Motor control by sensory cortex

Classical studies of mammalian movement control define a prominent role for the primary motor cortex. Investigating the mouse whisker system, we found an additional and equally direct pathway for cortical motor control driven by the primary somatosensory cortex. Whereas activity in primary motor cortex directly evokes exploratory whisker protraction, primary somatosensory cortex directly drives whisker retraction, providing a rapid negative feedback signal for sensorimotor integration. Motor control by sensory cortex suggests the need to reevaluate the functional organization of cortical maps.     

基于关联数据融合的地表移动传感器节点

开发了具有多个相关联传感器的地表移动传感器节点;提出一种基于专家系统进行关联数据处理的几何方格面积数据融合方法,即主要采用软硬件结合的方式,利用专家系统预设的节点环境阈值与传感器实际感测的数据相结合进行关联数据处理,将数据关系转化为几何方格面积,从而实现分类分层次的数据融合.结果表明：该方法能够对多个不同类型传感器提供的相同特征数据、互补特征数据、并行特征数据、条件关联数据进行融合;与传统传感器节点相比,地表移动传感器节点感测信息的准确率更高,能量消耗更低.     

Hyperbaric oxygen: effects on metabolism and ionic movement in cerebral cortex slices

The incubation of slices of cerebral cortex under hyperbaric oxygen pressures from 1 to 10 atmospheres in the presence of radioactive glucose, pyruvate, succinate, fumarate, L-glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid causes a marked diminution of tissue oxidative reactions. There is a simultaneous decrease in phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate, and a reduction of the apparent intracellular ionic gradients. The increase of lipid peroxides, measured directly, is attributed to the toxic effects of hyperbaric oxygen.     

Alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms in prefrontal cortex associated with cognitive decline in aged nonhuman primates

This study provides evidence that the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine ameliorates the cognitive deficits exhibited by aged nonhuman primates through drug actions at alpha 2 receptors. Furthermore, pharmacological profiles in animals with lesions restricted to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex indicate that this area may be the site of action for some of clonidine's beneficial effects. These results demonstrate that alpha-adrenergic systems contribute to cognitive function and suggest a new strategy for treating memory disorders in aged humans.     

Ant stridulations and their synchronization with abdominal movement

Two techniques for accurately correlating movements with vibrations produced by Pogonomyrmex Occidentalis show three characteristics of the stridulations: alternation of mean chirp intensity, higher frequencies during the upstroke, and interruption of chirps into distinct pulses. These pulses are produced by briefly stopping the gaster during a chirp.     

采用SPWM电容的单相电机研究（Ⅰ）

提出了一种用ＳＰＷＭ逆变电容替代单相双值电容电机中常规电容的方案．定性分析表明此方案取消了原电机中的离心开关，为电动机提供可连续变化的电容，使电机获得接近圆形的旋转磁场，且这种特点不随工作点的变化而变化，因而改善了电机性能，并为电机设计提供灵活性．     

Mineral element correlation with adenohypophyseal-adrenal cortex function and stress

A statistical correlationl was made between adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and four elements in rats under control, stress, and stress-recovery conditions. Blood serum zinc showed a strong positive correlation with the rise in ACTH during stress and its decline in stress recovery. Serum calcium, copper, and magnesium demonstrated little correlation with ACTH changes. The strong ACTH-zinc correlation points to an as yet undefined interaction between ACTH and zinc     

单振子激励的面内行波旋转超声电机原理

提出了一个单振子激励的面内行波旋转超声电机原理.该电机具有一个连接一个杆形振子的圆环形定子和两个锥形转子,锥形转子由预压力机构压在定子圆环的内边缘.杆形振子为夹心式结构,两组压电陶瓷固定在其中.一组用于激励杆的纵向振动;另一组用于激励杆的弯曲振动.有限元仿真表明: 在杆的纵向振动和弯曲振动共同作用下,定子环上形成了面内行波.利用这个原理制作的样机具有如下性能:空载转速36 r/min,堵转力矩0.25 N·m,起动时间2.53 ms,关断时间3.48 ms.该型电机的定子利用了一个振子激发定子环面内行波,结构简单、紧凑,可望用于机器人关节和一些姿态调整机构的驱动.     

单片机控制的步进电机定位系统

概要阐述了步进电机定位系统的单片机软件设计方法,介绍了该系统软件设计的整体组成和分系统的具体实现方法,为步进电机的定位提供了一种易于设计和扩充的解决方案。     

Fungi associated with stalactite growth

A fungus, Cephalosporium lamellaecola, was found to be regularly associated with the active tip of stalactites; crystallization of CaCO(3) occurred on hyphae suspended from the stalactite wall in the terminal drop.     

带转子电阻估计的感应电机无速度传感器控制

对于转子电阻未知的感应电机提出了一种可以估计转子电阻的转速估计方法.该方法假设定子电阻已知,用改进的电压模型估计转子磁链.然后根据感应电机的静止坐标系模型推出转速和转子电阻的表达式,在已知转子磁链的情况下,将这两个表达式看作一个二元一次方程组,解出转速和转子电阻的解析表达式,分析了这两个量的表达式的成立条件.提出了感应电机的无速度传感器控制方案.仿真研究表明,本文提出的方法能准确地估计感应电机的转速和转子电阻.     

Gas jets associated with star formation

Young stellar objects of both high and low luminosity emit energetic jets or winds of material that are often highly collimated and often bipolar. Near the stars, turbulent swept-up gas is observed in the emission of interstellar molecules such as carbon monoxide, and small, bright regions of water maser emission and the nebulous bright patches known as Herbig-Haro objects appear to be participating in the outflows. There are striking changes in chemical abundances associated with the attendant shocks. Probably every star goes through this phase, which may mark the end of its period of accretion.     

Fluid shifts associated with gas-induced osmosis

It has been proposed that equilibration of nitrous oxide with blood plasma increases osmotic pressure and thereby causes hemodilution. However, calculations show that the 250-torr osmotic gradient produced by 0.7 atmosphere of nitrous oxide dissolved in blood plasma (separated from the other body fluids by a membrane permeable only to water) would be eliminated by a water shift which would dilute the plasma by only 4 percent. Permeability of the membrane to nitrous oxide would further reduce the shift. In vivo measurements confirmed the smallness of any osmotically induced shifts by demonstrating no significant transient changes in hematocrit value when 0.7 atmosphere of nitrous oxide was added to or removed from an inhaled anesthetic mixture in man. These results cast doubt on the suggestions that gas-induced osmosis is an important factor in dysbarism or in clinical anesthesia.     

Turbidity currents: monitoring their occurrence and movement with a three-dimensional sensor network

Detailed field data on the occurrence, flow pattern, and internal dynamics of both surge and continuous turbidity currents have been obtained with a three-dimensional array of optical and thermal sensors. The array, operated in a glacial lake in southeastern British Columbia, collected detailed information on the character of surge events with velocities reaching 110 centimeters per second and continuous underflows exceeding 90 centimeters per second. Thefindings (i) indicate that such currents are frequent events, occurring with density differences between the incoming stream water and the lake water as low as 0.19 kilogram per cubic meter of water; (ii) document the differences in the initiation and internal characteristics of the continuous and surge events; and (iii) support the concept of erosion by turbidity currents.     

温室周围气流运动的有限元法模拟分析

以有限元法分析流体力学问题为基础,运用ANSYS 9．0软件模拟了温室周围空气流的运动情况, 并分析了利用风压进行通风换气时比较实用的开窗方式。模拟结果显示:采用天窗与侧窗组合通风的效果优于仅利用侧窗通风。最后将二维模拟温室周围气流运动的方法进一步推广到三维模拟中,模拟了温室周围气流的运动情况。结果表明,下风向风速在距离温室0-3 m处为3．260 4-2．905 5 m／s,在3-12 m处为2．888 8-2．845 7 m／s;上风向风速在距离温室0-4．2 m处为3．120 5-2．698 9 m／s,在4．2-12 m处为2．698 9-2．946 m／s。