高速公路中央分隔带绿化养护初探——以G15沈海高速上海嘉金段为例

指出了高速公路中央分隔带是高速公路的重要组成部分,根据对G15沈海高速上海嘉金段中央分隔带绿化养护管理的实践,分析了中央分隔带绿化的功能、养护内容和养护安全措施,对高速公路中分带绿化养护具有一定的参考作用。     

浅谈黑龙江省高速公路绿化养护管理工作

通过近几年亲身实践以及研究、比较 ,介绍了高速公路绿化的功能性作用 ,结合黑龙江省高速公路绿化养护管理现状 ,阐述了黑龙江省高速公路绿化养护管理工作的指导思路     

高速公路的绿化与管理

近年来,高速公路园林绿化建设日新月异,全国相继建成一大批高等级高速公路绿色通道,成为全国绿色通道建设体中的“精品工程、窗口工程、形象工程”。但目前部分地区、单在养护工作中,没有考虑到高速公路绿化的特点,不能科学、系统地进行养护,造成绿化效果和绿化质量明显下降,严重响到公路的绿化效益。高速公路绿化养护工作具有绿化标准高、绿化区域长、气差异大的绿化特点,特殊的绿化要求给绿化养护工作带来了高的难度,这就要求我们在植物养护工作中要有针对性,根笔者在实际工作中的实践经验,认为应从以下几个方面进:一、在绿化养护中要将公…     

广东省大力推进公路沿线绿化景观建设

近日,广东省交通运输厅发出通知,要求各地交通、公路部门加强公路沿线生态绿化景观建设和养护工作。一是抓住春季绿化施工的黄金季节,推进高速公路绿化景观林带的建设,对未完成绿化景观建设的路段,抓紧按计划推进;对已完成的路段,加强日常养护管理和查漏补种工作,确保如期实现高速公路生态景观林带建设目标。二是总结经验,确保新建(含改扩建)高速公路生态绿化景观与主体工程同步     

荆条在高速公路绿化中的应用

通过对荆条生物学特性的观察、以及在高速公路上种植及养护,总结出了荆条在高速公路上具体应用的方式,可有效地降低绿化工程造价及养护费用,增强整体绿化效果,具有较大的经济效益。     

高速公路绿化养护管理技术

该文对已进入日常养护管理的高速公路绿化工程的浇水、除草、修剪、施肥、打药、采伐更新、平茬复壮等技术措施进行了论述 ,并对主要作业项目节支途径提出了建议。对高速公路绿化工程繁重的养护管理工作具有指导和应用价值     

高速公路绿化设计中应注意的问题

高速公路景观绿化模式正处于不断完善、不断补充、发展的阶段.结合自身设计经验,对高速公路的中央隔带、路侧、立交匝道包围区、服务站收费站管理站、路基的绿化与养护提出系列的策略,并总结了相应的经验:绿化设计、施工、管理要专业化;要注意养护;绿化力求美观实用.     

辽东地区高速公路中分带绿化持续性养护研究

高速公路中分带土壤贫瘠、土量少,植物生长困难,通过科学合理的养护手段对中分带进行养护管理,可以降低植物衰退周期、节省绿化补植费用。该文以沈阳至抚顺南杂木段高速公路中分带为研究对象,运用层次分析法对不同养护处理的养护效果进行量化分析,从土壤改良、植物生长、造价和景观效果等方面对新型养护处理进行评价,进一步筛选出适合辽东地区高速公路中分带绿化养护处理方案,即施鸡粪干肥、春灌浇水(弱酸性)、春季喷洒石硫合剂+日常养护。     

试谈高速公路绿化的养护管理

近年来,全国有一大批高等级高速公路绿色通道相继建成。但目前部分地区、单位在养护工作中,没有考虑到高速公路绿化的特点,不能科学地、系统地进行养护,绿化效果和绿化质量明显下降。高速公路绿化具有绿化标准高、绿化区域长、气候差异大的特点,特殊的绿化要求给绿化养护工作带来了较高的难度,因此,养护工作要有针对性地进行。一、绿化养护要与公路安全有机联系起来。高速公路上车速快,空间封闭,这就要保证绿化植物不能妨碍司机的行车安全。中央绿化带中影响司机视线的植物应及时进行平剪,公路两边边坡高处的乔木、灌木及立交、出口转角处的乔木也应定期修剪。同时,公路两边的高大林带在夏季暴风雨来临之前要进行一次全面疏剪,以杜绝事故发生,确保高速公路的行车安全。二、营造整体景观,不断提高绿化档次和质量。一是保证整条路段“绿不断线”。高速公路绿化是一个整体,不能片面强调“窗口”路段,而造成整个路段绿化参差不齐,影响到整体绿化水平。只有全面进行养护管理,及时进行补植和更换,才能使“点”、“线”、“面”、“环”整个绿化体系发挥最好的绿化效果。二是对原有绿化布局进行完善。对路段边坡杂草丛生,杂木旺长,花木生长差,花篱、绿篱、模纹图案等损伤严重的,应及时更...     

北方丘陵地区高速公路绿化树木养护管理

根据北方丘陵地区高速公路的地质、水文情况,结合本地绿化树木养护实际,就保水、施肥、修剪、防病、补植工作做了阐述,提出了北方丘陵地区高速公路绿化树木养护管理的方法和措施。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.