鸡蛋、乌鸡蛋、鹌鹑蛋营养成分的测定比较

禽蛋是人们生活中的重要营养源,是天然食物中最理想的蛋白质。本试验测定了鸡蛋、乌鸡蛋和鹌鹑蛋中的水分、脂肪、蛋白质、磷脂、胆固醇、维生素B2和氨基酸的含量,通过数据对比分析,得到如下结果:乌鸡蛋具有较高的营养价值,鹌鹑蛋由于含有很高的胆固醇,并不适合老年人的食用。鸡蛋的蛋白质、磷脂和氨基酸含量均低于乌鸡蛋和鹌鹑蛋,其营养价值最低。     

The hen's egg: Density of egg shell and egg contents

One hundred eggs were used, from hens of seven widely differing strains: two commercial brown‐egg hybrids (one British, one American), two commercial white‐egg hybrids (one British, one Canadian), one broiler strain, one highly inbred strain of laboratory White Leghorns and one laboratory strain of Brown Leghorns. The volume occupied by the shell of each egg was estimated from its surface area—itself estimated by means of a three‐parameter model (Carter, 1968)— and its mean thickness, measured with an anvil micrometer. The volume occupied by the egg contents was estimated by subtracting the shell volume from the egg volume, which was also estimated by means of the three‐parameter model. Mean overall shell density (counting as “shell” all mineral matter and spaces between the outer surface of the mineral shell and a surface through the tips of the mammillae) was estimated, by regressing shell weight on shell volume, to be 2.241 ±0.004 g./cm.³; covariance analysis showed that the strains were homogeneous in this respect. Mean incremental shell density (i.e. the density of shell distal to the mammillary region) was estimated, by regressing shell weight per unit surface area on shell thickness, to be 2.386±0.004 g./cm.³; the strains were homogeneous in this respect too. The mean depth of the intermammillary spaces was estimated to be 19.9 μ. All the residual deviation from the common regression line can be attributed to measurement error. The estimated density of incremental shell is lower than that of calcite; the packing fraction of the crystals in the shell aggregate and/or the atoms in the crystals was estimated to be 92.8 per cent. The density of the egg contents (at the temperature of the bird) was estimated by regressing weight of contents on volume of contents; covariance analysis revealed significant differences between strains, one of the brown‐egg hybrids having the highest density of egg contents, 1.045 g/cm.³, and the laboratory Brown Leghorns the lowest, 1.033; both commercial white‐egg hybrid strains gave a value of 1.040 g./cm.³.     

The estimation of egg weight from egg gradings

A method is described for the estimation of mean egg weight from data giving the proportions of eggs in different weight grades. Tables are presented in which mean egg weights have been calculated for a range of grading figures, using both the British Egg Marketing Board and the European Economic Community grading systems.     

Mexican egg producer ranks as world's second largest egg company

PROAN公司是一家综合型现代化禽蛋生产商和动物蛋白食品供应公司. Prote í na动物有限公司(Prote i na Animal SA de CV)饲养了2 520万羽蛋鸡,是全球第二大、墨西哥和拉丁美洲第一大禽蛋生产商.该公司以首写字母缩写PROAN或“San Juan”蛋而被人们熟知.“San Juan”蛋以公司总部所在地圣胡安-德洛斯拉戈斯(San Juan de los Lagos)的名称命名,它地处墨西哥哈利斯科州(State of Jalisco)的洛斯阿尔托斯地区(Los Altos).     

Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccination: effects on egg transmission and egg production

The effects of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) vaccination on egg transmission of MG and egg production were evaluated. Leghorn hens vaccinated with live MG (strain F), with strain F plus MG bacterin, with one dose of MG bacterin, or with two doses of MG bacterin all transmitted MG through the egg at a significantly lower level than unvaccinated controls. Hens vaccinated with two doses of MG bacterin had the longest lag before detectable transmission of MG through the egg. All vaccinated groups were protected against the egg-production drop seen in unvaccinated hens challenged with virulent MG.     

The hen's egg: Incidence and inheritance of some egg abnormalities

1. More than 9000 eggs, each laid by a known hen, were examined and malformations of six types recorded: double‐yolked, A, B, rough, shell‐less and thin‐shelled.

2. A and B malformations are those seen in, respectively, an egg that is held in the shell gland for an abnormally long period and one that reaches the shell gland while an A‐egg is still there; many of the eggs recorded as rough‐shelled were probably A‐eggs for which the corresponding B‐eggs had been lost.

3. The birds were of three strains: a medium‐body‐weight brown‐egg‐laying strain and a White Leghorn strain, both of commercial origin, and a laboratory strain of Brown Leghorns.

4. The incidences of egg malformation in the three strains were 8.3, 9.2 and 0.5%.

5. A‐, B‐ and rough‐shelled eggs constituted more than two‐thirds of all malformed eggs.

6. Evidence from two generations suggests that these malformations have a high heritability.     

蛋鸡饲喂芽孢杆菌制剂对鸡蛋蛋品质及营养成分的影响

本试验旨在研究芽孢杆菌制剂对"京粉一号"蛋鸡蛋品质及蛋营养成分的影响。选择健康、产蛋均匀的259日龄的"京粉一号"蛋鸡3 600只,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复300只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加3%的芽孢杆菌制剂,进行为期40 d的试验。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组蛋壳硬度、哈夫单位以及蛋黄颜色均有不同程度地提高(P>0.05);在反映蛋的物理指标上,试验组蛋黄重和蛋黄相对重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),蛋清相对重显著低于对照组(P<0.05),蛋黄蛋白比有升高的趋势(P>0.05);同时,试验组蛋黄中脂肪和水分含量显著降低(P<0.05),蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05)。试验表明:在蛋鸡日粮中添加芽孢杆菌制剂,对蛋品质具有一定的改善作用;可显著提高蛋黄重、蛋黄相对重,降低蛋清相对重。同时,可减少蛋黄中脂肪和水分含量,增加蛋白的含量。     

Heritabilities and correlations for egg shell crack frequency,body checking,egg number and egg weight in laying hens

1. Egg shell cracks and body checking were assessed on a total of 25 776 eggs collected from 744 hens of two selected White Leghorn strains between 65 and 72 weeks of age.

2. The sire‐component heritabilities in the two strains, respectively, were 0–59 ± 0.23 and 0.36 ± 0.20 for total cracks and 0.41 ± 0.20 and 0.49 ± 0.22 for body checking. The heritabilities for hole, star and hair cracks ranged from ‐0.03 ± 0.13 to 0.66 ± 0.24.

3. The frequency of total cracks did not bear any significant antagonistic relationship with body checking, egg number and egg weight. Body checking had variable relationship with egg number and egg weight. The correlations of shell cracks and body checking with each other and with egg number and egg weight appeared to vary between the strains.     

近期蛋价趋势分析

受诸多因素影响,江苏海安县及周边地区鸡蛋的价格由中秋节前（9月12日）的7．60元／千克逐日降至9月20日6．20元／千克,9月26日、27日仅剩6．00元／千克。前后仅十多天的时间,鸡蛋的价格如江河日下,无论是下降速度和下降幅度都实属罕见。笔者为剖析这一问题,故对整个禽蛋产业链上的相关业主进行了的调查,现将调查了解的情况阐述如下,供业界同仁参考。     

Partitioning of the response to protein between egg number and egg weight

1. Data from published trials with laying hens were examined to see whether the concentration of dietary protein needed to achieve maximum egg weight was greater than the amount needed to achieve maximum rate of lay. 2. It is concluded that both rate of lay and egg weight continue to show small responses up to the same level of protein (or limiting amino acid) input. 3. When predicting egg output using asymptotic models, a reasonable assumption is that small increments in dietary protein, close to the optimum, will evoke equal proportional responses in egg size and in rate of lay. 4. When protein supply is severely limiting, the major response is a reduction in rate of lay. Egg weight seldom falls below 0.90 of its maximum value, however inadequate the protein intake may be.     

Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccination: further studies on egg transmission and egg production

Leghorn hens vaccinated twice with an inactivated Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) bacterin before egg production and subsequently challenged with virulent MG were protected against transmission of MG through the egg. Unvaccinated control hens transmitted MG through the egg at a high rate. When unvaccinated hens were vaccinated with MG bacterin 2 weeks after challenge with MG, there was no significant decrease in egg transmission. Hens vaccinated twice before laying did not suffer as severe egg-production drops as unvaccinated hens did when challenged with virulent MG. In a natural MG outbreak in a leghorn breeder flock, 50 hens were separated from the remainder of the flock and vaccinated with MG bacterin approximately 3 weeks after initial exposure. The unvaccinated hens transmitted MG through the egg at a rate three times higher than the rate of transmission of the vaccinated hens.     

异常蛋辨析

所谓异常蛋,是指禽类所产之蛋的外部形态和内部构造与正常蛋不同者的总称。种禽所产的异常蛋不能做种蛋,非种禽所产的异常蛋有的也不能食用,因而异常蛋会给养禽业带来一定的损失。异常蛋从大的方面可分为外观异常蛋和蛋内异常蛋两种。 1.外观异常蛋 1.1大小异常蛋 1.1.1过大蛋 也称巨形蛋,一般重量比普通蛋重30％～70％,但也有超正常10多倍的特大异常蛋。如湖南省于忠华的鸡产下了一枚重700g的特大异常蛋(正常鸡蛋重54～65g);山东省曲金寿养的鹅曾多次产下375g(正常鹅蛋120～160g)的过大蛋。这种过大蛋多为双黄或     

Trimethylamine and egg taint

1. The sensory qualities of "crabby", "fishy" tainted eggs are closely similar to those of an aqueous solution of trimethylamine (1 x 10(-2) microgram/g). 2. The odour threshold of trimethylamine in water is 5 +/- 1 x 10(-4) microgram/g. 3. The taint occurs in eggs which contain more than 0.8 microgram/g trimethylamine. The reasons why this concentration is higher than that in water are discussed.     

褐壳蛋鸡蛋壳颜色的形成机理及其泛白原因分析

褐壳蛋鸡蛋壳颜色的深浅与蛋的销路密切相关。所以熏很多养殖户对蛋壳颜色非常关注熏很在意观察蛋壳颜色的变化,并常常把它的变化与所喂饲料联系在一起。常有养殖户发问:“鸡蛋壳又变白变浅了,是饲料的毛病?还是鸡又闹什么病呢?”。针对这些情况熏现就蛋壳颜色的问题和大家作一交流。1蛋壳颜色的形成1.1品种因素蛋壳颜色是最直观的品种特性。目前大群饲养的有色蛋鸡品种多为从国外引进的褐壳蛋鸡。有研究表明熏蛋壳颜色有较高的遗传力,蛋壳色泽遗传为0.58～0.76。且壳色性状为多基因影响,褐色基因依个体遗传结构的差异,表现出由棕色到浅褐不…     

珍珠鸡蛋重和蛋形指数对孵化效果的影响

珍珠鸡具有生长快、食性广、适应性强、肉质细嫩、味道鲜美等特点,是纯天然的绿色滋补保健食品.随着市场经济的发展和膳食结构的改变,常规禽类养殖已经难以满足人们对更高经济利润和珍稀动物食品的需求,各类野生及经济动物的养殖正应势兴起.