Effects of winter selective tree harvest on soil microclimate and surface CO2 flux of a northern hardwood forest

Soil surface CO₂ flux (S_flux) is the second largest terrestrial ecosystem carbon flux, and may be affected by forest harvest. The effects of clearcutting on S_flux have been studied, but little is known about the effect of alternative harvesting methods such as selective tree harvest on S_flux. We measured S_flux before and after (i) the creation of forest canopy gaps (simulating group tree selection harvests) and (ii) mechanized winter harvest but no tree removal (simulating ground disturbance associated with logging). The experiment was carried out in a sugar maple dominated forest in the Flambeau River State Forest, Wisconsin. Pre-treatment measurements of soil moisture, temperature and S_flux were measured throughout the growing season of 2006. In January–February 2007, a harvester created the canopy gaps (200–380 m²). The mechanization treatment consisted of the harvester traveling through the plots for a similar amount of time as the gap plots, but no trees were cut. Soil moisture and temperature and S_flux were measured throughout the growing season for 1 year prior to harvest and for 2 years after harvest. Soil moisture and temperature were significantly greater in the gap than mechanized and control treatments. Instantaneous S_flux was positively correlated to soil moisture and soil temperature at 2 and 10 cm, but temperature at 10 cm was the single best predictor. Annual S_flux was not significantly different among treatments prior to winter 2007 harvest, and was not significantly different among treatments after harvest. Annual (+1 std. err.) S_flux averaged 967 + 72, 1011 + 72, and 1012 + 72 g C m⁻² year⁻¹ in the control, mechanized and gap treatments, respectively, for the 2-year post-treatment period. The results from this study suggest selective group tree harvest significantly increases soil moisture and temperature but does not significantly influence S_flux.     

Determining photosynthetic responses of forest species to elevated [CO2]: Alternatives to FACE

Free air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) experiments are considered the most reliable approach for quantifying our expectations of forest ecosystem responses to changing atmospheric CO₂ concentrations [CO₂]. Because very few Australian tree species have been studied in this way, or are likely to be studied in the near future because of the high installation and maintenance costs of FACE, there are no clear answers to questions such as: (1) which species will be the winners in Australia's natural forests and what are the implications for biodiversity and carbon (C) sequestration; and (2) which will be the most appropriate species or genotypes to ensure the sustainability of Australia's plantation forests.     

米槠人促更新林皆伐火烧后初期土壤CO2通量动态

[目的]为科学评价皆伐、火烧对中亚热带常绿阔叶林不同深度土壤有机碳吸存的影响,[方法]以福建省中亚热带36年生米槠人促更新林为研究对象,采用非散射红外CO₂浓度探测仪和Licor-8100土壤碳通量系统,并结合Fick扩散法计算并分析0~80 cm不同深度土层CO₂通量的日动态特征。[结果]表明:(1)火烧地(RB)和皆伐地(RR)不同土层CO₂浓度均出现明显下降,其中,对照(CK)地土壤CO₂浓度值(0~80 cm)分别是RB和RR的1.9、1.3倍;(2)各试验地土壤CO₂通量(0~80 cm)表现为RB(1.99 μmol·m²·s^-1)>RR(0.99 μmol·m²·s^-1)>CK(0.96 μmol·m²·s^-1),除2040 cm土层外,RB土壤各层CO₂通量均显著高于RR和CK(P<0.05);(3)试验地不同土层CO₂通量(0~80 cm)日变化幅度表现为RB>RR>CK,其中,RB土壤各层的变化幅度均显著大于RR和CK(P<0.05),而RR与CK间的差异表现在0~5、10~20、20~40 cm土层(P<0.05);(4)拟合分析表明,各试验地不同深度土壤CO₂通量与土壤温度呈显著相关,且 RB的决定系数(R²)显著高于RR和CK;不同试验地各土层温度、含水量的双因素模型拟合效果均优于单因素模型;Q₁₀值显示,皆伐、火烧后初期土壤各层的温度敏感性得到明显提高。     

Na2SO4胁迫对沙枣幼苗生长和光合生理的影响

采用盆栽控制试验,研究了不同浓度(0、60、120和180 mmol·L-1)Na2SO4胁迫对沙枣幼苗生长和光合特性的影响。结果表明:(1)盐胁迫对沙枣幼苗生长具有显著的抑制效应。不同浓度Na2SO4胁迫沙枣的株高、侧枝数、总叶面积、单株叶片数、比叶面积以及各组织(除根)生物量均显著低于对照,且均随盐胁迫浓度的升高呈下降趋势,而根冠比值则由对照的0.153 1显著增加到180 mmol·L-1Na2SO4胁迫幼苗的0.348 7。(2)盐胁迫显著降低了沙枣幼苗的光合能力。随着Na2SO4胁迫的加剧,净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均呈下降的趋势,而气孔限制值(Ls)和水分利用效率(WUE)则依次增加,且Pn下降主要受气孔限制;180 mmol·L-1Na2SO4胁迫沙枣幼苗的Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr分别为对照的71.57%、30.85%、67.15%和51.65%,而Ls和WUE则分别为对照的1.91、1.38倍。(3)盐胁迫强度与幼苗株高、总叶面积、单株叶片数、比叶面积、茎生物量、叶生物量、总生物量等生长指标以及Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr等光合参数呈极显著负相关,叶片的光合参数与总叶面积、单株叶片数呈显著或极显著正相关,而叶片的生长指标、光合参数与幼苗的株高生长和生物量累积也呈显著或极显著正相关。     

大气SO2和NO2污染及植物的抗性和净化能力研究进展

SO2和NO2为我国大气污染主要污染物,城市森林对SO2和NO2具有一定的抵抗能力和吸收净化能力,利用城市森林对大气污染进行修复具有良好的应用前景.文章概述了我国SO2和NO2气体污染的状况,总结了污染物进入植物体的过程及其损伤机理,并从植物抗性和吸附净化能力两方面总结了城市景观树种与SO2和NO2气体污染的关系研究,并基于研究结论提出今后研究可能发展方向,如SO2、NO2与悬浮颗粒物等复合污染对城市树种生长的影响、树种抗性和吸附能力综合研究等.     

Ash-fertilization improves germination and early establishment of birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) seedlings on a cut-away peatland

Common objectives of afforestation of cut-away peatlands are the diminution of nutrition loads and the production of energy wood in an efficient and economic way. We studied the effect of fertilization and afforestation methods on the early establishment of downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) seedlings on a cut-away peatland. Six treatments of peat-ash, wood-ash, biotite, or PK-fertilizer were replicated in three blocks in different mixtures corresponding to 50 kg/ha of phosphorous. Birch seeds were sown in randomized halves of split plots, while other halves were naturally afforested. Natural afforestation was equal to sowing in terms of seedling amounts due to closeness of surrounding birch stands with abundant seed crops. After the first growing season the greatest quantities and dominant heights of birch seedlings appeared on the ash-fertilized plots, whereas on the unfertilized areas both the establishment and growth of seedlings was very poor. On the other hand, the quantity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings was more than three times higher on the unfertilized areas compared to the ash-fertilized areas. The differences between the fertilized and the unfertilized areas accentuated during the four observation years. Our results support regular use of ash-fertilizers for the afforestation of cut-away peatlands instead of the ash being deposited as a waste in landfills.     

Soil CO2 efflux in an Afromontane forest of Ethiopia as driven by seasonality and tree species

Variability of soil CO₂ efflux strongly depends on soil temperature, soil moisture and plant phenology. Separating the effects of these factors is critical to understand the belowground carbon dynamics of forest ecosystem. In Ethiopia with its unreliable seasonal rainfall, variability of soil CO₂ efflux may be particularly associated with seasonal variation. In this study, soil respiration was measured in nine plots under the canopies of three indigenous trees (Croton macrostachys, Podocarpus falcatus and Prunus africana) growing in an Afromontane forest of south-eastern Ethiopia. Our objectives were to investigate seasonal and diurnal variation in soil CO₂ flux rate as a function of soil temperature and soil moisture, and to investigate the impact of tree species composition on soil respiration. Results showed that soil respiration displayed strong seasonal patterns, being lower during dry periods and higher during wet periods. The dependence of soil respiration on soil moisture under the three tree species explained about 50% of the seasonal variability. The relation followed a Gaussian function, and indicated a decrease in soil respiration at soil volumetric water contents exceeding a threshold of about 30%. Under more moist conditions soil respiration is tentatively limited by low oxygen supply. On a diurnal basis temperature dependency was observed, but not during dry periods when plant and soil microbial activities were restrained by moisture deficiency. Tree species influenced soil respiration, and there was a significant interaction effect of tree species and soil moisture on soil CO₂ efflux variability. During wet (and cloudy) period, when shade tolerant late successional P. falcatus is having a physiological advantage, soil respiration under this tree species exceeded that under the other two species. In contrast, soil CO₂ efflux rates under light demanding pioneer C. macrostachys appeared to be least sensitive to dry (but sunny) conditions. This is probably related to the relatively higher carbon assimilation rates and associated root respiration. We conclude that besides the anticipated changes in precipitation pattern in Ethiopia any anthropogenic disturbance fostering the pioneer species may alter the future ecosystem carbon balance by its impact on soil respiration.     

Potential CO2 emissions mitigation through forest prescribed burning: A case study in Patagonia, Argentina

Wildland fire is a natural force that has shaped most vegetation types of the world. However, its inappropriate management during the last century has led to more frequent and catastrophic fires. Wildland fires are also recognized as one of the sources of CO₂ and other greenhouse gases (GHG) that influence global climate change. As one of the techniques used to reduce the risk of destructive wildfires, prescribed burning has the potential of mitigating carbon emissions, and effectively contributes to the efforts proposed as part of the Clean Development Mechanism within the Kyoto protocol. In order to apply this concept to a real case, a simulation study was conducted in pine afforestation in the Andean region of Patagonia, Argentina, with the objective of evaluating the potential of prescribed burning for reducing GHG emissions. The scenario was established for a ten year period, in which simulated prescribed burning was compared to the traditional management scheme, which included the probability of annual average of wildfire occurrence based on available wildfire statistics. The two contrasting scenarios were: (1) managed afforestation, affected by the annual average rate of wildfires occurred in the same type of afforestation in the region, without prescribed burning, and (2) same as (1) but with the application of simulated prescribed burning. In order to estimate carbon stocks, and CO₂ removals and emissions, we followed the guidelines given for GHG inventories on the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses (AFOLU) sector of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), while the terminology used was the established by IPCC (2003). Data of afforested area, thinnings, and biomass growth were taken from previous surveys in the study area. Downed dead wood and litter (forest fuel load, FFL) was estimated adjusting equations fitted to those fuels, based on field data. Results show that comparing the two scenarios, prescribed burning reduced CO₂ emissions by 44% compared to the situation without prescribed burning. The prescribed burning scenario represented about 12% of the total emissions (prescribed burning plus wildfires). Furthermore, avoided wildfires by simulated prescribed burning allowed an additional 78% GHG emissions mitigation due to extra biomass growth. Simulated prescribed burning in commercial afforestation of Patagonia appears to be an effective management practice not only to prevent wildfires, but also an efficient tool to mitigate GHG emissions. However, more studies in different scenarios would be needed to generalize these benefits to other ecosystems.     

高CO2浓度和干旱胁迫对4种树苗光合特性的影响

在不同CO2浓度(380、720 μmol·mol-1)的密闭式生长箱内,对5年生油松和侧柏苗、3年生元宝枫和刺槐苗进行培养,研究CO2浓度升高与干旱胁迫对4种树苗光合特性和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:高CO2浓度均能增加正常水分和重度干旱胁迫下4个树苗的光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和瞬时水分利用效率(WUE;),而降低蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Cord);在轻度干旱和重度干旱条件下,Pn、Ci、Tr、Cond和WUEi增加,刺槐的WUEi却减少.CO2浓度增加,4个树种在同一干旱时期的碳稳定同位素比值(δ13C)减少.随着干旱胁迫加剧,不同CO2浓度下4个树种的Pn、Tr和Cond减少,而720 μmol·mol-1 CO2浓度下4个树种和380 μmol·mol-1CO2浓度下刺槐和元宝枫的WUEi和δ13C增加,而380μmol·mol-1CO2浓度下油松和侧柏的WUEi和δ13C先增加,到重度干旱时又下降.CO2浓度增加与干旱胁迫的交互作用减弱了干旱胁迫或者CO2浓度增加中的某一因子对气孔变化的敏感性,使得气孔变化缓慢,延迟了水分胁迫的发生.     

CO_2和O_3浓度升高对森林生态系统影响的研究进展

系统收集和整理了国内外关于CO2和O3复合胁迫对森林影响的研究,从两者的复合胁迫对森林树木的光合作用、地上部分生长、根系生长、土壤环境、种间竞争的影响等方面进行了阐述,并对该领域有待深入研究的方向进行了展望;提出应深入开展对植物地下水平和分子水平的研究,为解决全球气候变化对森林造成的影响提供借鉴,同时为生态系统的管理提供依据。     

Potential for CO2 emissions mitigation in Europe through prescribed burning in the context of the Kyoto Protocol

The current paper analyses the potential for prescribed burning techniques for mitigating carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from forest fires and attempts to show quantitatively that it can be a means of achieving a net reduction of carbon emissions in the context of the Kyoto Protocol. The limited number of available studies suggests that significant reductions in CO₂ emissions can be obtained and that prescribed burning can be a viable option for mitigating emissions in fire-prone countries. The present analysis shows that the potential reduction attained by prescribed burning as a percentage of the reduction in emissions required by the Kyoto Protocol varies from country to country. Out of the 33 European countries investigated, only in one the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol could potentially be achieved by applying prescribed burning, while three other nations showed a potential net CO₂ emissions reduction of about 4–8% of the Kyoto requirements and the majority showed a reduction of less than 2%. This implies that prescribed burning can only make a significant contribution in those countries with high wildland fire occurrence. Over a 5-year period the emissions from wildfires in the European region were estimated to be approximately 11 million tonnes of CO₂ per year, while with prescribed burning application this was estimated to be 6 million tonnes, a potential reduction of almost 50%. This means that for countries in the Mediterranean region it may be worthwhile to account for the reduction in emissions obtained when such techniques are applied.     

Effect of elevated CO2 concentration on growth course of tree seedlings in Changbai Mountain

One-year-old seedlings ofPinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestriformis, Phellodendron amurense were grown in open-top chambers (OTCs) with 700 and 500 ώmol/mol CO₂ concentrations, control chamber and on open site (ambient CO₂, about 350 ώmol/mol CO₂) respectively at the Open Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the growth course responses of three species to elevated CO₂ and temperature during one growing season was studied from May to Oct. 1999. The results showed that increase in CO₂ concentration enhanced the growth of seedlings and the effect of 700 (ώmol/mol CO₂ was more remarkable than 500 ώmol/mol CO₂ on seedling growth. Under the condition of doubly elevated CO₂ concentration, the biomass increased by 38% in average for coniferous seedlings and 60% for broad-leaved seedlings. With continuous treatment of high CO₂ concentration, the monthly-accumulated biomass of shade-tolerantPinus koraiensis seedlings was bigger in July than in August and September, while those ofPinus sylvestriformis andPhellodendron amurense seedlings showed an increase in July and August, or did not decrese until September. During the hot August, high CO₂ concentration enhanced the growth ofPinus koraiensis seedlings by increasing temperature, but it did not show dominance in other two species. Foundation Item: This paper was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Open Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem.     

穗条生根剂育苗基质和季节对西南桦扦插生根的影响

西南桦(Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don)是我国西南省(区)造林规模最大的乡土珍贵用材树种.西南桦具有材性优良、容易加工、色泽淡红、不易变形等木材特性,是高级家具、室内装修、木地板的优质材料,经济价值甚高.由于目前育苗用种多采自天然次生林,随着西南桦天然资源的日益贫乏,加剧了造林规模不断扩大与供种量逐渐减少的矛盾;而且,实生苗造林的林木个体间遗传变异较大,林分木材单产较低.随着良种选育工作的深入,西南桦人工林向"有性选育,无性利用"路径发展.     

Effects of CO2 enrichment at varying photon flux density on the growth of picea abies (L) karst. seedlings

Seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.)) were grown at 335 and 1000 μl CO₂ 1^?1 for 118 days in growth rooms at different irradiance levels. Photon flux density ranging from 8.6 to 34.6 mol m^?2 day^?t (PAR) was given either as constant light or as alternating levels in intervals of two or six hours. CO₂ enrichment increased the plant dry weight from 36% to 105% by increasing photon flux density from 8.6 to 25.9 mol m^?2 day^?1. At constant light the dry weight apparently reached its maximum at a photon flux density of 25.9 mol m^?2 day^?t. At the lower radiation levels alternating in CO₂ enriched air gave slightly higher dry weights compared to constant light levels. At the highest radiations the effect on dry weight was the opposite. High CO₂ concentration and 300 μmol m^?2 s^?1 constant light (25.9 mol m^?2 day^?1) gave the best growth and quality of plants. Top, root, stem and foliage weight were proportionally affected. Shoot length was enhanced by CO₂ enrichment. Shoot weight per cm was substantially increased both by CO₂ enrichment and increasing photon flux density.     

O_3胁迫对三种楠木幼苗光合作用的影响及伤害症状

[目的]随着全球O_3浓度升高,O_3胁迫对植物影响的研究已成为研究的热点之一。我国的相关研究较少,主要以农作物为主,且大多局限在北方地区。本研究探讨O_3胁迫下,亚热带三种楠木幼苗光合作用的变化规律及其可见伤害症状,以期为后续研究提供理论依据。[方法]以一年生亚热带乡土树种桢楠、闽楠和刨花楠幼苗为材料,采用开顶式气室(OTCs),研究低浓度O_3、环境大气、100 n L·L-1O_3、150 n L·L-1O_3处理对光合作用的影响及伤害症状。[结果]研究表明:(1)O_3胁迫下,三种楠木幼苗的光合作用受到一定的抑制,气孔导度和净光合速率的相关性降低,对光合有效辐射的利用范围整体减小,出现了明显的光抑制现象。O_3浓度越高,对桢楠和刨花楠光合作用的抑制效果越明显,而100 n L·L-1O_3处理对闽楠光合作用的抑制效果较150 n L·L-1O_3处理明显。环境大气中的O_3浓度均值较低,但由于其较高的O_3浓度峰值,仍对三种楠木幼苗的光合作用产生了一定的抑制。与环境大气相比,低浓度O_3处理通过消除较高的O_3浓度峰值从而缓解了O_3对光合作用的不利影响。(2)O_3胁迫下,桢楠叶片出现褪绿、黄斑和坏死斑的症状,闽楠叶片出现褪绿、黄斑和水渍的症状,刨花楠叶片出现红褐色斑、水渍、坏死斑、卷曲皱缩、失水萎蔫的症状。三种楠木幼苗叶片的伤害症状随O_3浓度的增加而更明显。[结论]三种楠木幼苗叶片的光合作用均受到O_3的抑制,并出现了伤害症状,可作为O_3污染的指示树种。光合作用对O_3敏感性的关系为:刨花楠闽楠桢楠,其中刨花楠对O_3更敏感,伤害症状也较多样,因此指示O_3污染的效果更好。     

喷施营养液和NaHSO3对'蓝星'高山桧扦插生根的影响

In this study, we investigated the optimal concentration of nutrient-mist and NaHSO₃ for cutting propagation of Juniperus squamata 'Blue Star' , as well as the variation in the contents of chlorophyll in leaves, and solubility carbohydrate,soluble protein and other nutrition in leaves and bases of cuttings during rooting. Cuttings of grade Ⅲ (the lenghth of cutting bases lignified from 0.1 to 0.2 cm) was treated by 1/4MS+NaHSO₃(200 mg·L^-1),and the rooting rate rose 35% and root qualities were improved compared with control experiment, for there were different effects among three grade cuttings. The treatment of grade Ⅲ cuttings also resulted in higher content of soluble sugar and starch of those bases during rooting, especially obviously different for fifteen days, but less effect on the chlorophyll and some nutrition content of cutting leaves.     

植物对氯化钠和硫酸钠胁迫生理响应研究进展

氯化钠是一种最为常见的盐胁迫类型,在我国乃至全球分布面积最大。但在某些地区(如我国"三北"的局部地区),硫酸钠、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠等类型盐渍土的面积更大、危害更深,且有很多植物(如碱蓬、白刺、柽柳等)常分布于多种不同类型的盐碱地。因此,开展植物对不同类型盐碱胁迫对比研究、探讨其内在生理机制的异同显得尤为迫切和必要,并极具现实意义和理论价值。根据国内外文献资料,文中在总结盐胁迫生长抑制效应的基础上,对比、分析了植物对氯化钠和碳酸钠胁迫的生理响应异同,主要包括离子代谢生理、水分与渗透调节生理、光合生理等,并对该领域存在的问题和未来研究重点进行了探讨,以期为同类研究提供参考与借鉴。     

外源ABA对短期H_2O_2胁迫下侧柏幼苗活性氧代谢及相关基因的影响

[目的]研究外源ABA处理对H_2O_2胁迫下侧柏幼苗活性氧代谢系统的影响,探讨ABA调控侧柏氧化胁迫的可能作用机制。[方法]以侧柏幼苗为试验材料,采用水培方式,研究外施低浓度(0.5μmol·L~(-1))和高浓度(200μmol·L~(-1))ABA对100 mmol·L~(-1)H_2O_2胁迫下侧柏幼苗活性氧代谢的影响。[结果](1)100 mmol·L~(-1)H_2O_2胁迫48 h显著增加了侧柏幼苗叶片过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和脯氨酸含量、抗氧化物酶(SOD和CAT)活性,而可溶性蛋白含量降低。(2)相较于高浓度200μmol·L~(-1)ABA,施加0.5μmol·L~(-1)ABA显著减少了H_2O_2胁迫下侧柏幼苗H_2O_2和MDA的积累,进一步提高了侧柏幼苗叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性,同时促进GSH、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的合成。(3)100 mmol·L~(-1)H_2O_2胁迫处理48 h,侧柏幼苗叶片活性氧代谢相关基因Cu/Zn-SOD、CAT、GR、APX、MDAR和GST表达水平较对照CK均有显著性提高;正常和H_2O_2胁迫下侧柏幼苗外施0.5μmol·L~(-1)ABA相较于200μmol·L~(-1)更有利于提高侧柏叶片活性氧代谢相关基因Cu/Zn-SOD、CAT、GR、APX、MDAR和GST的表达量。[结论]低浓度0.5μmol·L~(-1)ABA有效地增强抗氧化系统的防御能力,减弱幼苗的氧化胁迫和膜脂过氧化水平,从而降低活性氧对侧柏的伤害。     

地涌金莲及红苞地涌金莲对光和CO2的响应

比较分析了地涌金莲原种及红苞地涌金莲变种的光响应和CO2响应特征以及叶绿素含量等指标.结果表明:(1)在Pn-PAR中,地涌金莲原种的最大光饱和净光合速率、光补偿点和暗呼吸速率分别较红苞变种高20.42％、34.88％、31.95％,而光饱和点却较红苞变种低4.95％;Pn-Ci响应的各参数中,原种的光呼吸速率、CO2饱和最大净光合速率以及羧化效率分别高于红苞变种2.73％、14.79％、21.35％,说明地涌金莲的光合能力要强于红苞地涌金莲;(2)地涌金莲具有典型的C3植物特征;(3)地涌金莲为阳性耐荫植物;(4)地涌金莲的叶绿素a、b以及a/b的含量分别高于红苞地涌金莲22.60％、32.46％、25.06％.     

重金属Pb2+和Cd2+对毛竹种子萌发及幼苗早期生长的影响

以毛竹种子为试材,研究不同浓度铅离子(Pb2+)、镉离子(Cd2+)对毛竹种子萌发和幼苗早期生长的影响。结果表明:随着Pb2+和Cd2+浓度的增加,毛竹种子的发芽率呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,发芽指数、活力指数均与浓度呈负相关关系;同时,Pb2+和Cd2+对幼苗根伸长、芽伸长及生物量积累等指标具有显著的抑制作用,并且这种抑制作用随着浓度的升高而增强,尤其是根部,根伸长抑制率最高分别达到96.20%和94.00%;幼苗地上部分与地下部分对Pb2+、Cd2+的积累随着胁迫强度的增加而升高,但地下部分的积累量要显著高于前者,相同浓度下最高差距分别达到地上部分的27.21、6.25倍。