菲律宾的锯缘青蟹养殖

就东南亚的锯缘青蟹（ＳｃｙｌａｓｅｒｒａｔａＦｏｒｓｋａｌ）养殖而言,以菲律宾的产量最高,１９９３年产量为５６５３ｔ,１９９４年为４０８５ｔ,１９９５年为２７８２ｔ。鉴于菲律宾养殖锯缘青蟹的产量名列世界前茅,本文简要介绍其养殖及研究进展。一、锯缘青蟹...     

锯缘青蟹几个形态参数关系的初步分析

本文分析了浙南地区锯缘青蟹的头胸甲长,头胸甲宽和体重三个形态参数间的关系,并提出放养头胸甲宽50～80mm以上的青蟹苗可获得较大增长率,有利于提高养成效益。     

锯缘青蟹的几种养殖方式

锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)又称青蟹,分布于温带、亚热带和热带海域。我国浙江、福建、台湾、广东及广西沿海均有分布。青蟹肉味鲜美,是优良的食用蟹,也是我国出口创汇的珍贵海产品。温州地区70年代初的年产量约100吨,主要是捕捞产量。近十多年来,由于各种原     

锯缘青蟹人工育苗试验

<正> 锯缘青蟹(Scyua seiiate),俗称青蟹,属广温、广盐性的底栖甲壳动物,是我国的珍贵水产品之一。其肉质鲜美、营养丰富,具有很高的经济价值。但由于海区捕捞过度,青蟹的资源量日趋减少,不能满足人们的需求,因此,在我国东南沿海已兴起了青蟹人工养殖热。青蟹人工育苗在国内外虽有报道,但育苗技术还没有取得根本性突破,从而阻碍了青蟹养殖的进一步发展。     

锯缘青蟹养殖技术经济探讨

本文对岛屿村四年来青蟹育肥所采取约技术要点及其经济效益进行探讨、分析。     

锯缘青蟹的人工育苗试验

本文报道在室内水缸中进行锯缘青蟹人工育苗的试验结果,通过对拖卵蟹的培育,孵出蚤状Ⅰ期幼体300万只,蚤状幼体从第Ⅰ期培育到第Ⅱ期的成活率最高的达66.7%,并从其中两个试验缸中,培育出稚蟹995只     

锯缘青蟹人工养殖技术

锯缘青蟹人工养殖技术张万隆（广西合浦县水产局５３６１００）锯缘青蟹ＳｃｙｌｌａＳｅｒｒａｔａ（Ｆｏｒｓｋａｌ），俗称青蟹，盛产于我国长江口以南沿海，自然海区最大个体２ｋｇ，是国内外著名的食用蟹。近年来，青蟹产区多数渔业衰退，青蟹市价猛增，国内市场膏蟹...     

锯缘青蟹人工繁殖技术

为了解决南方苗种少的困难及为北方增加新的养殖品种,在北方地区人工繁殖锯缘青蟹,生产苗种大量返销南方。2001年由南方购进待二次产卵膏蟹14只。在室内水泥池培育,抱卵率达42%,幼体成活率达50%。共孵化出幼体13 2万只,平均单位水体出苗(C1-C3)1100只/m3,怀卵量低与二次抱卵蟹卵质量较差有关,幼体死亡率高,主要是蜕皮不遂。     

锯缘青蟹人工育苗试验初报

<正> 锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrate),俗称青蟹,是味道鲜美、营养丰富、经济价值很高的大型海产经济蟹类,自然分布于温带至热带的沿海水域。具有广温(5～35℃),广盐(5～47‰)、生长迅速及离水后不易死亡等特点,     

锯缘青蟹苗种培育的科技进展

锯缘青蟹是我国南方沿海各省传统养殖的海水蟹类,在当前农业产业结构调整中被列为主要发展品种之一。鉴于苗种是限制青蟹养殖业发展的主要因素,本文根据目前的研究现状对青蟹的种质、性成熟机制,产卵、孵化条件,幼体培育过程中营养条件、盐度、温度、光照、疾病等,以及从大眼幼体到仔蟹的中间培育技术等作了简要归纳,并对研究现状和进入产业化急需解决的问题进行了探讨。     

锯缘青蟹促雄腺进行全浆分泌的证据

采用透射电镜技术，对锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)促雄腺细胞的分泌活动进行了观察。结果表明，腺细胞具有2种类型：A型细胞核内常染色质丰富，具有大量的扁平嵴的线粒体、粗面内质网与核糖体，A型细胞进行分泌时，细胞质大量排出，属于全浆分泌方式；B型细胞异染色质绕核内膜分布，仅见极少量的细胞器或细胞质完全消失。B型细胞为A型细胞完成分泌后的存在形式。本研究为甲壳动物促雄腺的全浆分泌活动提供了直接的证据。     

影响锯缘青蟹幼体成活的几个因素

本文对海捕和养殖的锯缘青蟹抱卵及胚胎发育情况进行了观察,并对幼体饵料营养强化、适口性、幼体的培育方式等进行了研究。结果表明：自然诲区捕获的亲蟹其抱卵率和幼体质量要好于人工养殖的亲蟹;胚胎发育的最适盐度为28～33,最适温度为26～30℃;幼体\期和大眼幼体时期摄食的饵料以边缘毛状的活体为佳,便于抱握;涵状幼体、期起应降低苗池中的直射光,投饵多餐少量．增加附着面积．可降低相互残杀率。     

Ovarian maturation stages of the mud crab Scylla serrata

Ovarian maturation in adult wild‐sourced and pond‐grown Scylla serrata (Forsskål) was determined based on gross morphology and histological appearance. There were no significant differences noted in the histological features of both wild and pond‐reared S. serrata females. Ovarian maturation was classified into five stages: immature, early maturing, late maturing, fully mature and spent. The immature ovaries are thin and translucent to off white and contain oogonia, primary oocytes with large nuclei. The follicle cells were found around the periphery of the lobes and an area among groups of oogonia and oocytes. The follicle cells gradually enclosed the oocytes. The early‐maturing ovaries were yellow and small yolk globules started to appear in larger oocytes. In late‐maturing ovaries, the colour became light orange and lobules were apparent. Yolk globules occurred in the cytoplasm with larger globular inclusions towards the periphery, while follicle cells were hardly recognizable. Fully mature ovaries were orange to deep orange and had swollen lobules. Large yolk globules were apparent in the entire cytoplasm. Follicle cells were hardly seen. Spent ovaries were similar to the early‐maturing and late‐maturing stage in partially spawned females. The ovarian development was correlated closely to the gonadosomatic index, oocyte diameter, and ovarian histology. The classification of ovarian maturation provides baseline information for further studies on reproductive biology. Likewise, the information provides a guide for broodstock management in the hatchery.     

锯缘青蟹促雄腺发育的组织学研究

采用组织切片技术，以OlympusBH-2型显微镜对锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)促雄腺的发育进行观察。结果显示，促雄腺附着于射精管近末端，发育过程可分为4期：Ⅰ期促雄腺短小，腺细胞数量少；Ⅱ期促雄腺呈明显的索状；Ⅲ期促雄腺体积达到最大，一些部位膨大增生；Ⅳ期促雄腺不再生长，腺体急剧退化。腺细胞具有2种类型：A型细胞，核圆、异染色质少、胞质染色浅；B型细胞，核扁平、异染色质多，细胞染色深、界限不清晰，有时细胞质消失。促雄腺发育过程中，A、B型细胞数量、比例发生变化。B型细胞为A型细胞完成分泌后的存在形式，B型细胞比例反映了促雄腺分泌活动的状况。锯缘青蟹促雄腺发育和精巢成熟具有一定的相关性。     

Ingestion of Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia salina nauplii by mud crab Scylla serrata larvae

Two feeding experiments were conducted to determine if Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia salina nauplii were ingested by mud crab Scylla serrata larvae. In the first experiment, larvae were fed with increasing densities of Artemia nauplii with or without Brachionus to determine consumption with increasing densities of Artemia and with increasing zoeal stage. This experiment also aimed to determine if the presence of Brachionus as an alternative prey influenced the intake of Artemia by the crab larvae. There was generally an increase in intake with increasing densities of Artemia and increased consumption of Artemia as the larvae grew. Consumption of Brachionus was consistently high in all zoeal stages. There was a significant reduction in the intake of Brachionus with increasing consumption of Artemia in the early zoeal stages (Z1, Z2, Z3), but at later stages (Z4, Z5) the intake of Artemia was no longer affected by the presence of Brachionus. In the second experiment, daily ingestion within instar of zoeal stages and megalopa were compared. There was an increased consumption of Artemia nauplii on the day before molting and increased ingestion of Brachionus on the day after larvae had molted, except at Z3. Megalopae exhibited a decline in Artemia nauplii intake on the days before metamorphosis to crablet.     

利用AFLP技术筛选锯缘青蟹性别差异DNA片段

采用高盐和酚氯仿异戊醇 (PCI)结合法提取DNA ,利用AFLP技术 ,应用 5 2个引物组合 ,检测了锯缘青蟹 (Scyllaser rata)雌雄基因组DNA的多态性 ,筛选与锯缘青蟹性别相关的分子标记。实验中共扩增出 4 312条带 ,筛选出候选差异DNA片段 74 8条。这些差异DNA片段的获得 ,为研究锯缘青蟹性别的分子标记奠定了基础     

Effect of selected feed meals and starches on diet digestibility in the mud crab,Scylla serrata

The present study examined the capacity of the mud crab, Scylla serrata to digest experimental diets that contained different animal and plant‐based feed meals or different levels or types of starch. The apparent dry matter digestibility (ADMD) coefficients for all feed meals tested in the first part of this study, except meat meal, were similar (78–88%). Crude protein digestibility (ACPD) coefficients for all feed meals were relatively high, with values ranging from 86% to 96%. Cotton seed meal, poultry meal, canola meal, fishmeal, soybean meal and lupin meal had similar gross energy digestibility (AGED) values (P>0.05) ranging from 84% to 89%. In the second part of this study, the impact of selected starches on the digestibility of fishmeal‐based formulated diets was assessed. The apparent starch digestibility (ASD) of wheat starch decreased significantly as the inclusion level was increased from 15% to 60%, however, there was no significant effect on ACPD values. At a 30% inclusion level, the ASD of diets containing different starches decreased in the order corn>wheat>potato=rice. Moreover, ACPD values were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the diets containing corn or rice starch than in those containing wheat or potato starches.     

A reovirus disease in cultured mud crab, Scylla serrata, in southern China

A reovirus, designated mud crab reovirus (MCRV), associated with large economic losses was recently isolated from marine cultured mud crab, Scylla serrata, in southern China. The complete viral particle is 70 nm in diameter, icosahedral and non-enveloped. The virus infects connective tissue cells of the hepatopancreas, gills and intestine in mud crab and develops in the cytoplasm. Hundred per cent mortality was observed in mud crab experimentally infected by intramuscular injection, bath inoculation and oral inoculation, while cohabitation infection caused 80% mortality. The viral genome consists of 13 linear dsRNA segments, with an electrophoretic pattern 1/5/7. The results of this study suggest that the virus is highly pathogenic and can be transmitted enterically as well as via the body surface of mud crab. Although the genomic organization of this virus is different from that of the other crab reoviruses, CcRV-W2 and DpPV, all three of these reoviruses have similar electrophoresis patterns. Therefore, MCRV may be a new member of the DpPV and CcRV-W2 group.     

锯缘青蟹蜕皮抑制激素cDNA的分子克隆及其表达分析

根据近缘种类同源序列设计简并引物,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT—PCR)技术,首次扩增获得锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)眼柄组织中编码蜕皮抑制激素(MIH)成熟肽全长cDNA序列及部分信号肽序列。将该序列克隆到pUCm—T载体上进行序列测定。结果表明,编码锯缘青蟹MIH成熟肽的cDNA由234个碱基组成,由此推测MIH成熟肽含78个氨基酸残基。该序列不仅与其它短尾类甲壳动物的MIH氨基酸序列具有高度的同源性(79％～9l％),还与该激素同一家族的性腺抑制激素、大颚器抑制激素的氨基酸序列具有较高的相似性。RNA斑点杂交结果显示,MIH基因在眼柄神经节及脑组织中均有表达,而在肌肉、中肠腺中不表达。