世界森林衰退病研究进展

森林衰退病是近代森林病理学出现的一个新概念,目前仍处于形成和完善阶段。文中综述了衰退病的基本概念及其病原研究进展,并指出了存在的问题与应用前景。     

认识和重视-类病害——森林衰退病

本文就“森林衰退病”(Forest decline)理论的概念、意义,森林衰退病病原,“衰退病”(Decline,Dicline disease)模式,以及诱发因素(Predisposing factors)、激化因素(Inciting factors)和促进因素(Contributing factors)之间的相互关系作了综述介绍,并看重强调了运用这一新的植物病理学理论,认识和指导我国林业及热作生产的重要现实意义。     

森林衰退病研究现状及展望

文章对我国森衰退病的研究现状和发展概况进行了综述，并介绍了国外有关臭氧、酸沉降及森林衰退病与立地相关性等研究的重要进展。对于Manion的森林衰退病概念中的若干问题如非生物和生物因素的顺序、衰退病最终结果是导致树木死亡、森林衰退病的起因等进行了讨论。最后对我国森林衰退病研究提出了几点建议。     

试论森林衰退与空气污染

本文论述了森林衰退的由来、现状、原因，提出了一些观点和看法，总结了森林衰退与空气污染的关系和防治森林衰退的对策。     

两河源自然保护区森林衰退原因的分析

新疆阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区森林的衰退,人为干扰是原因之一,但有些树种出现顶梢枯死、大片树木死亡等体现森林衰退的现象。本文通过对森林衰退原因的分析,为今后森林衰退研究提供方法。近年来,森林衰退现象在全球日益普遍,尤其是北     

铝毒害与森林衰退研究评述

综述了国内外森林衰退与铝毒害研究现状.国外诸多研究表明,森林衰退与铝毒害有着紧密联系,但国内大面积多树种人工林衰退是否与铝毒害有关,尚未引起学术界的高度重视.     

森林昆虫和病原物的害与益

森林昆虫和病原物虽然能引起林木损伤与死亡，但它们在森林演替，物质循环和能量流动，食物来源，创造野生动物生境等方面都作了积极的贡献，而且在一个生态系统发展前景中，对于森林生物多样性，土壤肥力，森林的长时期健康和稳定性等方面，它们的促成作用也是必不可少的，因此，森林经营者应当考虑昆虫和病原物的害与益的两方面作用。     

黑龙江省森工国有林区森林景观资源与森林公园开发展望

概括论述了黑龙江省森工国有林区森林公园建设现状,对黑龙江省森工国有林区森林景观资源进行分类归纳,通过对现有森工国有林区森林景观资源进行定性评价,进而提出森工国有林区森林公园前景展望。     

Acid fog removes calcium and boron from fir tree: One of the possible causes of forest decline

We have observed acid fog in Mt. Oyama adjacent to the Kanto Plains in Japan, where acid fog under pH 3 has been frequently observed and natural fir forest (Abies firma) has been declining. We applied the simulated acid fog to the needles of fir twigs and the treatment removed calcium, boron, and cell-wall acidic sugars from the needles. We also observed high contents of calcium, boron, and acidic sugars in throughfall collected under the declining forest canopy. Ca⁺⁺ and Mg⁺⁺ ion leach via ion-exchange with major cations of fog-water and the amount of leached boron increased with the increase in the concentration of leached Ca⁺⁺. The deficiency of calcium and boron by leaching could be one of the main causes of decline of the fir forest.     

Density effects on the conifer mortality in declining spruce-fir forest in northern Japan: Implication of bark beetle attack to, cause spruce decline

We examined mortality patterns of two conifer species in relation to tree abundance and species composition in a declining spruce-fir forest in Akan National park, Hokkaido, northern Japan. The data taken from eleven 58 m × 58 m square study plots showed that percentage basal area (BA) of dead trees of canopy trees during the last decade was 49% forPicea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carr and 30% forAbies sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Masters. InP. jezoensis, percentage basal area (BA) of dead trees was positively related to both BA of its own species and proportion of it to BA of all species, whereas it was not significantly related to both of these variables inA. sachalinensis. Multiple logistic regression with dbh as a confounding factor also indicated that, inP. jezoensis, the proportion of dead stems was positively affected by the stem density of conspecific trees, whereas it was negatively affected by the stem density of the other species in each study plot. However, inA. sachalinensis, the proportion of dead stems was significantly related to neither of these factors. The different mortality pattern between two conifer species suggests that the spruce bark beetle,Ips typographus (L.), which is a serious pest of spruce, may have caused theP. jezoensis decline. Instead of wind-throw or thinning that usually initiate this bark beetle attack, some unknown factors seemed to predispose the trees to insect attack. These unknown factors may also explain the high mortality ofA. sachalinensis in this forest. This research was supported by FFPRI Project, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery.     

城市森林与城市森林游憩

城市森林游憩可分为两类,即日常性游憩与专题性游憩;提出要发展郊区城市森林以及建设郊野游憩带的概念,为城市居民提供更能亲近自然的游憩活动机会;必须通过合理规划、建设与调整,建设森林型的生态廊道、公园路,为城市内部与郊野的城市森林建立有机联系;指出把公众参与、全社会的认同与协调作为实现城市森林可持续发展目标的主要内容。       

浅谈商品林和公益林划分的重要意义

本文作者依据森林分类经营理论,详细论述了正确划分商品林和公益林的目的、意义及其划分原则;同时阐明做好商品林和公益林划分是确保有限的森林资源发挥出最大的经济效益和生态效益协调统一发展的根本保证。     

The Relevance of Species Concepts in Sustainable Forestry

Species concepts and the definition of a species are discussed in the context of sustainable forest management and the sustainability of biological systems in general. Sustainable forestry requires that the habitats created by silvicultural manipulation match the ecological niches of the species being managed, enabling them not only to grow but to reproduce themselves so they can persist on the landscape beyond the current rotation. For this to be possible, foresters must be able to identify species and understand how species are defined.     

辉南林区森林鼠害的发生规律

辉南林区森林鼠害的调查结果表明:害鼠种类主要是棕背鼠平,约占全部森林害鼠种类的72%,其余为红背鼠平、大林姬鼠等。害鼠密度与林木被害程度显著相关,当铗日捕获率在1%~5%时,林木被害率在3%~10%之间;当铗日捕获率在6%~15%时,林木被害率在11%~30%之间;当铗日捕获率在16%以上时,林木被害率超过30%。森林害鼠的种群数量具有明显的季节与年度变化规律,且与气候条件、地形和土壤、植物、天敌、人类经济活动等密切相关。     

城市与城市森林

作者通过大量的实测数据比较了城市环境与森林环境在生态效益方面的显著差异,进而告诉读者营造城市森林和创建森林城市的必要性。