Toxicity of insecticides and effects on the behavior of the blood clamAnadara granosa

The toxicity of organophosphate insecticides, mainly phosphamidon, monocrotophos and dichlorvos to the blood clamAnadara granosa, occurring in Kakinada Bay of the Godavari estuarine system was measured. The LC₅₀ values of three insecticides for 24,48,72 and 96 hr exposure ranged from 4.26 to 11.53 mg L^?1 for phosphamidon, 3.50 to 9.31 mg L^?1 for monocrotophos and 1.79 to 6.20 mg L^?1 for dichlorvos. Dichlorvos proved highly toxic even at low concentrations compared to either phosphamidon or monocrotophos. The animals showed decreasing activity with increasing insecticide concentrations and duration of exposure. However, there was no marked difference in the toxicity between phosphamidon and monocrotophos.     

Evaluation of nanosilicon dioxide and chitosan on tissue culture of apple under agar-induced osmotic stress

In vitro, applications of nanosilicon dioxide (SiO₂) and chitosan were investigated for their effects on growth and proliferation of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Gala’) explants under osmotic stress induced by agar to simulate drought stress and under non-stressed conditions. The experiment included five levels of SiO₂ (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg L^?1), two levels of chitosan (0 and 40 mg L^?1), and two levels of agar (7 g L^?1 and 9 g L^?1) added to Murashige and Skoog medium. Under non-stressed conditions (7 g L^?1 agar), application of SiO₂ at 50 or 100 mg ^?1 increased proliferation of apple explants. Use of 50 or 100 mg L^?1 SiO₂ or 40 mg L^?1 chitosan increased growth of apple explants under osmotic stress (9 g L^?1 agar). This research suggests that use of SiO₂ or chitosan may improve plant growth and tolerance to stress.     

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of lead to the early life stages of smallmouth bass (Micropterus Dolomieui)

The early life stages of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) were exposed to Pb in acute (96 hr) and sub-chronic (90 day) bioassays (water hardness = 152 mg L^?1 as CaCO₃). After 96-hr static exposures at nominal Pb concentrations up to 15.9 mg L^?1, eggs and sac fry showed no increased mortality over that in controls. Swim-up fry (96-hr LC₅₀ = 2.8 mg Pb L^?1) were more sensitive to Pb exposure than were fingerlings (96-hr LC₅₀ of 29.0 mg Pb L^?1 ). The relation between dissolved Pb and mortality was non-significant for either swim-up fry or fingerlings. Fingerlings were exposed to Pb concentrations as high as 405 μg L^?1 for 90 day to evaluate effects on substrate selection, locomotor activity, hematology, and weight. Dark or light substrate selection (cover-seeking) and locomotor activity, weight and hemoglobin concentration in the blood were not significantly altered by any treatment. Hematocrit and leucocrit varied significantly but not in relation to Pb levels. Sub-chronic Pb exposure did not appear to represent a threat to smallmouth bass in waters of medium hardness and above-neutral pH (7.1 to 7.9).     

EFFECT OF ZINC ON CADMIUM TOXICITY IN WINTER WHEAT

This nutrient solution experiment investigated the effects of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) on winter wheat growth and enzymatic activity. Twelve nutrient solution treatments were prepared of four zinc levels (0, 0.5, 5 and 50 mg L^?1) and three cadmium levels (0, 5 and 50 mg L^?1). Cadmium concentrations ≥5 mg L^?1 decreased plant growth, superoxide dismutase activity, and leaf and stem zinc concentrations, but increased plant cadmium concentrations, proline content, and peroxidase and catalase activities. Root activity and zinc concentration were highest in the 5 mg L^?1 treatment and lowest in the 50 mg L^?1 treatment. Zinc concentrations ≥5 mg L^?1 inhibited plant growth, but increased proline content and cadmium concentration in stems and leaves. Low levels of zinc (0.5 mg L^?1) increased cadmium-induced toxicity in wheat plants but high levels of zinc (50 mg L^?1) reduced. In conclusion, these results indicated that the addition of zinc alleviated cadmium toxicity if the zinc/cadmium ratio was >10/1. Additional study needs to be done to quantify zinc content before zinc is supplied to alleviate cadmium toxicity.     

Reduction in tolerance to progressive hypoxia in the central stoneroller minnow following sublethal exposure to phenol

Acute exposure of the central stoneroller minnow to sublethal levels of phenol was found to decrease the ability of this species to tolerate hypoxic conditions as indicated by the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration at which loss of equilibrium occurred. For fishes acclimated at 7.5 °C, loss of equilibrium occurred at progressively higher DO levels as the phenol exposure concentration was increased from 0 to 12 mg phenol L^?1. Mean DO concentrations at which loss of equilibrium occurred ranged from 2.33 ± 0.10 mg O₂ L^?1. for the control group (0 mg phenol L^?1. to 2.76 ± 0.14 mg O₂ L^?1. (at 12 mg phenol L^?1. Loss of equilibrium also occurred at progressively higher DO levels in fish acclimated at 23 °C, but only after an initial decrease among the 6 mg phenol L^?1. test fish in the loss of equilibrium DO concentration. At 23 °C, loss of equilibrium occurred at DO levels ranging from 1.3 ± 0.09 mg O₂ L^?1. (6 mg phenol L^?1. to 2.33 ± 0.16 mg O₂ L^?1. (12 mg phenol L^?1. These data indicate that acute exposures to sublethal levels of phenol can have significant effects on the ability of the stoneroller minnow to tolerate conditions of low DO, and the results agree with the previously reported relationship between phenol toxicity and DO levels.     

The Influence of Water Hardness, pH, and Suspended Solids on Nickel Toxicity to Larval Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas)

Nickel (Ni) is an ubiquitous, naturally occurring metalthat is associated with metal mining and other industrialactivities. Despite elevated Ni concentrations reportedfor many industrial receiving waters, Ni receives littleresearch attention addressing factors influencing itstoxicity to freshwater fish. This study examined theinfluence of water hardness, pH, and total suspended solids(TSS) in soft, reconstituted water on Ni toxicity to larvalfathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Increasingwater hardness from 20 to 140 mg L^-1 (as CaCO₃) reduced acute Ni toxicity by 5-fold (96-h LC50s 0.45 and 2.27 mg Ni L^-1, respectively). Low pH had a slight protective effect against Ni toxicity relative to neutral pH conditions. At pH 5.5, the 96-h LC50 was 0.69 mg Ni L^-1, compared to 0.54 mg Ni L^-1 at pH 7.0. However,Ni toxicity was significantly reduced at pH 8.5 where the 96-h LC50 was 2.21 mg Ni L^-1. These results were explainedon the basis of Ni speciation. Total suspended solids also reduced Ni toxicity (expressed as 96-h LC50s) from 0.35 to 1.12 mg Ni L^-1 over a TSS range of 10 to 100 mg L^-1.This reduction of toxicity due to TSS is significant becausemine effluents often have a combination of elevated TSS andmetals. The ameliorative effect of TSS was not as significantas high hardness or pH probably because there is a TSS threshold, after which physical irritation to fish gills counteracts any protective effect conferred by TSS. This finding is relevant to choices made in design of mine effluenttreatment systems; i.e., there may be an optimum range ofTSS concentrations that protect aquatic biota againsteffects of metals that remain after treatment.     

Toxicity of lead to clarias lazera,oreochromis niloticus,chironomus tentans and benacus sp.

The 48 and 96-hr LC50 values of Pb (Pb(NO₃)₂) with O. niloticus were 3.34 and 2.15 mg L^?1, respectively, compared to 1.91 and 1.72 mg L^?1, respectively, for C. lazera. C. tentans larvae and Benacus sp. demonstrated 48-hr LC 50 of 2.68 and 1.89 mg l^?1 respectively. The 96-hr LC50 value was 1.77 mg L^?1 for Chironomus and 1.36 mg L^?1 for Benacus. Clarias appeared to be the most susceptible of the four to Pb poisoning; Chironomus being the least susceptible. Uptake pattern of Pb by fingerlings of O. niloticus and C. lazera exposed to 0.33 and 0.27 mg L^?1 Pb, respectively, and the clearance of accumulated Pb were curvilinear. There was an initial ‘fast’ phase of accumulation occurring during the first 96 hr, followed by a slower phase over the remaining 240 hr. Mean Pb concentrations in gills, intestine, liver, muscle, bone, skin and whole body of O. niloticus were 33.30, 22.2, 5.3, 2.8, 1.8 and 14.9 μg g^?1, respectively, compared to 28.7, 6.5, 11.5, 2.5, 5.6, 5.9 and 6.8 µg g^?1 respectively in C. lazera. The half life of Pb in Oreochromis was 20 hr compared to 43 hr in C. lazera. Bioconcentration factors in Oreochromis and Clarias were 78.3 and 33.8, respectively. The data suggest that O. niloticus accumulates and eliminates Pb faster than C. lazera.     

The toxicity of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) to the freshwater green alga Selenastrum capricornutum

RDX was not acutely toxic to the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum when tested at the solubility limit of the compound in algal assay media. A maximum reduction of 38% in cell density occurred after a 96-h exposure to 36.7 mg L^?1; thus, an EC50 could not be determined. The lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) and no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) for the green alga were 4.8 and 0.5 mg L^?1 (reduction in cell density), respectively, when chronic end points were used to analyze the data. A comparison of the data in this study with RDX toxicity data from the literature for the diatom Navicula pelliculosa, and the blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabeana flos-aquae shows that S. capricornutum is the most sensitive to RDX. A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) numerical water quality criterion Final Plant Value based on the green alga data should protect the above algal groups.     

Toxicity of uranium to Daphnia magna

The toxicity of U to Daphnia magna was determined in acute and chronic tests. The 48-hr LC₅₀ of U (VI) in Columbia River water was 6 mg L^?1. Acute toxicity diminished by a factor of 7.5 as mean water hardness and alkalinity values increased from 70 mg L^?1. and 57 mg L^?1. to 195 mg L^?1. and 130 mg L^?1. respectively. This effect was most likely the result of complexation of uranyl ion with carbonate ions. D. magna reproduction was suppressed in Columbia River water at U concentrations between 0.5 and 3.5 mg L^?1. Potential hazards of U to aquatic life are discussed as they relate to mining practices.     

Base additions to flowing acidic water: Effects on smolts of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Acidic, Al-rich soft water (pH=5.1, Ca=1.0 mg L^?1 and labile Al=160 μg Al L^?1) was treated by addition of soda (Na ₂Co₃) and lime slurry (CaCO₃). Seven different water qualities of each type of treatment, covering the pH-range 5.1 to 8.2, were prepared in a flow-through system. Smolts of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were used as test fish. In both types of treatment, mortality occurred at all pH-levels below 6.05. Above pH 6.05 no mortality occurred using lime slurry. Using soda, 10 % mortality occurred within 48 hr at pH above 7 due to the toxicity of aluminate at low levels of Ca. Plasma chloride levels indicated no physiological stress in the pH-range 6.45 to 7.0.     

A marine algal bioassay method: Results with pesticides and industrial wastes

A simple marine algal bioassay method is described for short- and long-term studies on pesticides and industrial wastes. It can be used for rapid screening of a variety of substances with single-species and multiplespecies tests and gives relative toxicities of the pollutants tested. Algae are grown in optically matched culture tubes that fit directly into a spectrophotometer, allowing population density to be estimated by absorbance without removal of samples. 96 h EC50 values for some pesticides and the diatomSkeletonema costatum are: EPN, 340 μg l^?1; carbophenothion, 109 μg l^?1; DEF, 366ug l^?1; ethoprop, 8.4 mg l^?1; methyl parathion, 5.3 mg l^?1; and phorate, 1.3 mg l^?1. Presence of the chelator EDTA in medium had no effect on toxicity of carbaryl toS. costatum, Nitzschia angularum, Chlorococcum sp. andChlorella sp. Liquid industrial wastes either stimulated growth, inhibited growth, or stimulated growth at low concentrations but inhibited it at higher concentrations. In mixed-species studies with the herbicide neburon, presence of a resistant species protected the sensitive species. Liquid industrial waste from a paper products plant caused changes in relative numbers, as compared to controls, whenS. costatum andPorphyridium cruentum were grown together.     

Effects of foliar selenium application on some physiological and phytochemical parameters of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sultana under salt stress

Abstract

In this research the effect of foliar application of selenium (Se) at four levels (Na₂OSe₄; 0, 5, 10 and 20?mg L^?1) was evaluated on some phytochemical characteristics of Sultana grapevine under different salinity levels (NaCl; 0 or 75?mM). The vines were fed twice a week with Hoagland nutrient solution and Se was foliar applied twice with 24 intervals. During growing period, plant height, leaf number and leaf area were recorded. Moreover, at the end of experiment, mature leaves from middle nods of canes were used for measurement of some phytochemical indices. According to results, Se application had a positive effect on plant height, leaf numbers, leaf area and photosynthetic pigments content especially at 5?mg L^?1 and to some extent 10?mg L^?1 Se levels. Under salinity stress, foliar application of Se at 5?mg L^?1 considerably decreased vines leaves electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation values compared to non se-treated plants under salinity stress condition. Selenium had an additive effect on salinity stress (75?mM NaCl) induced accumulation of total phenol, total flavonoid, soluble sugars and proline content in leave of vines. Moreover, the interaction of salinity and Se at 5 and 10?mg L^?1 improved leaves antioxidant enzymes activities in Sultana grapevine. Likewise, foliar application of Se improved leaf mineral content in 75?mM NaCl -treated vines. Totally, foliar application of selenium (Se at 5 or 10?mg L^?1) increased salt tolerance through improvement in nutritional balance and by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in grapevine leaves.     

Preventive effects of amino acids on the toxicity of copper to Daphnia magna

The protective role of 18 amino acids on the acute toxicity of Cu in a fresh water cladoceran, Daphnia magna is reported. One hundred percent mortality in 48 hr of exposure occured at 0.56 mg L^?1 of Cu or higher. A dose of each tested amino acid (10 mg L^?1 was found to significantly neutralize the toxic effect of Cu as evidenced by a decrease in mortality and a significant increase in the median survival time (LT50) value). The 48 hr LC50 value was 0.093 mg L^?1 for Cu alone, while the LC50s with Cu plus amino acids ranged from 0.438 to 2.516 mg L^?1 of Cu, suggesting a 4.7 to 27 fold decrease in acute toxicity of Cu. A significant difference between LC50 of Cu alone and Cu with amino acids was observed. The role of amino acids for protection against heavy metal pollution stress in aquatic animals is discussed.     

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF TOXICITY OF PHENOL,FORMALDEHYDE, AND INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS

The toxicity of pure phenol, formaldehyde, and industrial wastewater, containing phenol and formaldehyde, from a resin production plant was evaluated using aquatic organisms from different taxonomic groups. Test organisms included mixed bacterial culture, unicellular green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb., crustacea Daphnia pulex de Geer (daphnids), and fish Oncorhynchus mykiss Call, 1990 (rainbow trout). Formaldehyde was found to be more toxic to the mixed bacterial culture (120h EC₅₀ = 34.1 mg L^-1), algae (24h EC₅₀ = 14.7 mg L^-1), and crustacea (48h EC₅₀ = 5.8 mg L^-1) than phenol. Phenol proved to be more toxic to fish (48h LC₅₀ = 13.1 mg L^-1) than to the mixed bacterial culture (120h EC₅₀ = 510 mg L^-1), algae (24h EC₅₀ = 403 mg L^-1), and crustacea (48h EC₅₀ = 25 mg L^-1). The toxicity of the industrial wastewater to the mixed bacterial culture, algae, and crustacea was caused mainly by formaldehyde, but for fish the presence of phenol in the wastewater proved to be the significant reason for toxicity. Differences in sensitivity of the selected test organisms were also observed, with fish and crustacea being the most sensitive species.     

Acute Toxicity of Gramoxone to Oreochromis niloticus (Trewavas) in Nigeria

The acute toxicity of paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridinium dichloride) to fingerlings of Oreochromis niloticus (Trewavas) was determined in 96 hr staticbioassays. During the assays opercular ventilation and tailfin movement rates of the fish were determined.Haemotological parameters of the blood and histopathology ofthe gills were observed.The 96 hr LC₅₀ of paraquat to fingerlings of O. niloticus was observed to be 11.84 mg L^-1.Histopathology of gills of the fish exposed to 12.00 mgL^-1, and 14.20 mg L^-1 showed a dose-dependentdisruption of the architecture of the lamellae, filamenthyperplasia and atrophy, leading to impairment in oxygenuptake. Other symptoms of toxicosis in exposed fish includeloss of equilibrium; agitated swimming; air gulping;haemorrhaging of the gills, pectoral and pelvic fins; periodof quiescence and finally, death.     

Toxicological Effects of Three Polybromodiphenyl Ethers (BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-154) on Growth of Marine Algae Isochrysis galbana

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are highly persistent anthropogenic contaminants found in trace amounts in many environmental compartments far from their source areas, posing a risk to aquatic ecosystems. Our objective was to determine the relative toxicities of three BDEs, BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-154 on marine phytoplankton algae Isochrysis galbana. For a highly sensitive endpoint: the 72-h inhibition of autotrophic growth rate was calculated according to standards methods. Actual PBDE concentration was measured by GC-MS and toxicity parameters were calculated on the basis of time-weighted mean actual concentrations. No observable effect concentration (NOEC) values were 2.53???g?L^?1 for BDE-47, 3.48???g?L^?1 for BDE-99 and 12.3???g?L^?1 for BDE-154, and LOEC values were 5.06, 6.96 and 24.60???g?L^?1 for BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-154, respectively. The calculated IC₁₀ (the concentration inhibiting growth rate by 10?%) corresponded to 9.3, 12.78 and 54.6???g?L^?1 for BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-154, respectively. The 50?% inhibitions of growth rate (IC₅₀) values were: 25.7???g?L^?1 BDE-47, 30.0???g?L^?1 BDE-99 and 243.7???g?L^?1 BDE-154. Therefore, the acute toxicity of PBDEs decreases as the degree of bromination increases, the order of toxicity is BDE-47?>?BDE-99?>?BDE-154. Significant (p?<?0.05) adverse effects were observed for all compounds at concentrations >15???g?L^?1. Our results indicated that under laboratory conditions PBDEs inhibited the growth of marine phytoplankton at concentrations near 10???g?L^?1. However, further work is required to investigate long-term effects in these and other aquatic organisms.     

Cadmium and Copper Effects on Larval Development and Mortality of the Polychaete Capitella Sp Y from Estero Del Yugo, Mazatlan, Mexico

The effects of cadmium and copper on larval metamorphosis and mortality of cultured Capitella sp Y were investigated. Metatrochophore larvae were exposed to 0.013 (control), 0.030, 0.080, 0.120, and 0.170 mg Cd L^?1 and 0.017 (control), 0.025, 0.060, and 0.075 mg Cu L^?1 for 34 days. Larval mortality significantly (p < 0.01) increased with increasing Cd and Cu concentrations (Kruskal-Wallis test), with similar effects for both metals for day 10 (LC₅₀ = 0.035 mg Cd L^?1 and 0.035 mg Cu L^?1). Metamorphosis was inhibited in larvae exposed to the two metals in the absence of food, the effect of Cu being the most severe. This study suggests that Cd and Cu exposure could be harmful to early developmental stages of Capitella sp Y producing a delay in recruitment into natural populations.     

Localization of aluminum in tissues of fish

The concentrations of Al in fish gills has been used as a measure of fish exposure to this metal in acidified waters. This experiment was designed to determine if other fish tissues also accumulate Al and thus possibly contribute to the cause of death. Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exposed to the following fours test conditions for 48 hr or until death: (1) pH 6.8, <0.001 mg.L^?1 Al (n=6); (2) pH 5.2, <0.001 mg₁L^?1 Al (n=2);(3) pH 5.2,1.0 mg.L^?1 Al (n=5); (4) pH 6.8, 1.0 mg.L^?1 Al (n=3). The trout were held in synthetic, low Ca water prior to, and during, experimentation. Esophagus-stomach, gonad, gall bladder, gill (left and right), heart, intestine, kidney, liver, muscle (epaxial), and spleen were digested in a 4:1 mixture of HNO₃:HClO₄ and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrophotometry. Elevated Al concentrations were found in gill and gastrointestinal tissues. Left and right gills of fish exposed to pH 5.2, 1.0 mg.L^?1 Al were the only tissues found to be significantly different (p<0.01) between the test conditions. The mean total Al concentrations of these test 3 fish, for the left and right gill were 3.61 and 4.33 mg.g^?1 Al dw. The Al concentration in thle gastrointestinal tissues of the fish exposed to pH 6.8 at 1.0 mg.L^?1 Al was greater than that of the control fish, but not statistically significant. These results suggest that the analysis of whole gill remains an effective indicator of Al exposure in fishes at low pH.     

Physiological Effects of Different Combinations of Humic and Fulvic Acid on Gerbera

Flower quality loss, especially short postharvest life, is a major problem in gerbera production. An experiment was conducted to determine how different combinations of humic substances (HS) affect gerbera. Humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) applied to nutrient solutions in six combinations including control (nutrient solution only), 80 mg L^?1 HA + 20 mg L^?1 FA, 60 mg L^?1 HA + 40 mg L^?1 FA, 40 mg L^?1 HA + 60 mg L^?1 FA, 100 mg L^?1 FA, and 50 mg L^?1 FA. The HS application enhanced root architecture, nutrient content, number of harvested flowers, and vase life. Fifty (50) mg L^?1 FA extended vase life by 8 days and increased flower number (72.9%). Results suggest that HA and FA (especially 50 mg L^?1 FA) can improve quality and quantity of gerbera through improving root architecture, leading to enhanced nutrient uptake and possibly affecting hormone-like activities. It seems that using low concentrations of FA may be part of a solution in improving gerbera flower quality.     

Effects of NPK source on the dry matter partitioning in cool season C3-cereals (wheat,rye, barley,and oats) at various growth stages

Dry matter (DM) partitioning into root, leaf, stem, shoot dry weight plant^?1 response in four cool season C₃-cereals viz. wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) was investigated at 30, 60 and 90 days after emergence (DAE) under eight nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) sources: S₁ = 20-20-20, S₂ = 20-27-5, S₃ = 7-22-8, S₄ = 10-10-10-20S, S₅ = 11-15-11, S₆ = 31-11-11, S₇ = 24-8-16, and S₈ = 19-6-12 in pot experiment at Dryland Agriculture Institute, West Texas A&;M University, Canyon, Texas, USA during winter 2009-10. A considerable variation in DM partitioning into various plant parts was observed in the four crop species at different growth stages and NPK source. At 30 DAE, 27% of the total DM per plant (TDMPP) was partitioned into roots and 73% into shoots (19% stems + 54% leaf). Only16 % of the TDMPP was partitioned into roots and 84% into shoots (18 % stem + 66 % leaf) at 60 DAE. At 90 DAE, 29% of TDMPP was partitioned into roots and 71 % into shoots (33 % stems + 38 % leaf) at 90 DAE. Percent DM partitioning into stems ranked first (33%) at 90 DAE > at 30 DAE (19%) > at 60 DAE (18 %). With advancement in crops age, DM partitioning into various crop parts increased. The root DM plant^?1 (RDMPP) increased from 11.5–722 mg plant^?1; stem DM plant^?1 (STDMPP) from 8.3–889.0 mg plant^?1; leaf DM plant^?1 (LDMPP) from 23.1–1031.0 mg plant^?1; shoot DM plant^?1 (SHDMPP) from 31.3–1921 mg plant^?1, and TDMPP increased from 42.9–2693.0 mg plant^?1 at 30 and 90 DAE, respectively. Because of the higher N contents in S₇ (24:8:16) and S₆ (31:11:11) reduced the DM partitioning into various plants parts as well as TDMPP at all three growth stages. The adverse effects of S₆ and S₇ on DM partitioning was more on oats > rye > wheat > barley. The S₄ with 10:10:10 (NPK) and :20S was not toxic at 30 DAE, but at 60 and 90 DAE it became toxic that adversely affected the DM partitioning as well as TDMPP probably may be due its high sulfur (20%) content which lacking in other NPK sources. The DM partitioning to various parts of barley and wheat was more than oats and rye at different growth stages (barley > wheat > rye > oats). Since the DM portioning values were determined on the average of five plants in pot experiment under organic soil at field capacity; in case of field experiments more research is needed on various crop species/varieties under different environmental conditions particularly under moisture stress condition.