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2006年湖北省小麦赤霉病发生原因分析及防控对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
小麦赤霉病是湖北小麦上的重要病害之一,20世纪80年代曾造成毁灭性灾害.湖北省江汉平原和鄂东沿江麦区是该病的常发区,常年发生程度均在4级以上.近年来受气候因素的影响,小麦赤霉病的发生流行规律发生了一些变化,鄂北小麦主产区重发频次明显增多,对我省粮食生产安全造成了严重威胁. 相似文献
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宣城市小麦赤霉病为偏重发生年份,显著重于常年。笔者通过对我市2012年小麦产区赤霉病发生情况分析,发现2012年小麦赤霉病呈现初见偏早、不同成熟期、品种、区域间发生程度差异大特点,并分别从菌源、品种、气候、栽培制度、山区小气候、防治等因素对发生特点进行了原因分析,同时提出了针对性地防治对策。 相似文献
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枣阳市2006年水稻种植面积4·97万hm2,稻飞虱发生是继1987年、1991年后又一个大发生年,第3代、第4代稻飞虱发生面积累计达7·67万hm2,挽回稻谷损失18·65万t,笔者对其发生特点原因及防治进行观察分析如下:1发生特点1·1发生期早2006年我市第3代稻飞虱低龄若虫高峰期为7月20~30日,第4代稻飞虱为8月15~25日,比1987年、1991年分别早5d、7d。1·2发生数量多第3代稻飞虱发生高峰期平均百蔸虫量为2300头,最高达8 000头,第4代稻飞虱百蔸平均为6 050头,最高达1·5万头,比1987年高8·18%,与1991年持平。1·3短翅型成虫数量多第3代稻飞虱短翅型成虫百… 相似文献
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由于稻飞虱发生为害具有迁飞性、隐蔽性、突发性、分布不均衡性、暴发性等特点,给防治工作带来了很大的难度。因此,研究稻飞虱发生为害特点、分析其大发生的原因,从而制定科学的防控技术措施,是我们面临的突出问题。1发生特点1·1发生早,田间虫量高2006年的稻飞虱迁入我市的时间为4月20日,比常年要早。6月2日调查早稻田最高百蔸虫量达1980头,同期虫量历年少见,第4代稻飞虱在部分中稻田块特大发生,个别田块最高百蔸虫量达到10万头,实属罕见。第5代稻飞虱在晚稻上大发生,百蔸虫量最高4万头。1·2发生面积大、范围广我市水稻种植面积3·33万hm2… 相似文献
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2006年稻飞虱在应城市中稻上特大发生,虫口密度之高,发生范围之广,农药用量之大,害虫抗药性之高,损失程度之重,为近30年来最重的一年,为了模清稻飞虱的发生特点和规律,研究稻飞虱的综合治理技术,为以后防控稻飞虱提供经验,特总结如下:1发生特点1·1发生期早超历史8月10日在杨岭 相似文献
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稻飞虱是监利县水稻上的主要虫害,2006年特大发生,是自1975年以来最严重的1年.据统计,中晚稻飞虱累计发生面积9万hm2,是种植面积的1.4倍.防治面积38万hm2(次),挽回粮食损失5.77万t.虽经过大力防治,但中稻"穿顶"面积仍有0.45万hm2,占中稻面积的5%,晚稻零星"穿顶",全县因稻飞虱为害造成粮食损失2.5万t.分析2006年稻飞虱大发生原因,总结防治工作中存在的问题,对指导今后的防治工作具有积极意义. 相似文献
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Strategies for the Control of Fusarium Head Blight in Cereals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stoyan R. Pirgozliev Simon G. Edwards Martin C. Hare Peter Jenkinson 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):731-742
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a widespread and destructive disease of small grained cereals caused by a number of Fusarium species and Microdochium nivale. In addition to causing significant reductions in grain yield, FHB can result in the reduction of grain quality, either by affecting grain processing qualities or by producing a range of toxic metabolites that have adverse effects on humans and livestock. Control of FHB can be achieved by a number of cultural, biological and chemical strategies along with the exploitation of host plant resistance. In recent years, much of the research undertaken for the control of FHB has been concentrated on understanding and exploiting the genetic resistance of cereal plants to FHB-causing pathogens. Although, a brief overview of genetic resistance is presented, this review seeks to summarise the significance of FHB and review the effectiveness of cultural, biological and chemical control strategies that have been investigated for the control the disease. 相似文献
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Effect of Fungicides on Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol Content in Durum Wheat Grain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anna Maria Menniti Davide Pancaldi Massimo Maccaferri Lucia Casalini 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(2):109-115
In 1998–99 and 1999–2000 six trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of fungicides on Fusarium head blight in the field, on infected kernels and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in grain. A single application of prochloraz, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole or bromuconazole, applied to durum wheat varieties at the manufacturer's recommended dose at the beginning of anthesis stage, provided good control of the disease when infective pressure in the field was low to medium, and when the main pathogens were F. graminearum and F. culmorum. Kresoxim-methyl showed a low efficacy at controlling the disease. Tebuconazole, prochloraz and bromuconazole were effective at controlling F. graminearum and F. culmorum, while kresoxim-methyl was not effective in reducing Fusarium infected kernels. DON concentration in grain of cultivars inoculated with F. graminearum and F. culmorum was high, averaging 4.2mgkg–1 (untreated control). Tebuconazole, prochloraz and bromuconazole reduced DON concentration by 43%, while epoxiconazole was ineffective. DON concentration in kernels of naturally infected cultivars was 1.95mgkg–1, a concentration which exceeds the 1mgkg–1 maximum level of contamination allowed in the United States. Furthermore prochloraz, bromuconazole and tebuconazole applications, in the naturally inoculated trials, reduced DON concentration from 73% to 96%, while epoxiconazole showed the lowest effectiveness. Moreover, a positive linear correlation between Fusarium infected grains and the DON concentration was observed. 相似文献
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Gesunde Pflanzen - Soluble silicon (Si) plays a pivotal role in the nutritional status of a wide variety of field crops and helps them, whether directly or indirectly, counteract... 相似文献
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赤壁市水稻纹枯病重发原因及防治对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
纹枯病是水稻常发且为害重的水稻三大病害之一,具有发生面积大,大发生概率高,为害重,损失大的特点。2000年以来,水稻纹枯病的发生程度呈逐年加重趋势,特别是近几年发病更重,2009年、2010年在病害发生期调查,平均蔸发病率在50%、株发病率在20%以上,有部分高感品种蔸发病率高达86%、株发病率在43%左右。通过田间调查并进行综合分析认为:水稻纹枯病发生趋重与栽培方式变化、防治时间推迟、氮肥用量过大以及药剂选择使用上有很大关系,并结合当地实际提出相应的防治技术措施和对策。 相似文献