产肠毒素性大肠杆菌K88与K99菌毛蛋白的串联表达

根据GenBank中发表的E.coli K88、K99基因序列,分别设计合成1对引物.利用PCR技术,以大肠杆菌C83907和C83644的质粒为模板分别扩增不含信号肽的K88及K99基因.通过分离、纯化、限制性核酸内切酶酶切,连接和转化,构建了含K88-K99串联表达载体的重组菌株BL21(DE3)(pETK88CK99).结果显示,经酶切,PCR鉴定和DNA序列分析,证实了构建的重组质粒pETK88CK99中含有K88K99融合基因,且基因序列和阅读框架均正确.经过SDS-PAGE分析,串联表达蛋白含量占菌体蛋白的40%左右,经Western blotting检测,该串联表达蛋白能被大肠杆菌K88、K99标准血清识别.结果表明,构建的重组菌株可以作为预防新生仔猪大肠杆菌性腹泻基因工程疫苗的候选菌株.     

鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫ZJ株3-1E基因的原核表达及鉴定

本实验对E．tenellaZJ株的3-1E基因进行了克隆和表达。根据已报道的柔嫩艾美尔球虫3-1E基因序列设计引物,以孢子化卵囊总RNA为模板,用RT—PCR方法扩增得到一条特异片段,将扩增产物克隆至pUCM—T,转化感受态菌DH5仅,经酶切鉴定获得阳性重组质粒并对其进行测序。测序结果与参考序列比较,核苷酸同源性为99．5％。然后将重组质粒和表达载体pET-30a分别以EcoRⅠ、SalⅠ酶切后构建重组表达载体pET-30a-3—1E,并将其转化入大肠杆菌BL21中,提取质粒经酶切和PCR鉴定正确后,用IPTG诱导表达。表达产物经SDS—PAGE和Westernblot检测显示,3-1E基因在大肠杆菌中成功表达;融合蛋白的分子量约为27ku,诱导6h的蛋白表达量可达到47、024％。     

重组鲢鱼抗菌肽parasinⅠ原核表达、纯化与抗菌活性

本文旨在构建抗菌肽parasinⅠ大肠杆菌重组表达载体,表达人工重组parasinⅠ,并检测其抑菌活性。根据parasinⅠ的成熟肽序列和大肠杆菌密码子偏好性,人工合成1段57 bp的基因编码cDNA,通过PCR技术构建大肠杆菌重组表达质粒pET32-ParaⅠ,并在parasinⅠ基因5’-端引入Xa因子酶切位点。重组载体转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)菌株后,在不同温度(37和20℃)条件下对阳性转化子进行异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达。结果表明:IPTG成功诱导了1个21 ku的融合蛋白表达,重组蛋白占菌体总蛋白质的45%～50%。在低温条件下产生的融合蛋白主要以可溶性形式存在。可溶性重组蛋白经亲和层析纯化后,用Χa因子进行酶切,酶切产物经琼脂孔扩散法抑菌活性检测,结果显示其对金黄色葡萄球菌有一定抑制作用。本试验实现了parasinⅠ的重组表达,表达产物经Χa因子酶切后具抑菌活性。     

大肠杆菌O157:H7菌毛分子伴侣基因的克隆与表达

根据Genebank中已登录的大肠杆菌O157:H7菌株EDL933基因序列中茵毛分子伴侣ycbR基因序列设计1对引物,并分别在其5'端分别加入Neo I、Xho I酶切位点,以大肠杆菌O157:H7国内分离株97094的DNA为模板,用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增出710 bp的DNA片段.回收并纯化该DNA片段,用限制性核酸内切酶Nco I、Xho I同时消化DNA片段和双酶切栽体质粒pET28a(+).将它们回收纯化并连接,然后转化到宿主菌大肠杆菌DH5a,从该菌中提取重组质粒,用PCR、限制性内切酶位点分析及核苷酸序列测定法对克隆的重组质粒进行鉴定,表明ycbR基因定向克隆到了载体质粒pET28a(+).再将重组质粒转化到表达宿主菌大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在含Kan抗生素LB培养基中经IPTG诱导12～16 h,做SDS-PAGE分析,表明ycbR基因在菌株中获得高效表达,表达蛋白相对分子质量大小约为30 000,与预期结果一致.为研究大肠杆菌ycbR基因产物的功能和致病作用奠定了基础.     

新城疫病毒F蛋白和禽致病性大肠杆菌OmpA嵌合蛋白的表达及双特异性抗体制备

为获得Ⅶ型新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus, NDV)融合蛋白(fusion protein, F蛋白)和O18型禽致病性大肠杆菌(avian pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC)外膜基因A(outer-membrane proteases, OmpA)嵌合蛋白和双特异性抗体，试验首先采用基因合成技术获得Ⅶ型NDV F基因和O18型APEC的OmpA基因片段，使用同源重组技术将F基因插入到OmpA基因中，再将重组基因片段插入到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中构建嵌合表达质粒，对重组质粒中的插入基因序列进行测序鉴定；将序列正确的嵌合表达质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21(Rosetta)感受态细胞中，利用IPTG诱导嵌合蛋白表达，使用SDS-PAGE和Western-blot检验嵌合蛋白的表达情况；纯化嵌合蛋白后免疫兔获得抗血清，抗血清再经抗原亲和纯化层析柱纯化获得多克隆抗体，采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)测定抗体效价。结果表明：成功合成了Fo和OmpA1、OmpA...     

弓形虫ROP2基因的克隆及原核表达

应用PCR技术从刚地弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）RH株的基因组DNA中扩增编码棒状体蛋白ROP2（rh—potryprotein2）的部分基因，构建pGEX—KG—ROP2重组表达质粒，经酶切、PCR及DNA测序鉴定后，将阳性质粒转入E．coli BL21CodonPlus中，在IPTG诱导下表达，表达产物用SDS—PAGE和Western—blot分析鉴定。结果表明，扩增的ROP2基因与GenBank上发表的相应基因序列的同源性达99.9％，该基因可以在大肠杆菌中高效表达，表达的ROP2融合蛋白表观相对分子质量约为64000，可被兔抗弓形虫免疫血清识别。     

新城疫病毒HN蛋白抗原表位分析及结构域基因原核表达

以本实验室构建的含新城疫病毒血凝素-神经氨酸酶基因重组质粒为模板，设计引物通过PCR和重叠-延伸PCR扩增，获得HNa、HNb和HNa-L-b三种抗原结构域基因片段，BamHⅠ／HindⅢ双酶切定向克隆到原核表达载体pET32c，获得重组质粒分别命名为pET32c—HNa、pET32c-HNb和pET32c．HNa—L—b。重组质粒转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞BL21，筛选出阳性克隆，诱导表达并取产物进行分析。结果表明，HNa、HNb、HNa-L-b结构域基因片段均获得了融合表达。Western-blotting分析证实表达产物HNa和HNb与NDV阳性血清具有免疫反应性。本试验结果为进一步研究HN蛋白抗原结构域的免疫原性以及HN蛋白与F蛋白在细胞融合中的相互作用奠定了基础。     

牛瑟氏泰勒虫P33表面蛋白基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

应用PCR方法扩增了牛瑟氏泰勒虫吉林株P33表面蛋白基因片段,并将扩增产物与pMD18-T载体连接,重组质粒经PCR、双酶切鉴定后测序;构建P33重组pGEX-4T-3表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL-21,经IPTG诱导表达后.进行SDS-PAGE、免疫印记分析.结果显示,获得P33基因完整开放阅读框长868 bp,编码292个氨基酸,与中国株同源性为99.1%;表达的融合蛋白相对分子质量为59 000,能被牛瑟氏泰勒虫阳性血清识别,表明该融合蛋白具有较好的免疫原性.     

肠毒素性大肠杆菌K99-ST1融合基因的克隆及原核表达

为有效预防肠毒素性大肠杆菌（ETEC）引起的犊牛和羔羊腹泻,将PCR扩增获得的ETECK99菌毛抗原基因和人工合成的ST1基因片段,借助pUCm—T载体,构建了重组质粒pUCm-K99-ST1,从而获得了融合基因K99-ST1;使用EcoRⅠ＋SalⅠ双酶切将该融合基因定向插入表达载体pET-30a中,成功构建了表达载体pET—K99-ST1,将其转入表达菌株BL21（DE3）中,经IPTG诱导,获得31ku的蛋白;Western—blotting结果显示,该融合蛋白可与K99阳性血清发生特异性反应。     

新孢子虫SAG1-SRS2融合基因真核表达质粒的构建及表达

根据犬新孢子虫NcSAG1-NcSRS2融合基因序列,设计了1对含有Kozak序列、终止密码子、BamHⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切位点的引物,以含有NcSAG1-NcSRS2融合基因的质粒pGEX-tNcP43-P36为模板,经PCR扩增获得NcSAG1-NcSRS2融合基因片段,用BamHⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切该片段,回收得到含有以上2个酶切位点黏端的NcSAG1-NcSRS2融合基因,将此基因片段克隆至相同酶切回收后的pcDNA3.1（＋）真核表达载体中,获得重组质粒pcNCSAG1-SRS2。经PCR鉴定、限制性内切酶酶切分析和克隆片段序列测定、比较,证实了重组质粒的正确性。将构建好的真核表达质粒转染到COS-7细胞中进行瞬时表达,经免疫荧光检测,证实了该载体能在细胞内进行蛋白表达。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …