白菜叶缘裂刻近等基因系的cDNA-AFLP分析及SCAR标记的转化#br#

【目的】寻找与白菜叶缘裂刻发育相关的表达基因,了解叶缘裂刻调控的分子机理。 【方法】应用cDNA-AFLP技术从 mRNA 表达水平研究白菜叶全缘和裂刻近等基因系间基因表达的差异。【结果】共获得 57 条差异片段,合并归属于 55 条非重复序列,其中在叶全缘株系中增强或特异表达的有 25 条,叶裂刻株系中增强或特异表达的有 30 条。54 条差异片段可以在 NCBI 数据库中找到同源序列(包括 EST)、其中42 条为已知基因,1条没有找到同源序列。按照其参与的生物学途径归类,已知基因片段参与了代谢、转录、细胞囊泡运输、蛋白质合成和降解、蛋白质储藏与运输、信号传导、光合系统、基因转座等相关过程。用 AFLP 转化的 SCAR 标记在分离群体上验证结果表明,SEL7B16-SCAR 检测片段的表达模式与 cDNA-AFLP 结果一致。【结论】构建了白菜叶缘裂刻发育调控基因表达谱,识别了与已知NAC036、DP-2、MYB77、TCP24 参与调控裂刻发生基因密切相关的片段。基于cDNA-AFLP特异序列,开发了1条与裂刻紧密连锁的 SCAR 标记,命名为SEL7B16-SCAR,可用于裂叶纯合和杂合的分子辅助选择。     

小麦抗叶锈近等基因系TcLr38的cDNA-AFLP分析

 【目的】分析经叶锈菌诱导小麦抗叶锈近等基因系TcLr38的基因表达情况,寻找与抗病基因表达相关的片段。【方法】应用cDNA-AFLP技术从mRNA表达水平研究TcLr38和感病对照Thatcher与小麦叶锈菌05-22-65（THTS）互作时基因表达的差异。【结果】76对引物组合检测到约3 800条条带,平均每一对选择性引物可以获得50条条带,其中28对能够在小麦近等基因系TcLr38和感病对照Thatcher之间扩增出特异性条带。多态性条带划分为8种类型,其中3种类型可能与抗病基因相关。最终得到95条小麦抗叶锈近等基因系TcLr38的特异性表达的转录衍生片段（TDF）,其中19条差异TDFs只在接种叶锈菌的TcLr38中出现,为上调表达,而8条差异TDFs为下调表达。对可能与抗病相关的特异TDFs中的21条片段进行序列测定与分析,经BLASTx比较,17个TDFs所推导的蛋白质序列在数据库中找到其所对应的同源序列,15个TDFs为已知功能的基因。【结论】通过对功能已知的基因分析,推测决定蛋白激酶C、ATP结合蛋白、类受体激酶、信号传导组氨酸激酶（HPK）、肽酶家族M23、Dnak抑制蛋白DksA、甲硫氨酸tRNA合成酶、RanGTP酶激活蛋白1、烯酰辅酶A水合酶的TDFs可能与抗病或防御过程相关。     

PEG模拟干旱胁迫对叶缘裂刻小白菜生理特性的影响

研究PEG模拟干旱胁迫下小白菜近等基因系叶缘深裂(11H)和叶缘全缘(11B)幼苗萎蔫指数和生理特性的变化。结果表明,随着PEG胁迫质量浓度增大,2种材料幼苗叶片的萎蔫指数、失水率、相对电导率及丙二醛(MDA)含量均呈上升趋势,显著大于对照(CK),且11B较11H上升幅度大;二者叶片相对含水量随干旱胁迫加重而逐渐下降,11B的下降幅度大于11H。11B的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随着胁迫增强均呈先较大程度上升后大幅度下降趋势;11H的POD活性先上升再下降,最终持续维持在较高水平,11H的SOD和CAT活性表现为持续上升的趋势。在高质量浓度PEG胁迫下,11H的SOD和CAT活性较11B高。综合比较不同质量浓度PEG胁迫下11H和11B的生理特性变化,确定11H抗旱能力强于11B。     

茶树的RAPD标记向SCAR标记转化的研究

SCAR标记是在RAPD技术的基础上发展起来的一种新型分子标记技术,相对其他分子标记,它具有开发成本低,稳定性高,单位点多态等特点,将为茶树分子育种开辟一条新的有效途径。通过将随机引物在不同茶树品种基因组DNA中扩增得到的特异性片段,经回收、克隆、测序后重新设计1对特异性引物,将RAPD标记成功转化成SCAR标记,提高了分子鉴定的稳定性。     

葡萄无核基因的SCAR标记及Southern blot分析

根据无核基因特异RAPD标记的序列进行分析,合成1对特异引物P1+P3(序列分别是P1:5′CTCATCTTCTTGATGGTGAT3′;P3:5′AAGTGAAGAACATCATTAAGAAC3′),对30个葡萄材料进行PCR扩增,成功地将RAPD标记转换成SCAR标记。并对含有该标记序列的重组质粒进行Hind 和Spe 双酶切,获得的310bp片段回收后制成探测葡萄无核基因存在与否的杂交探针,成功地对7个葡萄品种进行Southernblot分析,实现了分子标记检测葡萄无核基因的目的。     

鲤抗寒性状的RAPD标记转化为SCAR标记的研究

以黑龙江鲤Cyprinus carpio haematopterus、荷包红鲤抗寒品系、荷包红鲤Cyprinus carpio var.、柏氏鲤Cyprinus pellegnini pellegnini以及荷包红鲤抗寒品系(父本)与柏氏鲤(母本)杂交F2的DNA样品为材料,用300个随机引物对其进行PCR扩增,获得2个与鲤抗寒性状相关的分子标记AL04986和AR02788。回收、纯化这两个RAPD标记,连接到pMD18-T载体中,转化DH5α大肠杆菌感受态细胞,并对插入片段进行测序。根据测序结果,设计了3对SCAR引物SCAL04L/SCAL04R1、SCAL04L/SCAL04R2和SCAR02L/SCAR02R,其中SCAR02L/SCAR02R这对引物可以成功的反映出杂交F2两个群体在抗寒能力上的差异,适宜的退火温度为57℃,将此标记命名为SCAR02788。根据AL04986的测序结果设计的两对SCAR引物并没有反映出这种差异。SCAR02L/SCAR02R标记可以用作鲤抗寒基因分子辅助选择的依据。     

利用cDNA-AFLP技术分析白菜核雄性不育两用系的表达差异

 利用cDNA AFLP技术 ,对白菜核雄性不育两用系可育株群和不育株群分析显示 :花蕾之间基因表达存在差异 ;莲座期叶片之间、开花期叶片之间和花茎之间基因表达无差异 ;叶片、花茎和花蕾之间基因表达存在差异。对开花期的小蕾、中蕾和大蕾分析显示 :10对引物中 ,1对在可育株中蕾和大蕾中扩增出 1条特异带 ,另 1对扩增出 1条在可育株中蕾中表达丰度高于不育株中蕾的条带 ,其余 8对未发现差异条带。对上述表达丰度有差异的基因进行Northern验证 ,结果与之一致 ,表明cDNA AFLP技术可以用于植物雄性不育基因表达差异的研究。     

6个小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系的cDNA-AFLP差异表达分析

应用cDNA-AFLP技术对小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系TcLr9、TcLr15、TcLr19、TcLr25、TcLr38、TcLr45和感病亲本Thatcher间的表达差异进行分析,共选用226对引物组合对其进行筛选,检测出7 554条条带,平均每对引物可获得33条扩增条带。筛选出68对引物能够在小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系TcLr9、TcLr15、TcLr19、TcLr25、TcLr38、TcLr45和感病亲本Thatcher之间扩增出特异表达条带,特异表达检出率为30.1%。68对引物共扩增出84条特异表达条带,并根据基因表达与否及表达量划分为9种不同的特异表达类型(I~IX)。其中,I、V和VII型特异表达类型为组成型表达,共49条;II、IV、VI和VIII型特异表达类型表达上调,共21条;III和IX型特异表达类型表达下调,共14条。有5种特异表达类型(IV、V、VI、VII、VIII型)可能与小麦的抗病反应相关,并且这5种特异表达类型又分为两类亚型,第一类亚型是小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系与小麦叶锈菌互作时特异表达(I V型)或者表达量明显增加(VI、VIII型),为诱导性特异表达类型;第二类亚型为组成型特异表达类型(V、VII型)。     

小麦抗白粉病基因Pm6的RAPD标记和SCAR标记

用 1 8 1条 1 0碱基随机引物扩增感病亲本豫麦 1 3号和含Pm6基因的抗病亲本Tim galen ,有 37条引物在Timgalen中检测到多态性片断 ,经多次重复和F2 验证 ,引物S1 38仍能在Timgalen中扩增出稳定的多态性片断 ,对该多态性片断进行回收、克隆和测序 ,根据其序列合成 1对特异引物 ,成功地将RAPD标记转化成稳定的SCAR标记 ,并用此引物对豫麦 1 3号和Timgalen的杂交F2 单株检测 ,计算出该标记与抗病基因之间的遗传距离为 2 7.1cM。并对含不同抗白粉病基因的载体品种进行了SCAR分析。     

SCAR标记辅助的大白菜雄性不育系定向转育

以含有不育基因Ms的大白菜核不育杂交一代、回交一代和可育株自交一代为检测群体,利用与不育基因Ms紧密连锁的5个SCAR标记对群体进行标记的适用性检测并对可育株的基因型进行鉴定。结果表明,标记syau-scr02和syau-scr03仅扩增出没有差异的弱带;syau-scr04和syau-scr05在可育池和不育池中均能扩增出目的片段,多态性消失;只有标记syau-scr01在09H12群体中具有明显的多态性,其重组交换率为2.97%,遗传距离为2.15 cM,表明其可用于后期的标记辅助选择。经标记检测初步推断,全可育杂一代09H9和09H10材料的育性分离后代中可育单株的基因型为MfSMS,4份育性1∶1分离材料的分离后代中可育株的基因型为msms。以此为根据设计新的转育方案,以期在后续试验中得到新核不育系、乙型两用系和甲型两用系,并通过与标记syau-scr01相结合筛选与可育基因msms或MsfMsf相连锁的新标记。     

大白菜中与芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)感病基因连锁的AFLP标记

 TuMV是大白菜病毒病的主要病原物之一,所以抗TuMV病毒病成为白菜抗病育种的主要目标,寻找与抗性基因紧密连锁的分子标记,进行分子标记辅助育种,是提高白菜抗病育种效率的有效手段。以抗病自交系Brp0058和感病自交系Brp0181杂交后代的F2分离群体为试材,采用分离群体分组分析法(BSA),筛选到2个与TuMV感病基因紧密连锁的AFLP分子标记,利用MAPMAKER/EXP(Version3.0)作图软件统计,其遗传距离分别为7.5和8.4cM。     

大白菜杂交种“冠春”特异性SCAR标记的获得及其验证

以获得的春大白菜品种"冠春"的特异性RAPD标记为依据,通过对8个特异片段的回收,克隆测序,采用引物延长法设计了SCAR引物,经过双亲及其杂交一代的鉴定,6个SCAR引物多态性消失,2个SCAR引物扩增出了单一的特异条带,而且SCAR标记的差异与原始的RAPD特异性标记的差异完全相同,为大白菜杂交种"冠春"的品种鉴定和品种保护提供了技术依据。     

AFLP Marker Linked to Turnip Mosaic Virus Susceptible Gene in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) which has several strains causes the most important virusdisease in Chinese cabbage in terms of crop damage. In China, Chinese cabbage is infectedby a mixture of strains, breeding of cultivar for the TuMV resistance has become themajor aim. Screening the molecular marker linked to the TuMV-resistance gene formolecular assisted selection is the major method to improve the breeding efficiency. Inthis study, we used AFLP technique and the method of bulked segregant analysis(BSA) tostudy the progeny of Brp0058 x Brp0108, and identified two DNA molecular marker linked toTurnip mosaic virus-resistance gene with a recombination frequency 7.5 cM and 8.4 cM.     

Identification of Heat Tolerance Linked Molecular Markers of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris L.ssp. pekinensis)

Genetically stable population of recombination inbred line (RIL) was derived from a cross between a heat tolerant line 177 and a heat sensitive line 276 of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp.pekinensis ) by single seed descent. The RILs were analyzed using isozyme, RAPD and AFLP techniques in order to find molecular markers that are linked to heat tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTL). The results of variance analysis of single factor indicated that there were 9 molecular markers closely linked with heat tolerance QTL, including 5 AFLP markers, 3 RAPD markers and 1 PGM isozyme marker. Total genetic contribution of these makers to heat tolerance was 46.7%. Five of the nine markers distributed in one linkage group,the remaining 4 markers were located in separate groups. Thus the 9 heat tolerance linked markers distributed in 5 independent locations in the genome of Chinese cabbage.     

利用SRAP分子标记技术鉴定大白菜种子纯度

以大白菜品种多抗3及其父母本为研究材料,利用SRAP（相关序列扩增多态性）分子标记方法,通过对54对SRAP标准引物的筛选,获得了能区分大白菜多抗3及其亲本的引物Me4F/Em3R。采Me4F/Em3R引物对对5份多抗3系列商品种子纯度进行检验,种子的纯度分别为75.5%、72%、80.5%、68%和73%,与田间种植...     

Differential Expression Analysis of Genic Male Sterility A/B Lines in Chinese Cabbage-Pak-Choi(Brassica Campestris ssp. chinensis Makino)

To determine differential expression of genic male sterility A/B lines in Chinese cabbage-pakchoi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino var. communis Teen et Lee), we used the RNA fingerprinting technique, cDNA-AFLP analysis, in different developmental stages and different tissues. While no obvious differential expressions were observed in rosette leaves, florescence leaves, and scapes, some differential expressions were found in alabstrums of A/B lines and among leaves, scapes and alabstrums. We analyzed the alabstrums collected in different developmental stages with 10 primer combinations. We got a unique band between middle size alabstrums and large alabstrums in B line in one of the ten pair primers, and in another one pair, one band reflecting a higher gene-expression level in A line than that in B line was obtained. No unique bands were found with the other primer combinations. The bands reflecting different gene-expression level were confirmed by Northern hybridization. The results indicated that cDNA-AFLP was a suitable tool for studying differential expression of genic male sterility in plants. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of soluble proteins further verified the difference in A/B lines.     

大白菜小孢子胚诱导和植株再生

研究大白菜游离小孢子胚诱导主要影响因素,旨在优化培养体系,创制优异DH群体,获得纯合育种材料。以15个大白菜杂交种为试材,采用游离小孢子培养方法,研究了基因型、培养基成分、低温预处理、取材时期对小孢子胚发生的影响。结果表明:不同试材的小孢子胚发生频率有明显差异,有13个品种诱导得到了胚状体,最高出胚率达每蕾10.16胚;NLN培养基中添加0.05～0.20mg.L-1的6-BA和0.10mg.L-1NAA对胚状体的发生和发育有促进作用;花蕾低温预处理对胚状体发生有明显促进作用;盛花期取样的小孢子产胚率高于始花期和末花期;改良MS培养基中添加0.10g.L-1的活性炭,有利于胚状体的发育及成苗;MS 0.10mg.L-1NAA为小孢子植株生根最适宜的培养基;建立了高效的大白菜游离小孢子培养与植株再生体系。     

Identification of QTLs Related to Bolting in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis(syn. Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis)

A genetic linkage map of Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis was constructed with 186 AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers by using a doubled-haploid (DH) population with 183 individuals. The individuals were derived from F1 which was developed by crossing a bolting resistant DH line Y-177-12 and an easy bolting DH line Y195-93a.AFLPs were generated by the use of restriction enzymes EcoR Ⅰ and Mse Ⅰ. The segregation of each marker and linkage was analyzed by using JoinMap version 3.0. Mapped markers were aligned in ten linkage groups which covered 887.8 cM with an average marker interval of 4.47 cM. Markers showing skewed segregation ratio were clustered in six LGs.Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for bolting resistance by using MAPQTL 4.0 package. Four QTLs explaining from 7.0 to 9.4% of the total variation were detected, all of them increase bolting resistance. These mapped QTLs could be used to develop a marker assisted selection programme for bolting resistance breeding.