生长调节剂对玉露香梨脱萼率及果实品质的影响

于盛花期喷施不同浓度的保花保果剂(PBO)和多效唑(PP333),研究生长调节剂对玉露香梨脱萼率、果实品质和贮藏性的影响.结果表明:玉露香梨萼片脱落时间一般在盛花后10～17d,脱落高峰在盛花后13d,脱落率为22.5％.不同浓度的生长调节剂均能提高脱萼率,以PBO 2 000倍处理对玉露香梨脱萼效果最好,与对照相比脱萼率提高了49百分点,且对可溶性固形物含量的影响小.在贮藏期间,各处理商品果率和可溶性固形物含量均明显高于对照,其中PBO 2 000倍处理在贮藏6个月后,商品果率和可溶性固形物含量最高.因此,生产中对玉露香梨采用花期喷施PBO 2 000倍液既可提高脱萼率,又不影响果实品质和贮藏性.     

水平棚架式栽培对玉露香梨脱萼率和果实品质的影响

适宜的栽培方式可以提高果实品质,以水平棚架式栽培与密植式栽培的玉露香梨为试验材料,分析不同栽培方式对玉露香梨果实脱萼率及果实品质的影响,为棚架在梨产业中的推广应用提供理论依据及实践指导。结果表明：水平棚架式栽培玉露香梨与密植式栽培相比,果实脱萼率提高了19.49个百分点;脱萼果的单果重、可溶性糖含量均显著提高,分别提高了9.37%和11.90%;宿萼果和脱萼果的果心比均显著降低,分别降低了5.94%、12.32%;可滴定酸含量和果面平整度也明显降低,其中宿萼果的差异达显著水平;宿萼果和脱萼果的果实黏附性、咀嚼性有所增加,但差异均不显著。可见,水平棚架栽培方式可以提高玉露香梨果实脱萼率、果实品质和一致性。     

影响库尔勒香梨果实脱萼宿萼因素研究

库尔勒香梨果实大小适中,萼片大部脱落,香味浓郁,皮薄肉脆,清甜爽口,细嫩多汁,维生素C含量丰富且耐贮藏,尤以芳香味最为独特。随着香梨大面积栽培,产量大幅度提高,果实品质有所下降,不脱萼果增多,出现外观不美(果皮粗)、果个小、果心大、萼部突出(突顶)等缺点,尤其是突萼果,严重影响了香梨的销售。     

种植油菜对“玉露香梨”着果及果实品质的影响

为明确梨树行间种植油菜在改善果实品质方面的作用,本试验比较了行间清耕和行间种植油菜处理下梨园土壤养分和访花昆虫情况,以及着果率、脱萼率及果实品质。结果表明,行间种油菜较行间清耕处理显著提高了梨园土壤中速效磷和速效钾含量,增幅为36.6%和11.2%,可以增加昆虫特别是蜜蜂的访问量,减少金龟子的访问量;与行间清耕+自然授粉相比,行间种油菜+自然授粉与人工授粉处理均可显著提高梨着果率和脱萼率,增加果实质量和减小果实偏斜率;同时,行间种植油菜+自然授粉处理下梨果实可溶性固形物和总糖含量均最高,达13.83%和94.5 mg/g。行间种植油菜可以提高梨园土壤营养和授粉昆虫的数量,增加梨着果率和改善果实品质。     

玉露香梨果实品质与叶片和果实矿质元素灰色关联度分析

为了明确玉露香梨果实品质与矿质营养之间的关系,以期通过施肥技术来调控果实品质。以玉露香梨为研究对象,对果实发育过程中叶片、果实的矿质元素含量和果实品质进行了动态分析。结果表明：玉露香梨果实发育期,叶片中N、Mg元素含量总体呈下降趋势,B、Zn、Mn元素含量总体呈上升趋势,K和Fe元素含量总体呈先下降后上升趋势,Ca元素含量在盛花后65～95 d和盛花后110～140 d各出现1个吸收高峰,P和Cu元素含量变化不明显;果实中N和K元素含量总体呈下降趋势,P、Ca、Mg和Cu元素含量呈先下降后上升最后下降的趋势,B、Zn、Mn和Fe元素在盛花后65～95 d和盛花后110～140 d出现2个吸收高峰。玉露香梨叶片和果实中的N、K、Ca、Zn等元素含量与单果重、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量和果肉硬度存在较高的关联度。综合果实品质指标与矿质元素含量之间的关联分析,果实发育初期是调控N和K元素含量的关键时期,盛花后65 d前后是调控P、B、Zn、Mn和Fe元素含量的关键时期,盛花后95 d前后是调控Ca元素含量的关键时期。     

PBO对黄金梨脱萼效果的试验总结

PBO由江苏省江阴市果树促控剂研究所研制生产，其主要成分有稀效唑、细胞分裂素BA、生长素衍生物ORE和增糖着色剂、早熟剂、膨大剂、防冻剂、防裂素、杀菌剂、光亮洁净剂以及10余种微量元素，是一种功能较齐全的果树营养型生长调节剂。近几年来，广泛应用于苹果、梨、桃、大樱桃、杏、李、草莓等果树上，取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。有人在黄金梨上应用发现，PBO对黄金梨具有一定的脱萼功能。由于近几年黄金梨铁头病的发生普遍，而宿萼的果实尤其严重。为减轻铁头病的发生，果农大都进行人工除萼，若应用PBO能代替人工除萼，将可免除人工除萼的麻烦和成本，降低劳动强度，提高果品质量。因此，我们于2006年进行了该试验，目的主要是验证PBO的脱萼功效，寻求确定PBO对黄金梨脱萼的使用最佳时期和浓度，并了解其对黄金梨果实生长发育的影响。     

套袋对库尔勒香梨果实品质的影响

果实套袋栽培技术是提高果实品质的有效措施,大部分果产区对苹果、梨、桃、葡萄进行了不同规模的套袋栽培.新疆梨套袋主要应用于砀山酥梨,价格比不套袋贵0.80～1.00元/kg,取得了良好的经济效益.库尔勒香梨是新疆特色果品和主栽品种,属于小果型品种,套袋一般减少单果重,故对库尔勒香梨尚未大量使用.此项研究是探寻套袋对库尔勒香梨是否可行.     

不同产区玉露香梨果实品质特性综合分析北大核心CSCD

【Objective】In order to determine the suitability of geological locations and climatic conditions for production of Yuluxiang pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehder‘Yuluxiang’) with excellent fruit quality, we measured the fruit quality components such as fruit color, contents of anthocyanin and chlorophyll, firmness, soluble solid content (SSC), total soluble sugar content (TSSC) and titratable acid content (TAC) of Yuluxiang fruit from five locations with different geographical and climatic conditions in northern China.【Methods】The five locations for Yuluxiang pear production included Xi County, Fenxi County and Ruicheng County in Shanxi Province, Haidian District in Beijing and the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment in Xinjiang were selected as experimental sites. A representative orchard in each of these sites was then selected for the experiment from 2020 to 2022. Climatic and geographical conditions including average altitude, average annual temperature, average diurnal temperature difference during the fruit color development, average annual sunshine duration and frost-free period were investigated in each of these orchards. The experimental Yuluxiang pear trees in each of these orchards were 8 to 10 years old and the tree canopy was in the free-spindle shape. All the orchards were with loam soil and manual fertilizer applied annually in the fall, and managed under the common production practice. There were 3 trees in the experimental unit in each orchard. Four representative fruit at harvest maturity were collected at a height of 1.0-2.5 m in the outer canopy from each of the trees to measure the fruit quality components. The experiment was replicated 3 times in each orchard. Fruit color was measured using the photoshop CS6 to read the Lab color degree (L*, a*, b*) on the fruit photograph and the h°= arccot (a*/b*)×180/π was used for the hue. Anthocyanin in the fruit peel was extracted using the HCl method and chlorophylls were extracted in 80% acetone. Ratio of the anthocyanin content to chlorophyll content was then determined. Fruit firmness in the flesh was determined using a FT327 pressure tester and the soluble solid content was measured with a PAL-1 reflectormeter. Total soluble sugar content and titratable acid content were determined using the anthrone colorimetry and the acid-base titration methods, respectively. Ratio of the sugar to acid was then calculated. Statistical software DPS7.05 was used for ANOVA, regression, cluster, and principal component analyses of the resulting data.【Results】Compared to those from Ruicheng County and Haidian District orchards, pear fruits from Xi County, Fenxi County and the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment orchards looked more shiny with greater redness and yellowness in the surface, and in addition, the fruit anthocyanin contents were over 2-fold higher and the chlorophyll contents were 12%-21% lower. The fruit firmness from the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment was the highest among those from all the five experimental orchards. The soluble solid content of fruit from the five experimental orchards were in the following order: the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment (14.4%)＞Fenxi County (12.2%)＞Xi County (12.1%)＞Ruicheng County (10.9%)＞Haidian District (10.6%). Total soluble sugar content of fruit from the 5 experimental orchards was in the order of the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment (12.2 g · 100 g-1)＞Xi County (10.4 g·100 g-1)＞Fenxi County (10.3 g·100 g-1)＞Ruicheng County (9.1 g·100 g-1)＞Haidian District (8.6 g·100 g-1). Fruit titratable acid content from the Xi County and Fenxi County orchards were 7%-10% greater than those from the rest of the orchards. The fruit redness was positively correlated with the altitude of the orchard-site, average diurnal temperature difference during the fruit color development, and average annual temperature. Fruit SSC or TSSC were positively correlated with the average diurnal temperature difference during the fruit- color development and average annual sunshine duration. Cluster analysis revealed that fruits from Xi County and Fenxi County orchards were in the same cluster with greater level of SSC, TSSC and TAC, and reduced firmness. Fruits from the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment orchards were also in the same cluster but with less TAC. Fruits from orchards in Ruicheng County and Haidian District were in the same cluster with lower level of SSC and TSSC.【Conclusion】When the average altitude of the production orchard was in the range of 900-1100 m, and the average diurnal temperature difference was from 13 to 15 ℃, the excellent fruit quality of Yuluxiang pear was fully reached, whereas in the orchards with an average altitude below 400 m above sea-level, it was not suitable for production of this pear cultivar. Therefore, geographical and climatic conditions determined the suitability of the production of high-quality Yuluxiang pear. © 2023 Journal of Fruit Science. All rights reserved.     

PBO对黄金梨脱萼效果的试验初报

为验证PBO的脱萼功效,寻求使用PBO对黄金梨脱萼的最佳使用时期与浓度,进行了PBO应用试验.试验结果表明,PBO对黄金梨有良好的脱萼效果,且喷布时间越早,脱萼效果越好.同时试验结果还表明,喷布PBO还能明显提高果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量,但对果柄长度和果形指数有一定抑制作用,综合考虑建议于初花期至谢花期喷布PBO 300～350倍液效果最好.     

生长调节剂对莱阳茌梨脱萼率和果实品质及新梢生长的影响

正莱阳茌梨是我国的传统梨地方品种,在莱阳已有200余年的栽培历史,以其肉嫩质细、清脆可口而驰名中外。在莱阳茌梨栽培管理中,历史上形成一个独特传统,即谢花后20 d左右在人工疏果的同时,将果顶的萼端切去,使成熟的果实呈倒卵圆形。孙敏、刘成连、姜彦辰等学者研究表明,与宿萼果相比,人工剪萼能够改善莱阳茌梨的果形,使果实可食部分增加,可溶性糖含量高,可滴定酸含量低,石细胞团直径小,能     

可溶性固形物含量对玉露香梨冷藏品质及果心褐变的影响

探讨了不同可溶性固形物含量玉露香梨果实冷藏过程中品质变化及果心褐变发生规律,为生产中玉露香梨采收品质的调控提供技术参考。利用无损检测仪分选出3组不同可溶性固形物含量梯度的玉露香梨,分别为处理Ⅰ(SSC 10%～11%)、处理Ⅱ(SSC 11%～13%)、处理Ⅲ(SSC 13%～14%),各处理置于0℃下冷藏,测定果实品质及果心褐变相关生理指标。结果表明：处理Ⅰ果心总酚含量较高,冷藏后期随多酚氧化酶活性的升高,其降幅显著高于其他2个处理,同时其果心组织丙二醛含量累积,脂氧合酶活性较高,膜脂过氧化程度加剧;冷藏240 d,处理Ⅰ果心褐变指数较处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ分别高出42.85%和39.54%,处理Ⅱ与处理Ⅲ果心褐变差异不显著;处理Ⅲ果实匀质指数较低,果肉更细腻,果肉脆性高,但果皮强度及韧性均较低,冷藏中后期,代谢较快,果面亮度值L^*增加,色度角h°值下降,转黄程度显著高于其他2个处理。综合果实品质变化,中长期冷藏中可溶性固形物含量11%～13%的玉露香梨在果实质构特性及色泽的保持上更具有优势,且果心褐变较轻。     

不同采收期对库尔勒香梨果实品质的影响

以12～15年生的香梨为试材,进行了不同采收期对香梨果实品质影响试验,结果表明,过早过晚采收都不利于香梨品质的提高,在新疆巴州地区,香梨的适采期为9月10-20日。     

塑料套袋对新疆库尔勒香梨果实品质影响

以白、黑、红三种颜色日用塑料袋对新疆库尔勒香梨进行套袋试验,结果表明：套袋能明显改善果实外观,果点显减小,且能改变果品内在品质;白色袋使果实重量增加,可溶性固形物、有机酸和Vc含量提高,硬度增大,效果最佳,红色袋次之,黑色袋最差;套袋时间宜早不宜迟。     

氮的优化施肥处理对玉露香梨产量和品质的影响

以玉露香梨为试材进行了氮的优化施肥试验,结果表明：采用优化施肥可提高玉露香梨的大果个数、单果重、株产和品质。采用优化施肥,可降低果农的施肥成本,达到增产增收的目的。     

香梨不同授粉技术对果实坐果和果实品质的影响

以初果期库尔勒香梨为试验材料,采用人工点粉、液体授粉和干粉喷粉3种人工辅助授粉方式,研究了不同授粉技术对库尔勒香梨果实坐果率、果实品质以及授粉用工情况的影响及不同植物生长调节剂配方对库尔勒香梨果实产量及品质的影响,筛选出最佳的人工辅助授粉技术及最终确定不同植物生长调节剂最优配方,以期为库尔勒香梨提质增效提供参考依据。结果表明:不同人工辅助授粉技术对果形指数、总糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物等4个指标影响不显著,但可以显著提高库尔勒香梨的坐果率和产量,其中液体授粉效果最佳,从经济效益来看,液体授粉的花粉用量和人工成本显著低于人工点粉、干粉喷粉。喷施不同植物生长调节剂配方可以显著提高库尔勒香梨坐果率和产量,而配方处理2、处理7、处理8、处理9对库尔勒香梨的脱萼率、单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量提高最为显著,处理8效果最佳,分别达到了75.83%、152.22g、15.00%、10.97%。     

外源褪黑素对玉露香梨常温贮藏品质和生理特性的影响

【目的】以玉露香梨为试验材料,研究不同浓度(0、0.1、0.5、1.0 mmol·L^-1)褪黑素(melatonin,MT)处理对梨果实常温贮藏品质和生理特性的影响。【方法】将已达商业成熟的玉露香梨果实进行0.1、0.5、1.0 mmol·L^-1不同浓度MT浸泡处理,以蒸馏水浸泡作为对照。分别于(20±1)℃贮藏21 d,每隔7 d货架测定果实质量、果皮颜色(L^*、h°)、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量和维生素C含量等果实外观和内在品质指标,统计总腐烂果数,采用气相色谱法检测果实呼吸强度和乙烯释放速率,同时采用果皮冻样测定丙二醛(MDA)含量及过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性等果实生理指标。【结果】与对照相比,不同浓度MT处理均能降低果实失重率和腐烂率,但与对照差异不显著。1.0 mmol·L^-1MT有效抑制货架前期0～7 d果实维生素C含量和硬度的下降,0.5 mmol·L^-1MT在货架第14天作用效果显著,而0.1mmol·...     

库尔勒香梨两种树形对果实品质及产量的影响

以纺锤形和疏散分层形2种树形的库尔勒香梨为研究对象,对其单株树体结构进行调查,并在果实成熟时测定2种树形库尔勒香梨果实的外观品质、内在品质及产量,探究纺锤形树形对库尔勒香梨果实品质及产量的影响,以期为简约化栽培提供参考依据.结果 表明:疏散分层形单株产量高于纺锤形,但纺锤形栽植密度大,单位面积产量显著高于疏散分层形,五年生树667 m2产量可达3 163.80 kg,表现出早果丰产,并且树冠各部位果实大小均匀,单果质量在113 g左右,产量主要集中在冠层中下部,纺锤形果实脱萼果率显著高于疏散分层形,凸顶果率明显低于疏散分层形.2种树形果实的硬度、可滴定酸含量相差不大,纺锤形果实的可溶性固形物和总糖含量较高,平均分别为12.68％、9.29％.纺锤形早果、丰产性好,果实各项品质指标均优于疏散分层形.     

喷施PBO对提高库尔勒香梨脱萼果率的效果

大量宿萼果的存在一直是影响库尔勒香梨果实品质和市场竞争力的瓶颈.为此,笔者于2007年进行喷施PBO控制生长,提高香梨品质和脱萼果率的试验,取得良好效果.