沼液喂猪在我国的研究进展

研究了沼液喂猪对猪增重、发病率、肉质的影响及其机理,提出沼液喂猪是安全可行的,是降低养猪成本、控制养猪对环境污染的一条有益途径.     

沼液喂猪的方法和效果

沼液是沼气池进行厌氧发酵时形成的上清液。近年来，经国内有关科研部门进行的科学试验和群众养猪实践证明，在喂猪饲料营养水平较低的情况下，在猪的饲料中添加沼液，对加快猪的生长和促进猪增重具有一定效果：为拓宽养猪饲料来源，使沼液变废为宝，笔者现将沼液喂猪的增重机理及沼液喂猪的方法和效果情况介绍如下。     

用沼液喂猪注意啥

沼液中含有丰富的蛋白质、矿物质和猪生长所必需的氨基酸、维生素等,用沼液喂猪可加快猪的生长,提高养猪经济效益。但是用沼液要注意以下几点。     

饲料中添加沼液养猪

为了提高沼气资源的有效利用率，进一步探索沼液利用的新途径，为推广沼液养猪技术提供依据，我们进行了添加沼液喂猪试验。     

沼气废液喂猪好不好

沼气废液喂猪好不好问：我县推广沼气很有成绩，有人建议以沼气废液喂猪，请问沼气废液喂猪好不好？（马殷恭城县）答：沼液喂猪，其效果与沼液的成份，即沼气池投放的原料有很大的关系。单一投料的池，如畜牧场的沼气池，养牛的投牛粪，养猪的投猪粪，原料单一，沼液中可...     

沼液喂猪

沼液是沼气池副产品,近年来,应用于养猪生产,实践证明用沼液喂猪将减少饲料投入,提高养猪经济效益。一、沼液的营养制沼气原料(人畜粪便、农作物秸秆、杂草等)在厌氧环境中,经一系列复杂的发酵、溶解、降解、生物合成等物理的、化学的、生物的变化和     

沼液在养猪生产上的应用

沼液就是沼气池进行厌氧发酵时形成的上清液。近年来，经国内有关科研部门进行的科学试验和群众养猪实践证明，在喂猪饲料营养水平较低的情况下，在猪的饲料中添加沼液，对加快猪的生长和促进猪增重具有一定效果。为拓宽养猪饲料来源，使沼液变废为宝，现将沼液喂猪的增重机理及使用方法介绍如下。１沼液喂猪的增重机理近年的研究证明，沼液喂猪能促进增重的主要因素是：在沼液中普遍存在有芽孢杆菌。这类细菌在芽孢形成过程中，能释放多肽类抗生素。芽孢作为休眠形态的细胞，对热、化学杀菌物及辐射均有很强的抵抗力，不但能顺利通过动物的…     

添加沼液喂猪的调查

安徽省阜南县农民用沼液喂猪已快三年了。1986年苗集乡民办教师沈朝军开始试喂,以后县科委、县能源办等先后安排多点试喂,均取得较好的饲养效果,受到省、地、县有关部门领导的重视,曾多次召开会议推广这一方法,到1988年上半年,全县用沼液喂猪农户已增到1500多户,养猪4000余头,推动了当地养猪生产的发展。一、饲养效果     

生态养猪的经济效益和生态效益(二)

<正>(上接2017年4期《规模养猪》50页)2.2国内生态养猪的主要模式及其经济效益和生态效益我国生态养猪业已有成千上万的成功实例,可以吸纳为如下生态养猪的模式:粮油加工-加工副产物养猪-猪粪肥田模式;饲料喂鸡-鸡粪喂猪-沼气-沼液培育水生植物或入塘养鱼模式;饲料喂猪-猪粪堆肥发酵-种真菌-养蚯蚓等模式;生态猪场模式,即污水净化与水生饲料生产结合模式;     

沼液喂猪注意事项

随着农村沼气工程的推进,养猪场与养猪大户纷纷建起了沼气池,这既净化了养猪场(户)的生态环境,为养猪场(户)提供了新的能源。而且也为生猪饲养提供了一种新的饲料添加剂——沼液。用沼液喂猪节约饲料,降低饲养成本,而且喂沼液的猪食欲好,外貌好看,膘肥体壮,喜静爱睡,不乱     

妊娠中期猪羊水来源干细胞EGFP基因转化及体外分化

本研究旨在获得妊娠中期猪羊水来源千细胞,并通过用EGFP对干细胞进行标记,为以EGFP作为示踪标记对干细胞进行体内移植研究奠定基础.利用羊水来源干细胞培养技术体系,从胎龄60 d猪胎儿羊水中分离获得干细胞,通过脂质体介导转染将EGFP基因导入干细胞,诱导转基因干细胞向肌细胞和神经细胞分化,观察其分化特点.采用RT-PCR技术检测干细胞和分化细胞表面标志或相关基因.结果成功分离培养出妊娠中期猪羊水来源干细胞,并获得转EGFP基因干细胞.干细胞在表达EGFP的同时仍具有分化潜能.干细胞中Oct4、CD-90和Sox2表达阳性;体外诱导的干细胞能分化为肌细胞(表达myf-6和myoD)、星形胶质细胞(表达GFAP)、少突胶质细胞(表达GalC)和神经元细胞(表达NF、NSE和MAP2).研究表明,从妊娠中期猪胎儿羊水中分离干细胞具有可行性和有效性,转EGFP基因干细胞具有自我更新、增殖和分化潜能,可以用EGFP对羊水来源干细胞进行标记、追踪,为EGFP作为示踪标记对干细胞用于体内移植研究奠定了基础.     

Evaluation of an abdominal fluid scoring system determined using abdominal focused assessment with sonography for trauma in 101 dogs with motor vehicle trauma

Objective – Evaluate an abdominal fluid scoring (AFS) system using an abdominal focused assessment with sonography for trauma (AFAST) protocol.
Design – Prospective study.
Setting – Private veterinary emergency center.
Animals – One hundred and one client-owned dogs with motor vehicle trauma.
Interventions – AFAST performed on admission and 4 hours post-admission.
Measurements and Main Results – An AFS was assigned to each dog based on the number of AFAST fluid-positive quadrants identified using a 4-point scale: AFS 0 (negative for fluid in all quadrants) to AFS 4 (positive for fluid in all quadrants). Free abdominal fluid was identified in 27 of 101 dogs (27%). Dogs with AFS scores of 3 or 4 (14/27 [52%] AFS-positive dogs) experienced more marked decreases in packed cell volume and total plasma protein, increases in alanine aminotransferase, and needed more blood transfusions than dogs with lower AFS scores and AFS-negative dogs. Serial AFAST was performed in 71% of dogs (71/101); 17% (12/71) of these cases changed AFS score, and 75% (9/12) of the changes were higher (worsened) AFS, correlating with increasing amounts of free abdominal fluid. Ninety-eight percent of the study population was a primary presentation. Overall, median time from trauma to initial AFAST was 60 minutes, and median AFAST examination time was 3 minutes.
Conclusions – Initial and serial AFAST with applied AFS allowed rapid, semiquantitative measure of free abdominal fluid in traumatized patients, was clinically associated with severity of injury, and reliably guided clinical management. Where possible, AFAST and AFS should be applied to the management of blunt trauma cases.     

秦川牛血液蛋白多态性与繁殖性状关系的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术测定了秦川牛（148头）血红蛋白（Hb）、运铁蛋白（Tf）、后运铁蛋白（PTf）、血清白蛋白（Alb）和后白蛋白（Pa）的遗传多样性。分析了各多态座位不同基因型与秦川牛若干繁殖性状的关系。结果表明：HbAA型母牛的初情期年龄（AFS），初产年龄（AFC）极显著早于HbAB型母牛（P〈0．01）。TfAA型母牛的初情期和初产年龄显著早于TfDD型母牛（P〈0．05）。PTf SS型母牛的初情期显著早于PTf FS型母牛和PTf FF型母牛（P〈0．05）。Alb AA型母牛的初情期显著早于Alb AC型母牛（P〈0．05）。Tf A基因对D基因的替代平均效应值初情期提前1．68d，初产年龄提前19．89d。AlbA基因对B基因的替代平均效应值初情期提前8．06d。     

荷斯坦牛羊水来源干细胞分离培养及其表面标志检测

利用羊水来源干细胞培养技术体系,从胎龄285 d荷斯坦奶牛胎儿羊水中分离培养干细胞;采用RT-PCR技术检测干细胞表面标志或相关基因。成功分离培养出奶牛羊水来源干细胞,干细胞中CD-90、Nanog、Oct4、TERT、Sox2、Desmin和HES1表达阳性。从奶牛胎儿羊水中分离干细胞具有可行性和有效性,为进行转基因研究提供靶细胞奠定了基础。     

Neurogenic Differentiation of EGFP Gene Transfected Amniotic Fluid‐Derived Stem Cells from Pigs at Intermediate and Late Gestational Ages

The aims of this study were (i) to determine whether amniotic fluid‐derived stem cells (amniotic fluid‐derived stem; AFS cells) could be isolated from pigs at intermediate and late gestational ages, and (ii) to determine if these AFS cells could be differentiated in vitro into neural lineages following transfection with a reporter gene, enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP). Amniotic fluid‐derived stem cells were isolated from embryonic day 60 and day 110 porcine amniotic fluid respectively, and transfected with EGFP gene using lipofection. The transfected AFS cells were induced to differentiate into cells of neuronal lineages. Markers associated with undifferentiated AFS cells and their neural derivatives were tested by polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that porcine AFS cells could be isolated at intermediate and late gestational ages and that transfected AFS expressed EGFP and could be induced to differentiate in vitro. Undifferentiated AFS cells expressed POU5F1, THY1 and SOX2, while following differentiation cells expressed markers for astrocytes (GFAP), oligodendrocytes (GALC) and neurons (NF, ENOS and MAP2).     

Estimation of genetic parameters for 13 female fertility indices in Holstein dairy cows

This study was aimed to assess genetic parameters for 13 traits in heifers and first-parity Holstein dairy cows. Data consisted of calving and insemination dates of 14,707 Holstein dairy cows in Isfahan province of Iran. Reproductive traits included age at first service (AFS), first service to conception (FSTC), gestation length (GL), age at first calving (AFC), calving to first service (CTFS), days open (DO), calving interval (CI), number of services per conception (NS), and non-return rate at 56 days (NRR). Model equations were optimized using GLM procedure in SAS package following genetic analysis using animal models in ASREML software. Minimum and maximum departure from normal distribution for phenotypic records belonged to AFS, NRR, GL, DO, CI and AFC, NS, FSTC, CTFS, respectively. Estimated heritability varied from 0.002 (NRR) to 0.184 (GL) in heifers and from 0.003 (NRR) to 0.153 (GL) in first-parity cows. AFS, CTFS, and GL were noticeably heritable compared to other assessed traits. Estimated absolute additive genetic correlations were in the range of 0.01 (NRR and AFS) and 0.99 (NRR and NS) in heifers and 0.07 (GL and CI) to 1 (FSTC and CI) in cows. Additive genetic correlations were antagonistic between AFS and other traits, except AFC. Interestingly, NRR which has been included in sire catalogs had the highest average absolute genetic associations with other traits.     

Genetic analyses of early-expressed reproduction traits of Boran and their crosses with Holstein Friesian and Jersey in Central Highlands of Ethiopia

The study was conducted to assess early-expressed reproductive traits of Boran cattle and their crosses with Jersey and Holstein Friesian (HF). The traits studied were age at first services (AFS), number of services for first conception, age at first calving (AFC), first dry period (FDP), first calving interval (FCI), and first service period (FSP). Genetic group and period of birth/calving had a significant (p?<?0.05) effect on reproductive traits. The Boran cattle were inferior to HF or Jersey crosses. First crosses (F ₁) for Jersey and Boran (50 % Jersey: 50 % Boran) showed a significantly (p?<?0.05) younger AFS (by 7.25 months) and AFC (by 10.75 months), had shorter FCI (by 63.27 days), FDP (by 61.13 days), and FSP (by 60.3 days), and needed less (by 0.35) numbers of services per first conception as compared to the Boran cattle. The F ₁ for Jersey and Boran (50 % Jersey: 50 % Boran) crosses showed better performance than the F ₁ for HF and Boran (50 % HF: 50 % Boran). Heritability values for AFS and AFC were the highest and were estimated at 0.51?±?0.10 and 0.49?±?0.13, respectively, and lowest heritability was recorded for FDP (0.02?±?020) and FSP (0.10?±?0.29). The genetic correlation was highest (0.10?±?0.20) between AFS and AFC and was lowest (?0.01?±?0.66) between FCI and FSP. The breed additive for Jersey was only significant (p?<?0.01) for AFS and AFC. The crossing of HF with Boran cattle has desirably reduced 9.16?±?2.88 months in AFS; the corresponding reduction in AFS was 3.49?±?3.59 months by crossing with Jersey. The performance comparisons and genetic and crossbreeding parameters indicated that crossbreeding of Boran with HF or Jersey can improve reproductive performance.     

Genetic analysis of age at first service, return rate, litter size, and weaning-to-first service interval of gilts and sows

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of seven traits related to sow reproductive performance. Data on all Norwegian Landrace pigs (NL) born in nucleus herds and raised in nucleus or multiplying herds from 1990 to 2000 were extracted from the Norwegian national recording scheme. Reproductive traits investigated were age at first service (AFS), return rate in gilts (RRg), age at first farrowing (AFF), live-born piglets in the first litter (NBA1), interval from weaning to first service after first litter (WTS1), return rate after first litter (RR1), live-born piglets in the second litter (NBA2), and interval from weaning to first service after second litter (WTS2). After editing, the data set comprised 12,583 to 56,042 records, depending on the trait. A mixed linear and a joint linear threshold animal model were used to estimate (co)variance components. A full Bayesian approach via Gibbs sampling was adopted. The statistical model used for analysis included contemporary groups of herd-year (-season), purebred or crossbred litter, single or double insemination, mating type, parity in which the animal was born, a regression on lactation length, and an additive genetic effect. Neither the estimated heritabilities nor the genetic correlations differed much between the two approaches, but there was a tendency for higher genetic correlations using the joint linear threshold model approach. Average heritabilities were as follows: AFS = 0.31; RRg = 0.03; RR1 = 0.02; NBA1 = 0.12; NBA2 = 0.14; WTS1 = 0.08; and WTS2 = 0.03. The highest genetic correlations were estimated between NBA1 and NBA2 (r(g) = 0.95), RR1 and WTS1 (r(g) = 0.93), and between WTS1 and WTS2 (r(g) = 0.78). The estimated genetic correlation between NBA and WTS were close to zero. Selection for increased NBA will slightly increase AFS and reduce the probability of a return. Selection for decreased AFS will have a favorable effect on WTS intervals; however, selection for decreased AFS seems to have an unfavorable effect on return rate both on gilts and sows. Conversely, selection for decreased WTS intervals will reduce the probability of a return. Potential selection candidates to include in a multivariate fertility index are AFS, NBA, and WTS1. Due to the low heritability and low, but favorable, genetic correlations to NBA and WTS, RR is not recommended as a selection candidate.     

Genetic correlations between reproduction and production traits in swine

Genetic correlations between reproduction and production traits were estimated in swine. Reproduction traits investigated were age at first service (AFS), number of live-born piglets in the first litter (NBA1), interval from weaning to first service after first litter (WTS1), number of live-born piglets in the second litter (NBA2), and interval from weaning to first service after the second litter (WTS2). Females generating the data were Norwegian Landrace born in nucleus herds between 1990 and 2000, and the number of records ranged from 13,792 to 56,932. Genetic correlations were estimated among the main production traits in the breeding goal: adjusted age at 100 kg live weight (A100), percentage of lean meat content (LMC), individual feed consumption from 25 to 100 kg (FC), and bacon side quality (BSQ). Average adjusted backfat thickness (BF) was included as a production trait. The A100 and BF traits were recorded on gilts on-farm with 190,454 records, whereas LMC, BSQ, and FC were recorded on-station with the number of records ranging from 12,487 to 12,992. Analyses were carried out with a multivariate animal model using average information restricted maximum likelihood procedures by first running each reproduction trait with A100 and BF, followed by each reproduction trait with LMC, BSQ, and FC. Average heritabilities for reproduction traits were as follows: AFS (0.38), NBA1 (0.11), WTS1 (0.06), NBA2 (0.12), and WTS2 (0.03); and for production traits: A100 (0.30), BF (0.44), FC (0.22), LMC (0.58), and BSQ (0.23). The highest genetic correlation was estimated between A100 and AFS (r(g)= 0.68), also resulting in a positive genetic correlation between FC and AFS. Growth (A100) was negatively (i.e., unfavorably) genetically correlated to NBA1 and NBA2 (r(g) = 0.60 and rg = 0.42 respectively), and so the genetic correlation to FC also became unfavorable (r(g)= 0.23 and r(g) = 0.20). Single-trait selection for enhanced LMC would also affect NBA1 and NBA2 unfavorably (r(g)= -0.12 and r(g)= -0.24). Correlations between BF at 100 kg live weight and reproduction traits were close to zero; however, a low genetic correlation between BF and WTS1 was obtained (r(g)= -0.12), indicating that selection toward reduced BF at 100 kg live weight may have an unfavorable impact on WTS1.     

饲料中无机砷的测定初探

选用硫酸浸提样品中的无机砷,在10％硫酸介质中原子荧光测定无机砷。此方法回收率为96％-104％, 变异系数2．52％。结果表明,该方法准确、快速、简便。