中国狮子犬氯霉素过敏一例

中国狮子犬氯霉素过敏一例１９９３年６月２５日，本站动物门诊部收治一头急诊病犬。据犬主介绍，该犬系纯种中国狮子犬，雌性，近３周岁，两周前产仔，膘情一直良好。因眼睑被蚊虫叮咬，有３个小红点，即用２．５毫升氯霉素注射液涂擦（有些药液还滴入眼内），不料用药半...     

应用细管冻精配种提高母牛受胎率的调会

应用细管冻精配种提高母牛受胎率的调会尤兆基（依安县家禽繁育指导站１６１５００）付忠贵（宁安县家畜繁育站）依安、宁安两县从１９９１—１９９３年近三年共冻配黄牛４０２０４头，冻配奶牛９７５６头，平均受胎率为７５．６％（７２．１—８６．７％），该受胎率说明...     

美国养禽业的现状与特色

美国养禽业的现状与特色四川省温江农业学校周世朗，伍善志一、美国养禽业的现状：１９９０年全美养鸡１４．６亿只，其中的蛋鸡直到１９９３年维持在２．３—２．４亿只左右，产鸡蛋４０２．１５万吨，鸡肉１０８５．１万吨，人均消费禽蛋１６．３４公斤，禽肉４２公斤，...     

开发利用肠羽粉

开发利用肠羽粉山东省农科院畜牧兽医研究所白汝骥平均每只活重２公斤的肉用仔鸡，屠宰后下脚料为２９５．２１克，占活重的１４．７６％，其中羽毛占４．１２％；血占６．１７％；内脏占３．４４％；胃肠内容物占０．６１％；爪皮占０．４５％。笔者１９９３年—１９９４...     

外源褪黑激素对乌苏里貉冬皮成熟日期的影响

在１９９３年—１９９５年期间，进行了外源褪黑激素对乌苏里貉冬皮成熟日期影响的研究。对４９６只乌苏里貉进行了皮下埋植褪黑激素植入物的试验，所用的植入物均为东北林业大学野生动物繁殖实验室研制的新型褪黑激素植入物。试验结果表明，在夏至前后期间用适量的外源褪黑激素处理，有促进乌苏里貉冬皮早熟的效果。成年母貉在６月４日、１５日、２２日埋植含１０．６ｍｇ，１２ｍｇ或１５ｍｇ褪黑激素的植入物，冬皮成熟日期提前到９月２５日，１０月４和８日，比正常提前６周—８周。当年生幼貉在７月６日、１１日期间埋植含８．６ｍｇ，１０ｍｇ，１２ｍｇ褪黑激激素植入物，冬皮成熟日期提前到１０月１５和２８日。     

一例牛产前截瘫的诊疗经过

一例牛产前截瘫的诊疗经过董晓玲，阎伯仁，郭小琴（青海省湟源畜牧学校兽医院，湟源，８１２１００）病例和诊疗：１９９３年６月３日，湟源县光华村农民马某的一头怀孕５个月的黑白花奶牛，突然全身出汗，不吃草料，不反刍，卧地不起。临床检查：病牛精神沉郁，呈伏卧姿...     

世界肉鸡市场动态

世界肉鸡市场动态据美国农业部预测，１９９４年全球肉用鸡出口量包括欧共体内贸易将从１９９３年的２１４．６万吨增至２３０万吨，增７．２％。仅美国出口就将增加４．４万吨，从１９９３年的７８．９万吨增至１９９４年的８３．２万吨，升５．４％，具体为：１．由于日...     

中国鳗鱼在日本市场地位巩固

中国鳗鱼在日本市场地位巩固日本人喜欢吃鳗鱼，每年需要进口大量鳗鱼供应市场需求，其中进口大陆鳗鱼增长最快，１９９３年增幅高达５９．９％。据日本“贸易月报”统计，日本１９９３年进口鳗鱼量为３．９３万吨，比１９９２年增长５．９％，进口额达８４０．６亿日元，...     

绥化地区畜牧业取得新进展

绥化地区畜牧业取得新进展绥化地区是我省畜牧业的主产区，也是畜牧业发展成就卓著的地区．１９９３年６月省政府在绥化召开了全省畜牧工作现场会，总结推广了他们发展畜牧业的经验，对全省畜牧业的发展起到重要推动作用。１９９３年，绥化地区的畜牧业继续发展．以区域布...     

靠龙头带动,科技牵动,服务推动：大力促进肉牛生产产业化进程

１９９７年末全市黄牛存栏４５．６万头,其中可繁母牛２４．５万头,分别比１９９３年增长３５％和４７％,黄牛占大家畜的比重为９６．６％。肉牛的商品化程度不断提高,１９９７年全市出栏肉牛１０．３５万头,比１９９３年增长１１５．６％。全市肉、奶总产量分别达到...     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -