杂交籼稻恢复系稻米淀粉RVA谱特征相关及聚类分析

测定早造种植收获的42个恢复系和7个不同蒸煮及食味对照稻米淀粉RVA谱特征值,对其进行了相关分析和系统聚类分析。结果表明如下：（1）恢复系RVA谱特征值变异系数最大是SBV,依次是BDV,CSV,CPV,HPV,最小是PKV。（2）各RVA谱特征值表现较好相关性。RVA谱特征值3个基本粘度间,只有HPV与CPV表现极显著正相关。PKV与BDV呈极显著正相关,与SBV和CSV均分别呈极显著负相关;HPV、CPV与BDV分别呈显著、极显著负相关,HPV、CPV分别与SBV和CSV均呈极显著正相关。BDV、SBV和CSV均分别呈极显著负相关,而SBV和CSV呈极显著正相关。（3）RVA谱特征值可分为3大类型,三类型区分主要依据SBV,Ⅰ类型SBV最高(37.4RVU～156.8RVU),Ⅱ类型SBV最低(-141.2RVU～-86.0RVU),而Ⅲ类型SBV介于两者之间(-83.6RVU～23.7RVU);在两极端类型Ⅰ类型和Ⅱ类型之间区分还可依据BDV和CSV指标。Ⅰ类型亚类间区分主要依据PKV和CPV,Ⅱ类型亚类区分依据PKV,Ⅲ类型亚类区分则比较复杂,依据PKV、HPV、BDV、SBV和CSV指标组合。     

不同粳稻品种和DH群体稻米淀粉RVA谱特征与蒸煮理化指标及相关分析

测定18个日本品种（系）、18个江苏品种（系）及3个DH群体粳稻稻米淀粉RVA谱特征值和蒸煮理化指标并分析了不同测定值间的相关性，结果表明如下：（1）江苏品种（系）峰值黏度（PKV）、热浆黏度（HPV）、冷胶黏度（CPV）、回复值（CSV）和直链淀粉含量（AC）均高于日本品种（系），糊化开始温度（PaT）低于日本品种（系），崩解值（BDV）、消减值（SBV）和胶稠度（GC）则差异不显著。根据RVA谱特征值将品种分为4种类型。（2）3个DH群体的RVA谱特征值和蒸煮理化指标均有广泛变异和超亲现象，其中以SBV变异系数最大。（3）各RVA谱特征值间有较好的相关性，PKV、HPV和CPV之间相互呈极显著正相关，PKV、HPV与BDV分别呈显著或极显著正相关，HPV、CPV、SBV与CSV分别呈极显著正相关，BDV与SBV呈极显著负相关，5个群体表现出比较好的一致性。另外，在3个DH群体中，CPV与BDV也呈现极显著正相关，PaT与PKV、BDV均呈显著或极显著正相关，PaT与SBV呈极显著负相关。（4）3个DH群体的蒸煮理化指标与RVA谱特征值的关系也很密切，AC与SBV显著或极显著正相关，与PaT显著或极显著负相关；GC与PKV、BDV、PaT极显著正相关，与SBV极显著负相关。用HPV、CPV、SBV、CSV和PaT5个特征值能较好反映稻米食味品质的优劣。     

不同稻米食味及食味特性的比较

为了探讨优质食味品种的特征特性,建立简便易行的稻米食味评价方法,通过对米饭食味的感官评价,淀粉RVA谱特征值、食味值、硬度和粘度的测定等,研究米饭的主要品质及优质食味元素。结果表明,评价和选择优质食味品种可以主要进行米饭品尝评定、食味值测定和综合评价。自然存放一年的‘吉粳509’食味特性较差,‘津稻291’和‘津稻102’食味特性较好。优质食味稻米分为越光型（Ⅰ型）、津稻102型（Ⅱ型）和津稻291型（Ⅲ型）。培育‘中国越光’、‘津稻102’等类型,培育适合多型人群需要的多型品种,是育种者面临的迫切任务。     

不同生态环境下稻米淀粉RVA谱特征值的QTL定位分析

利用2个直链淀粉含量相似的水稻品种93-11和日本晴为亲本, 采取单粒传法创建由190个家系组成的重组自交系群体, 并构建了包含202个SSR、CAPs和STS标记的遗传连锁图谱。采用复合区间作图法, 在3个不同生态环境下(陵水、合肥和怀远)对RVA谱特征值(峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值、冷胶黏度、消减值、峰值时间、起浆温度和回复值)的8个特征性状进行了定位分析。共定位到57个QTL, 单个性状QTL数目在1~14个之间, 说明RVA谱特征值是多基因控制的数量性状。13个QTL在3个不同环境中被2次或3次检测到, 其中qCPV-3、qCPV-10b、qSBV-10b、qCSV-3b、qCSV-10b(贡献率分别为, 26.9%、29.5%、29.7%、25.2%、28.3%)被3次检测到, 稳定性较高。16个QTL具有一因多效性, 单个QTL位点控制的性状一般在2~6个之间, 第10染色体RM25032~RM1375区段控制峰值黏度、热浆黏度、冷胶黏度、消减值、峰值时间和回复值等6个性状。     

水稻Wxmp背景下SSIIa和SSIIIa等位变异及其互作对蒸煮食味品质的影响

In order to explain the variation of eating and cooking quality (ECQ) in different semi-waxy rice lines with Wx^mp allele, sixty-four semi-waxy lines with Wx^mp were developed by crossing from Wujing 13 and Kantou 194 (Milky Princess). The polymorphism of markers between the two parents was detected in soluble starch synthesis genes SSIIa and SSIIIa but not in other starch synthesis related genes. Genetic effects of SSIIa and SSIIIa on the amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC), gelatinization temperature (GT) and rapid visco analyzer (RVA) profile characteristics were analyzed in Wx^mp rice lines. The results showed that SSIIa and SSIIIa had significant effects on the characteristic values of AC, GT, GC and RVA profile, and the interactive effects existed between the two genes. SSIIa² and SSIIIa² alleles (² indicated that allele was derived from Wujing 13, the same as in the below) had a tendency to increase AC by 1.87% and 1.23%, respectively. This result was consistent in two years. There was no significant effect on GT for SSIIa and SSIIIa allelic variation, whereas the GT of SSIIa¹SSIIIa¹(¹ indicated that the genes were derived from Kantou 194, the same as in the below) was significantly higher than that of SSIIa²SSIIIa² by 1.34 °C. This indicated that GT was not significantly affected by single gene of SSIIa and SSIIIa but was remarkably influenced by the interaction of the two genes. The GC was significant varied among rice lines with different genotypes. The SSIIa² and SSIIIa¹ alleles could increase GC of 8.74 mm and 9.62 mm respectively. From the interaction of the two genes, the GC of SSIIa²SSIIIa¹ genotype was 10.64 mm higher than the SSIIa¹SSIIIa² genotype, and was 16.95 mm higher than the SSIIa²SSIIIa² genotype. The allele SSIIa² increased the peak viscosity (PKV), hot paste viscosity (HPV), cool paste viscosity (CPV) and breakdown viscosity (BDV), but decreased the consistency viscosity (CSV) and setback viscosity (SBV). However, the effect of allele SSIIIa² was just the opposite, which decreased the PKV, HPV, CPV, BDV and increased CSV and SBV. For the combination of SSIIa and SSIIIa, SSIIa²SSIIIa¹ genotype showed the largest values in PKV, HPV and CPV, SSIIa²SSIIIa²genotype showed the largest values in BDV and CSV, and SSIIa²SSIIIa¹ genotype showed the least value in SBV. These results provide a theoretical basis for improving eating and cooking quality of semi-waxy japonica rice.     

Fine mapping of stable QTLs related to eating quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by CSSLs harboring small target chromosomal segments

Amylose content (AC) and viscosity profile are primary indices for evaluating eating and cooking qualities of rice grain. Using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs), previous studies identified a QTL cluster of genes for rice eating and cooking quality in the interval R727–G1149 on chromosome 8. In this study we report two QTLs for viscosity parameters, respectively controlling setback viscosity (SBV) and consistency viscosity (CSV), located in the same interval using rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA) profile as an indicator of eating quality. Previously reported QTL for AC was dissected into two components with opposite genetic effects. Of four QTLs, qCSV-8 and qAC-8-2 had stable genetic effects across three and four environments, respectively. qSBV-8, qCSV-8 and qAC-8-1 partly overlapped, but were separated from qAC-8-2. Based on data from an Affymetrix rice GeneChip, two genes related to starch biosynthesis at the qAC-8-2 locus were chosen for further quantitative expression analysis. Both genes showed enhanced expression in sub-CSSLs carrying the target qAC-8-2 allele, but not in sub-CSSLs without the target qAC-8-2 allele, indicating their possible role in rice quality determination. Molecular markers closely linked to the two stable QTL provide the opportunity for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding high quality rice.     

攀西地区稻米淀粉RVA谱的影响因子及其垂直变化特点

通过两年在攀西地区不同海拔的分期播种试验研究表明,在稻米淀粉RVA谱各特征参数中以消减值（SBV）受环境条件的影响最大。栽培地点不同,稻米淀粉的RVA谱有较大差异,最高黏度（PKV）、崩解值（BDV）与种植地的海拔高度和纬度之间,呈三维凸型曲面关系,随着种植地海拔的升高,PKV和BDV先升后降,因此存在高值区域即“最优区”不尽相同,粳型品种“最优区”的海拔高度较籼型品种高。RKV与播种期之间呈二次函数关系,但BDV随播种期的推迟而降低,SBV则随播种期的推迟而升高,因此应适时播种。在气候因子中,PKV、BDV与齐穗后20d的平均温度、最高温度、最低温度和日照时数正相关,而SBV则相反,不同品种的RVA谱对温度的敏感性不同。     

不同生态条件下籼稻米饭质地和淀粉RVA谱的特性

研究了6个籼稻品种在大范围不同的生态环境条件下,米饭质地和淀粉RVA特征谱的变化。结果表明,供试样品的米饭质地指标硬度和黏度存在极显著环境主效应,环境与品种互作效应在硬度、黏附性和黏度3个性状中均极显著。6项RVA特征值（峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度、崩解值、消减值和回复值）均存在极显著环境主效应;环境与品种互作效应在上述性状中,均极显著;且生态条件对RVA谱的影响因品种不同而异。6个试验点中,米饭质地指标黏附性的变异系数最小;RVA的热浆黏度、最终黏度、峰值黏度、崩解值和回复值以及米饭质地的硬度、黏度值的变异系数较小;RVA的消减值的变异系数最大。     

云南稻种资源胚乳蛋白质的变异

本文报道了对云南省100个水稻样品, 其中包括81个地方种、 10个改良种和9个低 直 链淀粉含量突变体进行十二烷硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析的结果。 从电泳 带谱上可以看出： 高分子蛋白质(第10条和第11条带), 谷朊α-3亚基及低分子蛋白质( 第 56条和第57条带)均有变异。 根据电泳带谱变异, 可将水稻样品分成7     

Phytochemical distribution and antioxidant activities of Korean adzuki bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vigna angularis</Emphasis>) landraces

Total polyphenol content (TPC), total phenolic acid content (TPA), and total flavonoid content (TFC) in 209 Korean adzuki bean landraces were determined by colorimetric methods. Antioxidant effects were evaluated with the DPPH, ABTS, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reducing power (RP), and SOD assays. TPC, TPA, and TFC in the 209 Korean adzuki bean landraces ranged from 1.1 to 11.7 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, 0.37 to 5.03 mg caffeic acid equivalents/g, and 0.17 to 0.91 mg quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. Antioxidant activities as assessed by the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, PR, and SOD assays showed wide variation, ranging from 12.2 to 86.3 (IC₅₀), 0.85 to 5.25 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (ASC)/g, 0.41 to 5.44 mg ASC/g, 0.54 to 1.83 mg ASC/g, and 60.4 to 142.8 (IC₅₀), respectively. Using the relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI), we found that the IT189394 had the highest antioxidant activity. In clustering analysis, 209 Korean adzuki bean landraces were classified into three clusters. Among them, cluster I contained 22 landraces with higher antioxidant activities, TPC, TFC, and TPA and smaller seed sizes than the other clusters. We anticipate that these results will provide useful information for the development of adzuki bean-based functional foods.     

DNA markers for eating quality of indica rice in Indonesia

Rice eating quality is considered to be one of the top priorities in determining the agronomical value of rice; thus, the rapid evaluation of eating quality at early breeding generations in breeding programmes for better eating quality is of great importance. In an attempt to develop DNA markers associated with eating quality of indica rice, we used multiple regression analysis to test 54 markers, which were preselected for their possible association with eating quality, using 24 indica varieties with different palatability scores. Of these markers, eighteen markers were found to be significantly associated with palatability according to sensory evaluation. Accordingly, a marker set in the model regression equation with a high R² (0.997) was formulated to estimate indica rice palatability. Validation suggests that markers and the statistical parameters formulated by the equation could be a potential tool to predict the palatability of cooked Indonesian indica rice and could be reliable in developing country‐dependent model equations for eating quality.     

利用DH群体分析水稻产量与蒸煮品质的遗传相关性

以粳稻农垦57和武运粳8号杂交衍生的DH群体为材,分析了各株系产量和蒸煮品质之间的关系。结果表明,在DH群体中有效穗数、每穗粒数、着粒密度、单株产量与PKV、 HPV、BDV、CPV、SBV、CSV显著或极显著相关,而其他产量性状与品质指标间没有显著的相关关系。利用在亲本间表现多态性的60个SSR标记分析了DH群体各株系的基因型,单标记分析和复合区间作图结果显示,第7染色体上RM234~RM505区间内存在同时控制单株产量、PKV、HPV和CPV的QTL,在第6染色体的RM454~RM162同时存在控制着粒密度、BDV、SBV的QTL。没有发现共同控制单株产量和最能反映蒸煮品质的BDV和SBV的相关QTL。总之,水稻产量和蒸煮品质性状确实存在一定程度的相关性,但通过优化产量构成因子的结构,选择合适的品质性状相关基因可以实现优质与高产的重组,从而培育优质、高产水稻新品种。     

稻米淀粉黏滞性QTL定位及其G×E互作分析

用珍汕97B/密阳46构建RIL群体及其遗传图谱,经海南和杭州两地遗传试验,以精米粉RVA谱5个参数特征值PKV、HPV、CPV、BDV和SBV作为研究稻米淀粉黏滞性的指标,运用检测QTL主效应、上位性效应和G×E互作效应的遗传分析方法,进行QTL联合分析。结果表明, (1)在检测到涉及5个性状的9个主效应QTL中,除PKV位于第5染色体qPKV5外,其余8个QTL均位于第6染色体上;(2)5个性状均检测到位于第6染色体RM197-RZ516区间的主效应QTL,很可能它们为同一基因,该基因还与Wx基因处于相同区域;(3)检测到与PKV、HPV、CPV、BDV等4个性状有关的QTL主效基因均表现有G×E互作,且方向一致,在海南试验中有增效作用;(4)还检测到涉及5个性状的10对上位性互作效应,但均未发现有显著的上位性×环境互作效应。     

稻米淀粉RVA谱特征及其与理化品质性状相关性的研究

测定了四川地区种植的124个水稻品种的RVA谱特征值及各项理化品质指标, 分析了RVA谱各特征值间, 及其与各项理化品质指标间的相关性, 并分析了不同直链淀粉含量(AC)品种的RVA谱特征值差异, 结果表明, RVA谱6个特征值之间, 最高黏度(PKV)与冷胶黏度(CPV)、回复值(CSV)相关不显著, 热浆黏度(HPV)与崩解值(BDV)相关显著, 其余均相关极显著。AC、胶稠度(GC)与RVA谱6个特征值均极显著相关, 而碱消值(ASV)与RVA谱6个特征值相关均不显著, 说明AC和GC是影响RVA谱特征值的两个重要理化品质指标。不同AC品种间的RVA谱不尽相同, 一般而言, AC越高的品种崩解值越小, 而消减值和回复值越大。     

水稻种子蛋白质含量及组分在品种间的变异与分布

采用近红外光谱技术测定分析了351份不同类型水稻品种(系)糙米中的蛋白质含量,结果显示粗蛋白含量在9.3%~17.7%之间,平均为12.4%;籼稻平均蛋白质含量为13.2%,比粳稻高约1个百分点。蛋白质含量低的粳稻品种明显偏多,表现出明显的遗传不平衡现象。现有生产上主栽品种稻米蛋白质含量大多处于中等水平,而高蛋白粳稻种质极少。但仍有部分蛋白质含量极高或低的种质,如饲料稻、早籼稻和一些籼粳交后代品系蛋白质含量较高,而部分粳稻和外来籼稻品种中的蛋白质含量较低。因此可以从一些地方品种、外来品种以及籼粳交后代中筛选到极端类型的种质,为遗传育种提供研究的原材料。SDS-PAGE分析结果显示不同类型水稻间各贮藏蛋白组分具一定差异。     

不同施肥处理对水稻产量、食味品质及蛋白质组分的影响

对粳稻品种津原45进行5种不同类型肥料的田间试验,研究了5种不同施肥处理对水稻产量、品质、淀粉谱特性及蛋白质组分的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,采用不同施肥处理对水稻有显著的增产作用,各施肥处理分别增产20.42%-56.94%;处理Ⅱ（常规施肥）获得了最高的产量;处理Ⅳ（拟日本稻作法）增产最少;处理Ⅲ（有机肥）和处理Ⅴ（东洋生物肥）的稻米产量略低于处理Ⅱ。直链淀粉含量在各处理间差异显著,蛋白质含量无显著差异。处理Ⅳ的崩解值最高,为84.58RVU,消减值最低,仅为10.00RVU,食味值为65.5,食味最好;处理Ⅱ的崩解值最低,为67.75RVU,消减值最高为23.50 RVU,食味值为54.0,食味最差。各蛋白质组分含量与食味值的相关均未达到显著水平,醇溶蛋白含量与最高粘度和最终粘度呈显著负相关,谷蛋白含量与最高粘度呈显著负相关,其他蛋白质组分含量与淀粉谱特性中的各项指标间相关均未达到显著水平。处理Ⅲ（有机肥）和处理Ⅴ（东洋生物肥）较好地兼顾了产量和品质,是较为可行的施肥方法。     

水稻种子蛋白质含量及组分在品种间的变异与分布

采用近红外光谱技术测定分析了351份不同类型水稻品种(系)糙米中的蛋白质含量,结果显示粗蛋白含量在9.3%~17.7%之间,平均为12.4%;籼稻平均蛋白质含量为13.2%,比粳稻高约1个百分点。蛋白质含量低的粳稻品种明显偏多,表现出明显的遗传不平衡现象。现有生产上主栽品种稻米蛋白质含量大多处于中等水平,而高蛋白粳稻种质极少。但仍有部分蛋白质含量极高或低的种质,如饲料稻、早籼稻和一些籼粳交后代品系蛋白质含量较高,而部分粳稻和外来籼稻品种中的蛋白质含量较低。因此可以从一些地方品种、外来品种以及籼粳交后代中筛选到极端类型的种质,为遗传育种提供研究的原材料。SDS-PAGE分析结果显示不同类型水稻间各贮藏蛋白组分具一定差异。     

Variation of seed storage proteins in landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Basilicata,Southern Italy

Summary Twenty landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Sarconi and Rotonda two locations of Basilicata, a Southern Italy region, were screened for variation in seed storage proteins (phaseolin and phytohemagglutinin) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE and IEF-SDS/PAGE). No variation of the main seed protein fractions was observed within each landrace. Phaseolin patterns type C and T were exhibited from the landraces; the type C resulted predominant with a frequency of 70%. Only the C type was observed for the landraces of Rotonda, T and C for those from Sarconi. Two variants were observed for the phytohemagglutinin by SDS-PAGE, one was common to eighteen landraces. However, these variants submitted to IEF-SDS/PAGE resulted similar to the type T_G2described by Brown. The importance to safeguard these landraces is stressed by the observation that the more spread commercial cultivars of common bean growing in Southern-Italy had a T phaseolin pattern. A reduction of C type diffusion could produce the loss a typical trait of common bean in Mediterranean regions.     

贵州禾落粒性基因qSH1调控区SNP分析

贵州禾是在贵州省黔东南地区种植的一类特殊的稻种,为探究其遗传特性,本研究对49份贵州禾和来源中国11个省市(自治区)和韩日的112份稻种的落粒性基因qSH1调节区序列进行测序分析.结果 表明,161份供试品种在696个碱基序列上存在13个变异位点,归为6种DNA单倍型,在功能位点12 290上,仅H6为T,属不易落粒单...     

稻米主要品质性状的相关及主成分分析

为了提高水稻新品种（系）品质性状的选择效率,为水稻品质育种提供理论依据,以22个天津市部分新育成水稻品系为材料,分析其稻米理化特性、淀粉RVA谱特征值、食味值和米饭理化指标之间的关系。结果表明,所测定的13项品质指标在供试品系间均存在着极显著差异;在稻米理化特性中,直链淀粉含量的变异系数最小,蛋白质含量的变异系数最大,在稻米淀粉谱特性中,最高粘度、崩解值、消碱值的品系间变异系数较大。稻米蒸煮食味特性间相关分析的结果表明,食味值与直链淀粉含量和消碱值呈极显著负相关,r=-0.630**和r=-0.736**,与最高粘度和崩解值呈极显著正相关,r=0.695**和r=0.618**。在主成分分析中,被入选的4个主成分的贡献率达82.39%,其中第一主成分因子的贡献最大,达到了44.21%,在第一主成分中,因子负荷量比较大的品质特性有消碱值、直链淀粉含量。利用主成分分析法对22个水稻品系的主要品质性状进行综合评价,在水稻品质食味育种改良过程中,第一、四主成分适当减小,第二、四主成分适当增大有利于水稻的食味品质改良。