖迅速、体型适中、性情温驯、对皮肤刺激及热源等反应敏感、免疫反应性能优良等特点而被广泛应用于生物医学各领域的实验研究。１９８７年我院引进新...     

热应激对母猪生产性能的影响及缓解热应激的营养方案

热应激是指处于高温环境中的动物机体对热环境所产生的非特异性生理反应的总和。热应激会导致母猪采食量减少,哺乳性能下降,哺乳期体重损失增加,子宫炎、乳房炎、无乳综合征等发病率增加,死胎率上升,产仔数减少,仔猪腹泻率升高、成活率下降等一系列问题,严重制约了母猪的生产效益。本文主要对母猪热应激产生的原因、危害、防控措施及缓解母猪热应激的营养方案进行概述。     

电解质维生素对热应激肉鸭生长性能和抗氧化系统的影响

选取1日龄仙湖肉鸭600只,随机分为2组,每组3个重复。在高温环境下,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮上添加0.1%的电解质维生素,探讨其对肉鸭生产性能、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组平均日增重显著提高6.38%(P0.05);成活率提高1.25%,日采食量提高4.90%,饲料转化率降低1.25%,但差异不显著(P0.05)。每周龄试验组肉鸭血液中SOD的活性均高于对照组,其中在2周龄和4周龄分别达显著(P0.05)和极显著水平(P0.01)。试验组肉鸭血液中MDA的含量明显低于对照组,其中从3周龄至7周龄间差异达显著水平(P0.05)。总体看来,电解质维生素可提高肉鸭血液中SOD活性,降低MDA含量,改善肉鸭的生长性能。     

维生素C缓解动物热应激机理的探讨

热应激给畜牧业生产造成一定的损失。维生素C对缓解动物热应激有一定作用。作者就动物热应激的机理、维生素C的生理功能及维生素C缓解热应激的机理进行综述。     

福建地方兔与新西兰白兔生长及屠宰性能比较

福建黄兔与黑毛福建兔(在龙岩市上杭县俗称通贤乌兔)都是福建省地方优良兔种,具有适应性广、抗病力强、繁殖率高、胴体品质好和药用功能强等优点,素有"药膳兔"之称,市场畅销,近年来在福建省的饲养量逐年上升.新西兰白兔是世界著名的中型肉兔品种,具有生长发育快、产肉性能好、饲料报酬高等特点.     

热应激对奶牛生产性能的影响及缓解措施

奶牛经过不断选育,产奶量不断提高,但高产奶量增加了奶牛机体产生的热量,在周围环境温度和湿度不断增加的情况下,热量会积累加剧,进而导致热应激的发生。为了散热,奶牛启动一系列的适应机制,包括增加呼吸频率、出汗等,长期则导致生产性能和繁殖性能的下降,极大地影响了奶牛养殖业的发展。因此,本文通过对奶牛热应激评定、热应激对奶牛的影响及缓解热应激措施进行综述,以期为缓解奶牛热应激提供有效的综合方案。     

维生素E防治肉鸡热应激机理的初步研究

将１２０只ＡＡ肉鸡饲养于高温（２７℃～３５℃）、高湿（８３％～９０％）环境中，检测３０，５０日龄血液生化及内分泌指标的变化，以研究维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）防治肉鸡热应激的机理。结果表明，补给ＶＥ后肉鸡血清甲状腺激素、总蛋白、白蛋白、钾、钙、磷含量及乳酸脱氢酶活性显著增加，血清尿素氮、氯及肌酸磷酸激酶活性、血清皮质醇含量显著下降，但对血清钠和血糖含量影响不大。由此可见，ＶＥ防治肉鸡热应激的机理可归因于ＶＥ对肉鸡内分泌功能、蛋白质及糖代谢、电解质及酸碱平衡的调节作用。     

热应激条件下复合添加剂对奶牛生产性能和生理指标的影响

试验选择22头处于泌乳中期的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组饲喂常规日粮,试验组日粮中添加复合添加剂。结果表明:复合添加剂对奶牛干物质采食量没有影响;试验组奶牛产奶量比对照组提高了1.52%(P0.05),对照组奶牛产奶量比试验前下降了16.36%,而试验组提高了1.45%;复合添加剂除可明显降低乳脂率外(P0.05),对其他乳成分基本没有影响;与对照组比较,试验组的直肠温度显著降低(P0.05),呼吸频率显著升高(P0.05)。     

甜菜碱在急性热应激下对肉鸡血清离子浓度的影响

1 前言 　热应激是指动物受到超过自身体温调节能力的过高温度刺激时所引起的非特异性应答反应.热应激会造成动物体内血液电解质和酸碱平衡失调,在热刺激下出现热喘息、呼吸次数增加、血中CO2排出过多、pH值升高.为了保持平衡,通过肾排出血液中Na^＋、K^＋等离子来降低血液pH值,引起血中钠、钾离子水平下降,导致血浆渗透压降低,肾上腺皮质分泌醛固酮增加。     

热应激条件下蛋鸡的营养调控措旆

热应激通常是指动物机体处于高温环境中所产生的一系列非特异性应答反应的总和。家禽具有体温高、代谢旺盛、无汗腺、羽毛厚不易散热等特点，对高温环境反应较敏感且耐受力差。因此在高温环境下容易发生热应激。一般认为，产蛋鸡适宜温度为13-27℃，当环境温度高于32℃时，就会使鸡．处于应激状态，引起鸡生理及精神上的一系列不良反应。成年家禽常表现为难以维持正常体温，当环境温度高于37℃时，其生理功能趋于紊乱。热应激状态影响鸡采食和营养物质的吸收代谢，进而影响鸡的健康和生产性能，甚至导致发病或死亡，大大减少了养殖者的经济效益。日粮中营养物质含量影响鸡的产热和热应激时的生理状况，因此，在做好防暑降温工作的同时调整日粮中营养物质的供给是缓解热应激的重要途径之一。所以，应针对热应激状态下的营养需要．适当调罄饲料配方．以便更有效地缓解热应激。     

Replacement of berseem hay by Salix tetrasperma on physiological performance of New Zealand White rabbits under subtropical conditions of Egypt

Forty-eight growing New Zealand White male rabbits aged 6 weeks (874?±?1.3 g initial body weight (BW)) were used to study effects of partial replacement of berseem hay (BH) with Salix tetrasperma hay (ST) on growth and physiological responses. Rabbits were allotted to one of four diets of 12 rabbits each for 75 days in a completely randomized design. The treatments were as follows: control (30 % BH), ST25 (7.5 % ST?+?22.5 % BH), ST50 (15 % ST?+?15 % BH), ST75 (22.5 % ST?+?7.5 % BH). Nutrient digestibility coefficients, nutritive value and N utilization of rabbits fed with the ST50 rations were higher (P?P?P??ST25 and ST50?>?control. Glucose level was higher (P?P?P?相似文献   

家兔热应激研究进展

夏季高温高湿的气候极易引起家兔的热应激反应,导致生长性能、繁殖性能和抗氧化能力降低,阻碍兔产业的健康发展。文章综述热应激对家兔行为及生理生化指标、生产性能、繁殖性能等方面的影响,家兔热应激期的分子调控机制,以及热应激的营养调控措施,旨在为制定家兔热应激调控策略提供参考。     

蛋鸡抗热应激添加剂研究

在影响蛋鸡生产性能的诸多因素中,环境温度最为突出。产蛋鸡的适宜环境温度为13-20℃,气温高于其上限,蛋鸡就会发生热应激而影响生产性能,降低产蛋率和饲料报酬等,给生产带来严重损失。目前提出和采用的一些减轻家禽热应     

抗热应激剂对高温条件下生长猪生产性能和代谢的影响

选取体重约 2 0kg的杜× (长×大 )杂交猪 90头 ,随机分为 5个处理 ,每个处理 3个重复 ,每重复 6头 ,单栏饲养于试验猪舍内。各组分别饲喂含不同抗热应激剂的饲粮 ,对照组不含抗热应激剂 ,试验组依次添加中草药添加剂 2 %、蛋氨酸锌 5 30mg/kg、吡啶甲酸铬 2 0 0mg/kg和酸化剂 15 0 0mg/kg ,饲养期 4 9d。试验结果表明 :①含抗热应激剂各试验组的日增重和采食量均高于对照组 ,而蛋氨酸锌组和吡啶甲酸铬组的料重比均低于对照组 ;②从血清生化指标看 ,酸化剂组BUN(P <0 .0 5 )和SOD值 (P <0 .0 1)显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。而各组的TG和MDA差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。总之 ,中草药添加剂、蛋氨酸锌、吡啶甲酸铬和酸化剂均能增强生长猪在高温条件下的蛋白质分解和糖异生作用 ,进而改善生产性能     

Effect of dietary crude protein level on the reproductive performance and growth of New Zealand white rabbits

An experiment utilizing 391 preweaning and 187 postweaning litter records from 145 does was conducted for 12 mo to determine the effect of dietary crude protein level on performance of commercial New Zealand White rabbits. Does and their litters were fed alfalfa-based pelleted diets containing either 17.5, 19 or 20.5% crude protein (CP). In a separate experiment, the 17.5 and 20.5% CP diets were fed during lactation to 10 does to determine nitrogen (N) digestibility and retention. Body weights of does fed 17.5% CP were lower (P less than .01) than for the other treatments after 21 and 28 d of lactation. No differences (P greater than .10) were observed for doe weight at kindling, percentage fertility, litter size, preweaning litter mortality, 1- to 21-d consumption, preweaning feed efficiency and 28- to 56-d average daily consumption, average daily gain and average weight. Total born tended to be higher (P = .07) on higher protein levels but percentage born alive was greatest (P less than .01) on the 17.5% CP diet. Does fed 19% CP tended to have a greater number of parities (P = .06). Other significant differences observed for preweaning litter traits were between 17.5 and 19% CP groups. Does fed 19% CP had heavier litters at birth (P less than .01), at 21 d (P = .05) and 28 d (P = .06) and had greater 1- to 21-d litter gains and 21- to 28-d consumption (P = .05) than those fed 17.5% CP. For postweaning performance, feed efficiency values were lowest and mortality was highest for litters fed 20.5% CP. When litters were switched to different diets after weaning, mortality tended to be higher (P = .07) for animals that were fed 20.5% CP before weaning. The month of experiment effect did not influence any of the characters studied (P greater than .05). Parity number was important for percentage fertility, percentage born alive, litter birth weight and doe weight at 21 and 28 d (P less than .05). Does at first parity showed the poorest performance for all traits (except percentage fertility). Fertility fluctuated throughout the first four parities and then steadily declined. Does fed 20.5% CP had greater apparent dry matter and acid detergent fiber digestibilities and N intakes (P less than .05) and retained 90% more N during lactation (P = .22) than does fed 17.5% CP. Milk production and CP digestibility did not differ between the two diets tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

中药添加剂对热应激状态下蛋鸡生产性能的影响

为降低蛋鸡在夏季因热应激带来的损失,在饲料中按1.5%添加一定中药成分,与正常对照组相比添加药物的蛋鸡抗热应激的能力显著提高,蛋鸡产蛋率增加,相应提高蛋鸡的生产能力,增加养殖利润。