北方森林动物园草食动物寄生蠕虫感染情况调查

在动物园,寄生虫病是草食动物常见的疾病之一,每年都有大量的草食动物因感染各种寄生虫而发病,因此控制动物园中草食动物感染寄生虫是保障动物健康的重要措施之一。为保护生态环境,同时也给野生动物提供广阔的生存空间,扩大野生动物的利用价值,北方森林动物园(原哈尔滨动物园)从哈尔滨市区内搬迁到阿城市鸽子洞地区。由于动物园施工,致使部分动物无法随迁,寄养于其他动物园,2004年9—10月份,全部动物迁入新居。为了解动物园动物的寄生虫感染情况,给动物寄生虫病综合防治提供科学依据,于2005年3—5月份对北方森林动物园观赏草食动物寄生蠕虫…     

石家庄市动物园山魈秋季肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

山魈是非常珍贵的野生物种,具有较高的观赏性,肠道寄生虫病是山魈的临床常见病。为了了解石家庄市动物园山魈秋季肠道寄生虫的感染情况,笔者对10只山魈进行了粪便采样,通过直接涂片法和饱和盐水漂浮法进行了虫卵检测,发现山魈感染有毛首线虫和蛔虫等。     

郑州市动物园珍禽寄生虫感染情况调查

应用饱和糖液漂浮法和饱和盐水漂浮法，对郑州市动物园的52种珍禽进行了寄生虫感染情况调查，结果寄生虫总感染率高达60．31％，其中球虫、蛔虫、毛细线虫、绦虫感染率分别为46．03、23．80％、30．15％、4．76％．表明郑州市动物园珍禽寄生虫感染较为普遍。     

中国动物园鸟类寄生虫感染现状调查

寄生虫是对动物园鸟类危害较严重的一类疾病。本文对1978～2012年中国动物园行业相关文献资料中所有关于鸟类寄生虫感染的部分进行了调查和统计。结果显示包括鹤形目、鹳形目、鸡形目、雁形目、隼形目、鹦形目、雀形目、鸵形目、鹈形目、楔翼总目等总目共10目70种鸟类有感染记录,包括原虫、吸虫、绦虫、线虫类和节肢动物共25种寄生虫。通过分析发现,动物园鸟类寄生虫感染的发生规律和寄生虫与鸟类的自身特性、所在动物园的气候以及人为干扰等因素都有一定关系,符合寄生虫流行病学的规律。同时对以后的防治工作提出做好日常检查、加强饲养管理与防疫措施等建议。     

集约化鸡场寄生虫感染情况调查

集约化鸡场因环境条件独特，鸡寄生虫病流行存在一定特点．为了摸清宁乡县种鸡场寄生虫的感染情况，为该场和其他集约化鸡场鸡寄生虫病防制提供科学依据，我们在该场进行了初步调查．现报告如下；一、调查方法1．剖检剖杀6个不同年龄段鸡33羽，每个年龄段鸡5～7只，每羽接寄生史常规剖析法收集体表和体内各器官虫体鉴定计数，并作血液铁片染色镜检，气管、不同肠段、泄殖腔和法氏囊的粘膜涂片镜拉。2．＊只检查采取4个不同年仅段共50羽鸡新鲜粪便，每个年龄段鸡10～20个粪样。粪祥王离心管中加入适量自来水，搅匀，以2000转／分离心10分钟．…     

郑州市动物园鸟类寄生虫感染调查及驱虫试验

为了解郑州市动物园的鸟类寄生虫感染情况,采集了66种鸟类的粪样,经饱和糖水漂浮法检验发现16种鸟的粪样寄生虫卵/卵囊阳性,其中球虫卵囊较为普遍,感染率为20.51%（24/117）;少数为线虫。用0.5%地克珠利溶液或阿苯达唑片对阳性鸟进行驱虫,粪检结果表明取得明显的疗效。     

动物园鸟类肠道寄生虫感染情况调查及治疗效果分析

应用离心沉淀法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对郑州市动物园鸟类进行肠道寄生虫感染情况调查。对62种鸟类共110份粪便样品进行调查,查出2种寄生虫,寄生虫总感染率为20%,球虫和毛细线虫的感染率分别为18.08%和3.64%。此次调查寄生虫总感染率比2004年降低了40.31%,感染强度也明显降低;与2006年和2007年的感染情况基本一致,表明对动物园鸟类肠道寄生虫应进行长期监控。     

石阡县猪寄生虫感染调查

在长期贯彻执行“预防为主”的方针,采取防、检、治综合措施后,生猪传染病基本上得到了有效的控制.随之而来的寄生虫病成了危害生猪发展的突出矛盾.笔者自1976年以来,在门诊、肉品卫生检验及畜禽疫病调查等工作中,对本县生猪寄生虫病的感染及防治情况作了较为详尽的统计.现将统计调查情况分述于后.     

福州动物园草食动物消化道寄生虫感染情况及驱虫效果调查

运用麦克马斯特计数法调查福州动物园17种62头(只)草食动物消化道寄生虫的感染情况,调查内容包括寄生虫的种类、感染率和感染强度,利用驱虫前后感染强度对比观察驱虫效果。结果:草食动物以土源性寄生虫感染为主;17种草食动物中,11种动物感染14种寄生虫,总感染率64.7%;感染强度最高为长颈鹿圆线虫,感染强度为4 050个/g,其次是骆驼鞭虫,感染强度为1650个/g,第三是角马肝片吸虫,感染强度为1 296个/g;驱虫试验表明,丙硫苯咪唑8~10 mg/kg,甲苯咪唑5~10 mg/kg对草食动物线虫虫卵转阴率达100%,三氯苯达唑5~10 mg/kg对角马肝片吸虫的驱杀效果显著。     

Helminthiasis and toxoplasmosis among exotic mammals at the Santiago National Zoo

Parasitologic evaluations of 112 fecal specimens from 292 mammals from the Santiago National Zoo (36 specimens were pooled specimens from greater than or equal to 2 animals) indicated that 51 mammals had protozoa or helminths in their feces. Most of the parasites in the herbivorous species were trichurids and strongylids, whereas most of the parasites in the carnivorous species were ascarids. Coccidia spp and Giardia spp were the most frequently detected protozoans in the mammals evaluated. Of 127 captive mammals serologically evaluated for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii (indirect hemagglutination test), 35 (27.5%) were positive for T gondii: 7 (46.6%) of 15 carnivores, 24 (25.2%) of 95 artyodactyls, and 4 (22.5%) of 17 nonhuman primates. Antibodies against T gondii also were found in 8 of 10 domestic cats captured within the zoo and in 6 of 13 volunteer zookeepers.     

大熊猫精液的研究

在1999年3月至2000年6月，对卧龙自然保护区大熊猫研究中心的9只5.5～16.5岁的雄性大熊猫进行了17次电刺激采精，9只大熊猫的平均体重为108.1±15kg，睾丸体积为289.4±108.6cm3，刺激电压2～8V，射精电压4～8V，平均每次采精量为3.5±1.91ml，精子密度为995.2±782.6×106个/ml，每次采精总量为3907±2981.7×106个，精液平均活力为69.1±28.9%，活率为79.6±23.1%，运动状态为2.7±1.1，畸形率为39.4±32.2%，平均顶体正常率为85.8±31.2%，pH值为7.9±0.4。其中3只是能进行自然交配并繁殖了后代的种公兽，其体重为122.7±7.1kg，睾丸体积为381.7±64.8cm3，精液活力为77.3±5.8%，运动状态为3.0±0.5，精子畸形率为18.0±9.6%，顶体正常率为92.7±1.5%，pH值为8.0±0.1。大熊猫异常精子主要有顶体异常，卷尾，中段弯曲含胞浆小滴，中段弯曲无胞浆小滴，尾弯曲含胞浆小滴，尾弯曲无胞浆小滴，近端含胞浆小滴，远端含胞浆小滴8种。在2月～6月都能通过电刺激采集到精液，在4月份每次产精量最高，这正好与在这期间发情和交配的大熊猫数量最多相吻合。     

采用输血疗法治疗大熊猫贫血

在2007-2012年期间,分别应用输血疗法治愈传染性疾病导致的贫血、营养性贫血及继发性贫血等3种类型(共6只)的大熊猫贫血病例,有的病例还进行了连续多次输血,输血后大熊猫没有出现严重的输血反应,且RBC、HGB、HCT、MCHC、PLT等均有明显升高,平均在第1次输血后32d其血常规值就恢复到正常范围。通过总结大熊猫的输血方法及输血过程中的注意事项及体会,认为输血疗法在大熊猫贫血性疾病的治疗上是安全、可行的,输血疗法作为纠正贫血的主要方法之一,为抢救各种重症贫血性疾病提供了一条有效途径,值得在临床中进行推广。     

A study of parasitic infections in mammals and birds at the Dublin Zoological Gardens

The present report deals with the parasitic infections detected on examination of fresh faecal samples of 48 mammals and 4 birds at the Zoological Gardens, Dublin during 1978–79. 1,822 faecal samples were received over the two year period and 1,1 of these samples contained helminth eggs. Ninety-five percent of these positive findings were confined to the Carnivore and Herbivore groups with the Primates, Marsupials and Avians showing a low level of intestinal parasites.     

Yersiniosis in captive exotic mammals.

Within a 2 1/2-month period, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection occurred in 3 blesbok (Damaliscus dorcas), 1 dik-dik (Madoqua kirkii), and 1 giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) at the National Zoological Park, Washington, DC. Lesions consisted of fibrinonecrotic enteritis and peritonitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, and embolic pyogranulomatous lesions in the liver, spleen, and lungs. Feed contaminated with the feces of wild rats and pigeons was thought to be the source of infection.     

大熊猫血清犬腺病毒抗体调查

腺病毒 (Adenovirus,AV)可感染人和多种动物 ,在国内外有很多报道。已报道的动物感染宿主主要有牛、羊、犬、禽类以及狐狸、狼、貉、丛林狼、臭鼬、浣熊、水貂、雪貂、熊等野生动物 ,1996年 Woods等又发现腺病毒能引起鹿的出血性病变 [1] ,而且还怀疑与鹿表现为同样病变的叉角羚可能也是由于腺病毒感染引起的。犬腺病毒 (Canine adenovirus,CAV)属于腺病毒科哺乳动物腺病毒属成员 ,是在已发现的哺乳动物腺病毒属中致病性最强、感染动物最广的病毒 [2 ,3 ]。CAV分为犬腺病毒 型 (CAV- 1)和犬腺病毒 型(CAV- 2 ) ,其中 CAV- 1又名 :犬传染性肝炎病毒 ,罗巴斯病病毒 (Rubarth disease virus) ,狐狸脑炎病毒 ;CAV- 2又名犬喉气管炎病毒 ,幼犬咳嗽病毒 [2 ] 。CAV- 1是早在 192 5年由 Green等首次发现可导致狐狸脑炎 ,后来经 Rubarth的动物试验证明能引起犬的传染性肝炎的病原 [3 ,15] 。自那以后 ,有关该病毒引起犬和狐等动物的发病病例举不胜数 ,目前世界上大部分国家和地区都有该病的报道 ,198...     

福州动物园圈养野生动物人兽共患寄生虫感染情况调查

对福州动物园中57种哺乳动物人兽共患寄生虫感染情况进行调查,通过麦氏计数法、麦氏改良计数法和改良凝集试验(MAT)检查野生动物消化道寄生虫和弓形虫的感染情况。结果:24种动物感染人兽共患寄生虫,涵盖了线虫、绦虫、吸虫和原虫4大类。其中感染强度最高为猞猁曼氏迭宫绦虫,每克粪便虫卵数(EPG)为45 710;其次为猞猁犬弓蛔虫,EPG为26 740。12种(21只)哺乳动物感染弓形虫,运用复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠可溶性粉对感染较为严重的9只动物进行治疗,有效率为55.56%,抗体转阴率为11.11%。     

大熊猫源肺炎双球菌的分离鉴定

为了分析、丰富表现呼吸道症状的患病大熊猫的病原病因学,选用有效药物预防控制该类疾病,试验对从中国大熊猫保护中心采集的患病大熊猫鼻腔拭子进行了细菌培养、菌落形态学观察、生化试验、溶血试验和动物致病性试验。结果表明:分离到致病性肺炎双球菌;分离菌对万古霉素、青霉素、氨苄西林、红霉素、羧苄青霉素和阿莫西林等高度敏感,对丙氟哌酸、卡那霉素、四环素等中度敏感,对链霉素、强力霉素等药物有耐药性。     

Ecological scale and seasonal heterogeneity in the spatial behaviors of giant pandas

We report on the first study to track the spatial behaviors of wild giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using high‐resolution global positioning system (GPS) telemetry. Between 2008 and 2009, 4 pandas (2 male and 2 female) were tracked in Foping Reserve, China for an average of 305 days (± 54.8 SE). Panda home ranges were larger than those of previous very high frequency tracking studies, with a bimodal distribution of space‐use and distinct winter and summer centers of activity. Home range sizes were larger in winter than in summer, although there was considerable individual variability. All tracked pandas exhibited individualistic, unoriented and multiphasic movement paths, with a high level of tortuosity within seasonal core habitats and directed, linear, large‐scale movements between habitats. Pandas moved from low elevation winter habitats to high elevation (>2000 m) summer habitats in May, when temperatures averaged 17.5 °C (± 0.3 SE), and these large‐scale movements took <1 month to complete. The peak in panda mean elevation occurred in Jul, after which they began slow, large‐scale movements back to winter habitats that were completed in Nov. An adult female panda made 2 longdistance movements during the mating season. Pandas remain close to rivers and streams during winter, possibly reflecting the elevated water requirements to digest their high‐fiber food. Panda movement path tortuosity and first‐passage‐time as a function of spatial scale indicated a mean peak in habitat search effort and patch use of approximately 700 m. Despite a high degree of spatial overlap between panda home ranges, particularly in winter, we detected neither avoidance nor attraction behavior between conspecifics.     

Skin diseases of rodents and small exotic mammals.

Small exotic mammals and rodents are becoming popular pets in the United States. Like most other exotics, the popularity of these animals has vastly preceded the accumulation of practical husbandry and veterinary information available about them. Several dermatologic conditions have been described in most rodents and small exotic mammals; however, the practitioner can assume that more exist that have not yet been diagnosed or documented. It is not unreasonable to assume that rodents and small exotic mammals could be affected by many of the same dermatologic conditions well described in other animals. Veterinarians are encouraged always to apply the same diagnostic protocols used to work up skin problems in dogs and cats when presented with an exotic pet with a dermatologic disease.