松针叶绿素铜钠的研制和应用

从皂化的松针软膏制备松针叶绿索铜钠的最适工艺:叶绿酸钠澄清用水量为松针软膏重量的5倍;叶绿酸钠沉淀时,20％浓度硫酸铜溶掖用量为松针软膏重量的10—11％。按本工艺操作,叶绿素铜钠得率为松针软膏重的20—24％。 松针叶绿素铜钠是一种糊状产品,外观为兰绿色,经分析测定,产品中含有固体物质50—60％,pH10—11,叶绿素含量7000—8000毫克/公斤,吸光比2.30—3.48。应用试验表明,该产品可作化妆品中生物活性成分。     

松突圆蚧危害程度划分的研究

松突圆蚧(Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi)是近几年发现危害马尾松林成灾性害虫,其危害情况已有了一些报道。松突圆蚧危害程度的划分目前尚无统一的标准,有的用松针上的虫口密度,有的采用危害症状划分,但无具体的划分指标。为此,笔者自1988年起,用表征划分法对松林的被害程度进行了分类,并用解析木的生长材料进行了校验,现将结果     

亚高山暗针叶林凋落物的分解过程

凋落物是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,其分解过程是森林生态系统养分循环的重要环节。准确测定凋落物的分解动态,对研究森林生态系统的格局和过程非常重要。本文的工作在贡嘎山高山生态系统观测试验站开展,对海拔3 000 m的峨眉冷杉(Abies fabri)林进行定位观测,并对峨眉冷杉林凋落物分解过程进行了长期测定。研究结果表明:(1)凋落物的分解速率是阔叶>针叶>枯枝,峨眉冷杉林的阔叶、针叶和枯枝等凋落物分解一半所需要的时间分别为6.8年、10.5年和14.5年,分解95%所需时间分别为29.3年、45.6年和63.1年;(2)无论阔叶还是针叶、枯枝,其有机碳含量均随着时间的推移而下降,而有机碳分解率均随着时间而增高;利用指数衰减模型,获得凋落物有机碳的分解系数是阔叶>针叶>枯枝;(3)在每年凋落物输入峨眉冷杉林林地时,其中的阔叶、针叶和枯枝已经开始分解,当年可释放的有机碳分别为52.18 kg·hm^-2、4.32 kg·hm^-2和0.67 kg·hm^-2,各类凋落物每年有机碳释放总量为61.13 kg·hm^-2,占凋落时有机碳量的6.58%。     

Exploring the relationship between reflectance red edge and chlorophyll concentration in slash pine leaves

Chlorophyll concentration is related positively to the point of maximum slope in the reflectance spectra of leaves and this point is termed the red edge. The reflectance spectra of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) needles were measured in the field and the chlorophyll concentrations of the same needles were measured in the laboratory. The measurement errors for red edge and chlorophyll concentration were determined to be 2.2 nm (3% of mean) and 0.35 mg g(-1) (19% of mean), respectively. The red edge-chlorophyll concentration relationship was strong (r(2) = 0.82, n = 152). A red edge-chlorophyll concentration relationship for n = 100 was used with red edge measurements to estimate chlorophyll concentration with an rms error of 0.31 mg g(-1) (17% of mean, n = 52). The entire red edge-chlorophyll concentration relationship for n = 152 was also used with red edge measurements to estimate the chlorophyll concentration of samples from an earlier experiment with an rms error of 0.47 mg g(-1) (30% of mean, n = 38). We conclude that measures of red edge can be used to estimate the chlorophyll concentration of detached needles in the field with an accuracy similar to that obtained by conventional laboratory measurements.     

杉木人工林氮素营养的叶绿素诊断指标的研究

１９８７至１９８８年在江西省枫树山林场浮东分场设置了代表５、１０、２０年生杉木林分和好、差立地条件的六块标准地，观测杉木叶绿素、精氨酸和氨态氮含量在不同林龄、立地条件及不同立木级间的差异及其季节变化动态。生长盛期各林龄之间叶绿素含量相差不大，初期和末期则有明显差异。生长盛期叶绿素含量远高于初期和末期，尤其是第二个生长高峰期。各生育期不同林龄针叶叶绿素含量大多表现为好地高于差地，第二个生长高峰期为地上５、１０和２０年生优势木针叶叶绿素含量分别达２．５０，２．２４和２．１４ｍｇ／ｇｆ．ｗ。初期和第一、第二生长盛期杉木针叶叶绿素含量与针叶氮素浓度之间存在显著的线性回归关系（Ｒ值分别为０．８６、０．７６和０．８１），这些时期的杉木叶绿素含量可作为评价杉木氮素营养状况的生理指标。良好立地上杉木嫩枝幼叶精氨酸和氨态氮含量均高于差地。第二个生长盛期５、１０和２０年生优势木针叶精氨酸含量分别达４７．５５，４３．３７和２９．４４ｍｇ／１００ｇｆ．ｗ．，相应差地则分别为２８．１６，２６．４２和１４．９５ｍｇ／１００ｇｆ．ｗ．。     

雪岭云杉针叶叶绿素—胡萝卜素软膏酸性物质化学组成的研究

雪岭云杉针叶叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏中含酸性物质约２２％（占软膏重）,其中脂肪酸占４４．８６％,树脂酸占５２．４９％。该酸性物质经气相色谱和质谱定性,定量分析,共分离出３１个峰,鉴定出２６个化合物,被的组分占酸性物质总量的９７．３５％。其中主要成分为检酸（２１．５５％）,异海松酸（１２．８９％）、油酸（１２．０７％）、亚麻酸（７．３１％）、新纵酸（６．１０％）等。研究发现,雪岭云杉针叶叶绿素－胡萝卜素     

雪岭云杉针叶叶绿素-胡萝卜素软膏不皂化物质化学组成的研究

雪岭云杉针叶叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏中不皂化物质主要由倍半萜类、二萜类、三萜类、甾类化合物、脂肪族醇和生育酚等化合物组成。分析鉴定表明：雪岭云杉针叶叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏中含不皂化物质约32．0％（占软膏量），其中主要成分为云氢枞醇（10．24％）、绿叶醇（8．64％）、愈创木醇（6．89％）、β-谷甾醇（6．26％）和菜油甾醇（5．98％）等。分离共鉴定出37个化合物，占不皂化物质总量的93．26％。研究发现，雪岭云杉针叶叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏的不皂化物质中含有较多的β－谷甾醇和菜油甾醇。     

Comparison of methods for protein extraction from pine needles

Extraction of proteins from pine needles for proteomic analysis has long been a challenge for scientists. We compared three different protein extraction methods including sucrose, Tris-HCl and trichloroacetic acid （TCA）/acetone （TCA method） to determine their efficiency in separating pine needle proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） and two-dimensional PAGE （2D-PAGE）. Proteins were then separated by SDS-PAGE. Among three methods the method using sucrose extraction buffer showed the highest efficiency and highest quality in separating proteins. In addition, clearer and more stable strips were detected by SDS-PAGE using sucrose extraction buffer. When the proteins extracted using sucrose extraction buffer were separated by 2D-PAGE, more than 300 protein spots, with isoelectric points （PI） ranging from 4.0 to 7,0 and molecular weights （MW） from 6.5 to 97.4 kD, were observed. This confirmed that the method with sucrose extraction buffer was an efficient and reliable method for extracting proteins from pine needles.     

双江县华山松球蚜发生数量研究

华山松球蚜以成虫和若虫群集在华山松嫩枝，梢，针叶上吸食汁液。温度和湿度对华山松球蚜的发生影响较大；相对湿度在58%-70%，危害严重，相对湿度在75%以上时，华山松球蚜数量减少；5月为发生危害高峰期。     

Seasonal acclimation of photosystem II in Pinus sylvestris. II. Using the rate constants of sustained thermal energy dissipation and photochemistry to study the effect of the light environment

Photosynthesis in evergreen conifers is characterized by down-regulation in autumn and rapid up-regulation in spring. This seasonal pattern is largely driven by temperature, but the light environment also plays a role. In overwintering Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees, PSII is less down-regulated and recovers faster from winter stress in shaded needles than in needles exposed to full sunlight. Because the effect of light on the seasonal acclimation of PSII has not been quantitatively studied under field conditions, we used the rate constants for sustained thermal energy dissipation and photochemistry to investigate the dynamics and kinetics of the seasonal acclimation of PSII in needles exposed to different light environments. We monitored chlorophyll fluorescence and needle pigment concentration during the winter and spring in Scots pine seedlings growing in the field in different shading treatments, and within the crowns of mature trees. The results indicated that differences in acclimation of PSII in overwintering Scots pine among needles exposed to different light environments can be chiefly attributed to sustained thermal dissipation. We also present field evidence that zeaxanthin-facilitated thermal dissipation and aggregation of thylakoid membrane proteins are key mechanisms in the regulation of sustained thermal dissipation in Scots pine trees in the field.