动物源性金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性的检测

用K—B法对52株动物源性金黄色葡萄球菌进行了17种抗生素耐药性检测。结果，试验菌对16种抗生素的耐药率达19．2％～84．6％，耐药率最高的为氨苄青霉素，最低的为头孢曲松；其中对12种抗生素的耐药率在50．0％以上；在52株金黄色葡萄球菌中最少的耐2种抗生素，最多的耐15种抗生素，表明临床分离的金黄色葡萄球菌株均表现高水平耐药和多重耐药；受试菌均对万古霉素敏感。     

猪粪便中致病性病原菌检测与耐药性分析

为了检测猪粪便中的致病微生物并分析其耐药性,试验采用细菌分离培养、生化试验、16S rRNA PCR检测与测序、致病性试验等方法对从镇江地区不同养猪场采集的100份粪便样品进行病原菌鉴定,采用K-B药敏纸片法测定致病性病原菌的耐药性。结果表明:从100份粪便样品中分离得到大肠杆菌25株、沙门氏菌17株、金黄色葡萄球菌15株,其中致病性大肠杆菌20株,致病性沙门氏菌15株,致病性金黄色葡萄球菌10株;分离菌16S rRNA PCR扩增得到大小约为1 492 bp的目的条带;57株分离株的PCR产物测序结果与GenBank中参考株基因序列的同源性高于97.0%;致病性大肠杆菌对阿莫西林、环丙沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶等12种药物的耐药率在65.0%～95.0%之间,致病性沙门氏菌对阿莫西林、氟苯尼考、庆大霉素等12种药物的耐药率在46.7%～100%之间,致病性金黄色葡萄球菌对阿莫西林、庆大霉素、氟苯尼考等9种药物的耐药率在50.0%～100%之间,且存在多重耐药性。     

市售猪肉的金黄色葡萄球菌污染状况调查及菌株耐药性分析

为了解金黄色葡萄球菌对市售猪肉的污染情况及其耐药水平,试验采集了山西省市售猪肉样品共126份,采用食品微生物学检验GB4789.10-2010方法检测金黄色葡萄球菌,并用K-B法对分离菌株进行药敏试验。结果表明在126份猪肉样中检出84株金黄色葡萄球菌,总检出率66.67%。检出菌的耐药性分析结果为:对β-内酰胺类药物的耐药率分别为氨苄西林69.05%,阿莫西林57.14%,克拉维酸3.57%,头孢噻吩13.10%,头孢噻肟3.57%,头孢噻呋2.38%,甲氧西林46.43%,苯唑西林48.81%;对大环內酯类药物的耐药率分别为红霉素53.57%,阿奇霉素57.14%;对喹诺酮类药物的耐药率分别为环丙沙星17.86%,诺氟沙星8.33%;对氨基糖苷类药物的耐药率分别为庆大霉素7.14%,卡那霉素35.71%;对四环素类的耐药率为四环素79.76%,所有菌株均对亚胺培南敏感。126株金黄色葡萄球菌对16种抗生素(组合)共产生了43种耐药谱,主要对β-内酰胺类和大环內酯类抗生素表现出多重耐药。     

禽源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性监测

从临床样品中分离鉴定得到183株金黄色葡萄球菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法监测其对24种抗菌药物的耐药性。结果表明,183株金黄色葡萄球菌对24种抗菌药物均呈现不同程度的耐药性,对常用的青霉素类、磺胺类药物及甲氧苄啶严重耐药,耐药率高达81%以上;其中检测出MRSA42株,检出率为22.95%。94.00%的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株呈现多重耐药,耐药谱型主要分布在3～8耐之间,以7耐菌株所占比例最大(15.30%),共有119种耐药谱型。     

我国奶牛主要养殖区乳房炎病原菌区系分布及对抗生素敏感性的最新调查研究

旨在查明引起我国奶牛主要养殖区乳房炎的病原菌区系分布及流行株对抗生素的耐药情况,为提高奶牛乳房炎防控提供参考。对326份临床型乳房炎样品进行细菌的分离、鉴定,用药敏纸片法对检出率较高的5种病原菌进行抗生素敏感性检测。结果共分离出54种263株菌,奶样中细菌总检出率为84.36%,与奶牛乳房炎密切相关的病原菌19种共214株,病原菌检出率为81.37%。检出率较高的前5种病原菌分别是大肠杆菌(29.28%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(8.75%)、产色葡萄球菌(6.84%)、沙雷氏菌(4.56%)和屎肠球菌(2.66%)。药敏实验结果显示,大肠杆菌对氯霉素、氨苄西林和阿莫西林克拉维酸等耐药严重,耐药率为60%¹00%;金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G、红霉素和环丙沙星的耐药率均为100%;沙雷氏菌和屎肠球菌的耐药谱基本一致;产色葡萄球菌对庆大霉素、红霉素、四环素和克林霉素等高度敏感,敏感率为67%¹00%。说明乳房炎主要病原菌对临床上常用的抗生素均产生了不同程度的耐药性,临床给药时应交叉用药,并定期进行药物敏感性检测,减少耐药菌株的产生。     

大连市零售猪肉中沙门氏菌的耐药性检测与分析

[目的]为了解辽宁省大连市生鲜猪肉中沙门氏菌的污染与耐药情况。[方法]采集该市生鲜猪肉78份,用选择性培养基分离沙门氏菌并划线纯化,通过inv A序列对菌株进行鉴定,利用纸片琼脂扩散法(K-B法)检测其对12种抗生素的耐药性。[结果]共得到15株沙门氏菌,检出率为19.23%。分离的沙门氏菌对12种抗生素的耐药率在0~73.3%之间。其中,对硫酸庆大霉素的耐药率最高,为73.3%;对其他抗菌药物的耐药率依次是盐酸诺氟沙星(60%)、氟苯尼考和盐酸环丙沙星(均为53.3%)、阿莫西林(13.3%)、头孢噻吩、头孢噻肟、氨苄西林(均为6.7%),头孢曲松、头孢他啶、氨曲南、亚胺培南(均为0)。共产生10种耐药谱。[结论]大连市开发区的超市和农贸市场沙门氏菌污染率较高,并且沙门氏菌对多种抗生素表现出多重耐药谱,应给予重视。     

云南省部分地区鸡蛋污染金黄色葡萄球菌的检测与耐药性分析

为研究云南省部分地区鸡蛋中金黄色葡萄球菌的污染情况及其分子分型、抗生素敏感性,从云南省鸡蛋主产区昆明市和曲靖市采集100份样品,参照《GB 478—2016食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验金黄色葡萄球菌检验》分离金黄色葡萄球菌,通过革兰氏染色镜检、血浆凝固酶试验和飞行时间质谱进行鉴定,对分离菌株采用微量肉汤稀释法分析抗生素敏感性。结果显示:100份鸡蛋样品中共分离6株金黄色葡萄球菌,分离率为6.00%,昆明市、曲靖市两个地区均分离出金黄色葡萄球菌;不同采样地点仅有农贸市场和鸡场样品分离出该菌,分离率分别为13.51%、2.94%;脉冲场凝胶电泳分子分型显示,6株金黄色葡萄球菌的相似系数在67.80%～94.40%之间,表明菌株间同源关系高、亲缘关系近;抗生素敏感性试验表明,6株金黄色葡萄球菌全部对四环素耐药,83.33%对红霉素、克林霉素、环丙沙星和庆大霉素耐药,66.67%对头孢西丁耐药,50.00%对苯唑西林、氯霉素和头孢他啶耐药;6株金黄色葡萄球菌对2种及以上的抗生素呈现出不同程度耐药,共有4个耐药谱。研究提示,云南省部分地区鸡蛋中存在一定程度的金黄色葡萄球菌污染,菌株间亲缘关系近、耐药情况严峻,建议加强防控以确保鸡蛋及相关食品的安全性。     

内蒙古部分地区致奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌和产色葡萄球菌的分子流行病学及耐药性研究

为调查奶牛乳房炎中金黄色葡萄球菌和产色葡萄球菌的流行病学和耐药性情况,本研究对采集自内蒙古部分地区3个规模化奶牛场的330份奶样进行了葡萄球菌的分离、鉴定、耐药表型分析及基因型的检测;采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)方法对分离株进行了亲缘性分析,多位点序列分型(MLST)法对金黄色葡萄球菌进行了基因分型分析。结果表明,从330份奶样共分离到14株金黄色葡萄球菌和23株产色葡萄球菌,两者的分离率分别为4.24%(14/330)和6.97%(23/330);PFGE分型共获得8种不同谱型的金黄色葡萄球菌和16种不同谱型的产色葡萄球菌,表明这些分离株中存在克隆传播现象;药敏试验结果显示,两种病原菌对林可霉素、青霉素、苯唑西林和红霉素耐药率较高,分别为66.67%(16/24)、66.67%(16/24)、37.5%(9/24))和25%(6/24);介导青霉素耐药的bla Z基因检出率最高,为54.17%(13/24),其次为介导林可霉素和红霉素耐药的Inu(A)和erm(B)基因,其检出率分别为33.33%(8/24)和20.83%(5/24)。本研究结果为控制该地区奶牛乳房炎的传播、蔓延及临床用药提供了实验依据。     

新疆焉耆县不同动物源葡萄球菌耐药性及其亲缘关系分析

为了解新疆焉耆县不同动物源葡萄球菌耐药情况和耐药菌株之间的亲缘关系及其潜在的传播机制,对采自焉耆县不同动物粪源中分离的26株葡萄球菌通过PCR方法进行属的鉴定;并对其进行临床常用11种抗菌药物的药敏试验;应用PCR方法检测耐药菌株中可能携带的相关耐药基因;对表皮葡萄球菌采用脉冲场凝胶电泳进行分离株的亲缘性分析,对金黄色葡萄球菌进行多位点序列分型。26株葡萄球菌中有16株表皮葡萄球菌,10株金黄色葡萄球菌;药敏试验结果显示,所有菌株仅对氨基糖苷类抗菌药物庆大霉素和阿米卡星较为敏感,对其他被检药物高度耐药;26株葡萄球菌均携带4种及4种以上耐药基因;16株表皮葡萄球菌通过PFGE分型法,得到7类基因指纹图谱,PFGE图谱呈现多样性;10株金黄色葡萄球菌通过MLST分型共获得7种ST型,其中ST1、ST22、ST239均发现2株相对优势型。新疆焉耆县不同动物源葡萄球菌耐药率高且携带多种耐药基因,耐药葡萄球菌遗传背景较为复杂,不同养殖场、不同动物源细菌之间存在克隆传播。     

山羊金黄色葡萄球菌健康带菌情况的调查及耐药性分析

金黄色葡萄球菌是引起人和动物感染及食物中毒的重要病原体之一。为了解四川省山羊金黄色葡萄球菌的健康带菌情况及其耐药性,采集了省内4个养殖场共32只山羊的鼻腔棉拭子样本,进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离、鉴定及药敏试验。共从11只羊的鼻腔棉拭子样本中分离出金黄色葡萄球菌,检出率为34.4％。对临床分离株进行了苯唑西林、头孢西丁、万古霉素等11种抗菌药物的药敏试验,结果表明,分离株对氨苄西林的耐药率为72.7％,对其它抗菌药物没有耐药性,未发现耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）。本研究结果表明,四川地区山羊的金黄色葡萄球菌的带菌情况较普遍,因此,应该规范屠宰过程的卫生操作,并进行严格监控,减少金黄色葡萄球菌的污染。     

Identification of Salmonella spp. isolates from chicken abattoirs by multiplex-PCR

The present study was carried out to report the occurrence Salmonella spp., Salmonella Enteritidis, and Salmonella Typhimurium in chicken abattoirs. Samples of feces; feathers; scald, evisceration, and chiller water; and rinse water of non-eviscerated, eviscerated, and chilled carcass were collected from six chicken abattoirs. Salmonella isolates were identified by a multiplex-PCR using three sets of primers targeting the invA, pefA, and sefA gene sequences from Salmonella spp., S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, respectively. Salmonella spp. was detected in 10% (29/288) of the samples, whereas serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium were identified in 62% (7/288), respectively. The results indicate the need to improve hygiene and sanitary standards in poultry slaughter lines, besides the education of food handlers and information to consumers.     

Analysis of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis isolated from human and chickens by repetitive sequence-PCR fingerprinting, antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles

A total of 22 Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) strains isolated from human and chicken were subjected to DNA fingerprinting by repetitive sequence PCR using ERIC and BOX primers, antibiotic resistance and plasmid patterns. Both ERIC and BOX PCR amplification data revealed a highly genetic homogeneity between isolates from human and chicken except one isolate, which originated from chicken and showed a different DNA band pattern from others. Eleven of 22 S. Enteritidis isolates (50%) were resistant to more than one antibiotics and characterized by 5 resistance patterns. The most common pattern was penicillin resistant (63.6%). Only one isolate from chicken showed a multiple drug resistance patterns to 4 antibiotics. All 22 S. Enteritidis isolates harbored more than two plasmids with eight different plasmid profiles including two to six plasmids with approximate molecular size ranging from 1.9 to 21 kb. A band of 15 kb size was detected in all isolates tested, however, the band sizes smaller than 15 kb were found only in isolates from chicken.     

猪肉和牛奶源葡萄球菌耐药性调查

2010年从贵州省猪肉和牛奶样品中分离鉴定出73株葡萄球菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌50株,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌23株。采用琼脂稀释法检测其对18种抗菌药物的敏感性,运用统计学方法比较分析金黄色葡萄球菌与凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的耐药性差异。结果显示,动物性食品源葡萄球菌耐药较严重,对临床上常用药物耐药率较高,且为多重耐药,其中乳源葡萄球菌的多重耐药现象较猪肉源葡萄球菌严重;猪肉源金黄色葡萄球菌主要对青霉素类、四环素和大环内酯类耐药,乳源金黄色葡萄球菌主要对青霉素类、头孢菌素类、大环内酯类、四环素、克林霉素、泰妙菌素及利福平耐药;猪肉源凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌主要对氨苄西林、苯唑西林和泰妙菌素耐药,乳源凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的耐药谱与乳源金黄色葡萄球菌类似。     

Fecal shedding of Salmonella spp. in dogs

Rectal swabs from 100 dogs that were admitted to the veterinary clinic and from randomly selected 100 dogs from one kennel were examined for the presence of Salmonella spp. S. Enteritidis was isolated from a household dog and the strain was susceptible to all antibiotics that were tested. S. Typhimurium was isolated from a dog from the kennel and it was sensitive to all the antibiotics except streptomycin and neomycin. Even though, the occurence of Salmonella spp. in the feces of the dogs in this study was low, attention should always be given when handling canine feces or contaminated materials.     

Antibiotic resistance pattern of foodborne Salmonella isolates in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia)

A total of 39 Salmonella cultures isolated from raw minced beef and chicken (gizzard, liver, and heart) samples in Addis Ababa were examined for susceptibility to a group of 10 selected antimicrobials. 34 isolates (87.2%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics. The antibiotics to which isolated Salmonella strains were most often fully resistant included nitrofurantoin (48.7%), furazolidone (48.7%) and streptomycin (46.2%). Only 4 antimicrobials (gentamycin, kanamycin, rifampicin and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim) were effective against all Salmonella isolates with the exception of 2 which were intermediate in resistance to kanamycin (1) and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (1). 77.8% of the S. Enteritidis strains showed multiple resistance to up to four antibiotics followed by S. Typhimurium (60.0%) and S. Dublin (33.3%). The high level of antibiotic resistance of foodborne Salmonella isolates in the study area is an indication of indiscriminate and continuous use of subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics in animals.     

广州市农贸市场猪肉源伦敦沙门菌的流行情况及耐药性分析

本研究旨在探究广州市2016年5-10月农贸市场猪肉源伦敦沙门菌的流行和耐药情况.从广州市农贸市场采集样品198份,分离得到28株猪肉源伦敦沙门菌,用K-B法测定其对18种抗菌药物的耐药性,用PCR方法鉴定其所携带的耐药基因.结果表明,市场猪肉样品中沙门菌的阳性率为74.2％(147/198),伦敦沙门菌的分离率为19...     

屠宰猪肠道沙门氏菌的分离鉴定、耐药性分析及致病性试验

为了解广西南宁市猪源沙门氏菌的污染状况、耐药状况及致病力情况,在南宁市某生猪屠宰场随机直接从131头屠宰猪的肠道采集样品,采用鉴别培养基分离,生化鉴定的方法对样品中的沙门氏菌进行分离鉴定,并采用标准K-B纸片法对分离菌株进行25种抗生素敏感试验,最后对分离株进行小白鼠致病性试验。结果从131份屠宰猪的肠道中共分离到沙门氏菌45株,检出率为34.35%;其中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌14株,甲型副伤寒杆菌2株,肠炎沙门氏菌3株。45株分离菌株全部耐药,耐药率高达100%,其中44株为多重耐药菌株,占97.78%。45株沙门氏菌中有40株对小白鼠具有致病性,致病率达88.89%。这表明南宁市的屠宰猪存在一定程度的沙门氏菌污染,并且分离菌株存在较严重的耐药现象以及具有较强的致病性。应采取有效措施控制沙门氏菌在猪群中的污染和限制抗生素在养猪过程中的使用并严格遵守休药期,以减少细菌耐药性的产生,保障猪肉及猪肉制品的食品安全。     

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. in pet mammals, reptiles, fish aquarium water, and birds in Trinidad

The prevalence of Salmonella spp. was determined in 970 animals comprising 423 pet birds, 485 fish aquaria water and 62 other pets (40 pet mammals, 14 reptiles, eight others - crustaceans, snail, stingray) from both pet shops and households throughout Trinidad. The serotypes of Salmonella spp. isolated were identified and the resistance to various antimicrobial agents was determined. Overall nine (0.9%) of 970 pet animals were positive for Salmonella spp. Six isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered from all pet birds with two isolates of serotype Aberdeen and one isolate each of Thompson, Rubislaw, Panama and Newport. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in birds was 0.9%. Four isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered from fish aquaria water, serotypes included Panama (two isolates), Newport (one isolate) and Virchow (one isolate). Prevalence of Salmonella spp. from fish aquaria was 0.4%. No isolate of Salmonella spp. was detected in pet mammals sampled while two isolates were recovered from reptiles, S. Enteritidis and S. Montevideo. One isolate of Salmonella spp. was recovered from a stingray, serotype unknown. Antimicrobial resistance was present is all animal types. The highest prevalence of resistance was to streptomycin among isolates from birds (83.3%) and other pets (100.0%) while isolates from fish aquarium water exhibited comparatively high resistance to cephalothin (50.0%). It was concluded that the isolation of Salmonella spp. from apparently healthy birds, fish aquarium water and other pet animals may pose a health risk to their owners and contacts as all serotypes are known to be potentially pathogenic depending on the oral dosage of the organism and the immune status of those in contact. The high prevalence of resistance to antimicrobial agents among Salmonella isolates across pet species may pose chemotherapeutic consequences to their owners and contacts.     

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococci isolated from ready-to-eat meat products

Prevalence of mecA, blaZ, tetO/K/M, ermA/B/C, aph, and vanA/B/C/D genes conferring resistance to oxacillin, penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and vancomycin was investigated in 65 staphylococcal isolates belonging to twelve species obtained from ready-to-eat porcine, bovine, and chicken products. All coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) and S. aureus isolates harbored at least one antibiotic resistance gene. None of the S. aureus possessed more than three genes, while 25% of the CNS isolates harbored at least four genes encoding resistance to clinically used antibiotics. In 15 CNS isolates the mecA gene was detected, while all S. aureus isolates were mecA-negative. We demonstrate that in ready-to-eat food the frequency of CNS harboring multiple antibiotic resistance genes is higher than that of multiple resistant S. aureus, meaning that food can be considered a reservoir of bacteria containing genes potentially contributing to the evolution of antibiotic resistance in staphylococci.     

Transmissible antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolated from random-source cats purchased for use in research.

Salmonella isolates from random-source cats designated for use in research were examined for antibiotic susceptibilities and the presence of plasmids containing R factors. The serotypes studied were Salmonella derby, S typhimurium, S anatum, S enteritidis, and S bredeney. Eighty percent of the isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics. The greatest frequency of resistance was to streptomycin. The majority of the salmonella isolates transferred all or a part of their antibiotic resistance to an Escherichia coli K-12 recipient. Thermosensitive R factors were found in two S typhimurium isolates.