DDGS在猪日粮中的应用

干酒糟及其可溶物（DDGS）是推向饲料市场的相对较新的饲料原料,不过所谓的“新”主要指在欧洲和亚洲的应用前景。在美国,2005年大约有900万吨的DDGS被当作饲料使用,其中75％～80％用于反刍动物,大约20％用于猪日粮。     

青霉素与四环素不宜同时应用之浅见

最近，在我区的一次抗灾保畜临诊活动中，某站兽医在应用青霉素时，试图增强抗菌疗效，用四环素注射液作溶媒。猪注射后，反而出现病情加重现象。这种将青霉素与四环素同时应用的方法，是否能增强抗菌效力呢?     

Solid state fermented potato pulp can be used as poultry feed

1.?Potato pulp is the industrial waste produced during starch extraction from potatoes. Its discharge has become an environmental pollution problem and a decisive cost factor due to stricter environmental legislation and associated expense in the potato starch industry.

2.?To date, little information has been provided regarding the nutritive value and any possible toxic effects of potato pulp for poultry feed.

3.?In the present paper, a model was developed to assess potato pulp for use as a new poultry feed, which will help starch factories to decrease waste discharge.

4.?First, a solid-state fermentation technique to change potato pulp to poultry feed is briefly described; then, the major nutrient compositions of this feed are analysed; lastly, related toxicological effects are studied and the safety of the feed assessed.

5.?The results indicated that no unintended effects were found on layer quails during a 30-d feeding study, and the new feed initially showed its safety for poultry in our assessment procedure. However, additional work on limiting nutrients analysis, appetite depressant effects, and egg-laying in a large-scale experiment is required to further establish the findings.     

Serum cystatin C concentration can be used to evaluate glomerular filtration rate in small dogs

Serum cystatin C levels (CysC) are used in human medicine to document progressive kidney failure. Although CysC are not thought to be useful for the diagnosis of kidney dysfunction in dogs, there has been no specific consideration of body weight as a confounding issue. The aim of this study was to assess that the utility of CysC for the diagnosis of decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in smaller vs. larger dogs. In clinically healthy dogs, serum creatinine (Cre) and CysC correlate directly with body weight; we found that dogs weighing <20 kg had significantly lower CysC than those weighing ≥20 kg (0.27 ± 0.07 vs. 0.34 ± 0.05 mg/l, respectively, P<0.001). In dogs weighing <20 kg, CysC had superior diagnostic accuracy for the detection of mildly decreased plasma iohexol clearance (PCio) (<1.8 ml/min/kg) compared with Cre (sensitivity 100% vs. 80.9% and specificity 100% vs. 85.7%); this was not true for dogs weighing ≥20 kg. Additionally, using a cut-off PCio of <1.8 ml/min/kg, the area under receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) of CysC was significantly higher than that of Cre in dogs weighing <20 kg (P<0.05); this was not true for dogs weighing ≥20 kg (P=0.695). In conclusion, CysC is a useful marker for the detection of a mild decreasing GFR compared with Cre in dogs weighing <20 kg.     

Confirmation that PCR can be used to identify NAD-dependent and NAD-independent Haemophilus paragallinarum isolates.

Seventy five bacteria tentatively identified as Haemophilus paragallinarum (the causative agent of infectious coryza), eight identified as Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and 13 identified as NAD-independent Pasteurella species were isolated from chickens with respiratory infection in various provinces in South Africa. The isolates were characterized by conventional biochemical and serological methods. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay specific for H. paragallinarum was used to identify the cultures directly from colonies. The PCR assay gave positive results for all isolates that were identified by conventional methods as H. paragallinarum, irrespective of whether they were nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent (43 isolates) or NAD-independent (32 isolates). The eight isolates that were identified by conventional methods as O. rhinotracheale and the 13 isolates identified as various Pasteurella species gave negative results in the PCR assay. This study has demonstrated that colony PCR is a rapid method for uniquely identifying both NAD-dependent and NAD-independent strains of H. paragallinarum and distinguishing them from other bacteria, such as O. rhinotracheale and Pasteurella species.     

CT attenuation values and mineral distribution can be used to differentiate dogs with and without gallbladder mucoceles

Gallbladder mucoceles are potentially fatal in dogs. Multiphase CT angiography was performed to evaluate the canine gallbladder in three conditions: no sludge, sludge occupying ≥25% of the lumen, and mucoceles. Twenty dogs with normal hepatobiliary bloodwork and no‐to‐minimal gallbladder sludge, 13 dogs with normal bloodwork and ≥25% sludge in the gallbladder lumen, and 18 dogs with histologically confirmed gallbladder mucoceles were enrolled in a prospective, observational diagnostic accuracy study. Three regions of interest (ROI) were stratified in the dorsal‐ventral orientation and a single ROI was measured within the hepatic parenchyma. Mean attenuation and presence of mineral were recorded. Average Hounsfield units (HU) were recorded for precontrast, arterial, portovenous, and late venous phases. The overall median HU value for mucoceles was significantly higher than gallbladders without sludge and with sludge; precontrast median overall attenuation was 49.3, 35.8, and 39.7 HU, respectively (P < .000004). Mineral was seen in four (20%) dogs with no sludge, seven (56%) dogs with sludge, and nine (50%) dogs with mucoceles. Mineral in the dogs with mucoceles was located within the central aspect of the gallbladder lumen in 67% of mucoceles; this mineral distribution was not seen in any dog without a mucocele. Computed tomography can differentiate a subset of gallbladder mucoceles from dogs with and without gallbladder sludge, especially in the precontrast series. An HU value of 48.6 is 52% sensitive and 96% specific for a gallbladder mucocele. A hyperattenuating gallbladder on precontrast CT images and centrally distributed mineral can be a gallbladder mucocele.     

哺乳母猪饲料中可以添加干酒糟及其可溶物

鉴于大量有关干酒糟及其可溶物（DOGS）使用结果的数据均来自生长猪和肥育猪,母猪创新解决方案研究基地的L．Greiner、密苏里哥伦比亚大学的X．Wang和G．LAllee以及专业猪管理公司的J．Connor为此进行了一项试验,以评估这种做法的科学性。     

增加哺乳母猪日粮中L—赖氨酸的添加量

在低水平豆粕型母猪哺乳期饲料中添加合成赖氨酸以平衡日粮的营养水平,不会对母猪当前和以后的生产性能产生负面影响,虽然合成氨基酸的成本增加了,但整体生产成本能够下降。     

如何让猪用益生素发挥作用

<正>畜禽饲料中抗生素的禁用,已重新引起了人们对使用活菌培养物或直接饲喂微生物(也所谓的益生菌)作为抗生素替代品的兴趣。     

DDGS在猪整个生产阶段的应用

玉米干酒糟及其可溶物（Dried distillers grains with solubles DDGS）是酒精加工业的副产品。2008年,可供家畜饲料使用的DDGS数量已超过1800万吨。这一数量是由美国近二十年建造的约165个干磨式酒精加工厂产生的。     

Early resynchronization protocols for goats: Progestogens can be used prior to an early pregnancy diagnosis without affecting corpus luteum functionality

This study aimed to evaluate the exogenous progesterone (P4) effect on the luteal function from Day 16 to Day 21 of the oestrous cycle in inseminated goats with unknown pregnancy status. A total of 54 does passed through a short progestin-based synchronization protocol and, on Day 16 of the following oestrous cycle, 27 does received a new P4 device which was retained until Day 21. Blood samples were collected daily from all does during this period, as well as on Day 24. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed on Day 30. Serum P4 values from 26 animals (G_NPSP: Group of non-pregnant does with second sponge: n = 8; G_NPNSP: Group of non-pregnant does without second sponge: n = 6; G_PSP: Group of pregnant does with second sponge: n = 5; G_PNSP: Group of pregnant does without second sponge: n = 7) were determined by radioimmunoassay commercial kits. No P4 differences were found between groups (G_NPSP: 3.1 ± 2.8; 1.7 ± 1.8; 0.4 ± 1.0; and 0.0 ± 0.0 vs. G_NPNSP: 4.4 ± 1.8; 3.0 ± 2.2; 0.8 ± 0.8; and 0.0 ± 0.0 or G_PSP: 4.2 ± 1.0; 3.4 ± 0.6; 3.3 ± 1.6; 3.2 ± 0.9; 3.6 ± 1.2; 3.5 ± 1.3; 2.7 ± 1.3 vs. G_PNSP: 4.4 ± 1.6; 3.6 ± 1.5; 3.7 ± 1.5; 3.8 ± 1.4; 3.2 ± 1.2; 3.1 ± 1.2; 3.6 ± 1.1; D16, D17, D18, D19, D20, D21, D24, respectively) or for the interaction of group and time. In conclusion, a second progestogen device had no effect on luteolysis or early pregnancy in the following oestrous cycle.     

Blending of a conventional Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine with a positive marker: tracking of immunised pigs by peptide-specific antibodies raised to the marker component

Highly immunodominant marker antigens simply blended to existing veterinary vaccines may represent a smart approach for addressing the still open issue of vaccination compliance. This approach was evaluated by blending a widely deployed Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine with a peptide-KLH (Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin) conjugate as marker. Piglets were vaccinated twice with: (i) a combination of the M. hyopneumoniae-specific vaccine and the marker, (ii) M. hyopneumoniae-specific vaccine, (iii) marker alone or (iv) placebo dose only. All piglets which received the M. hyopneumoniae-specific vaccine/marker formulation or, as control, the marker blended with Montanide IMS1313 adjuvant responded to the respective immunisation from day 21 to 77 post vaccination as seropositive for the appropriate peptide and KLH. However, the responder rate to M. hyopneumoniae of piglets administered with M. hyopneumoniae-specific vaccine/marker was slightly reduced at day 35 and 49 post immunisation in comparison with piglets vaccinated with M. hyopneumoniae-specific vaccine alone. Accordingly, we conclude that this marker technology could be successfully applied to label a whole set of vaccines prevented that the blending process will be optimised.     

犬是资源,亟待开发利用

有报道说,我国的养犬量不少于1亿头。假若这个数量成立的话,对犬业发展是件好事。但是,我们这些从业者还必须想想：庞大的养犬数量,对社会做出了怎样的贡献？这种思考,不仅是必要的,而且关平到养犬业的健康发展。     

Danger to pigs due to crushing can be reduced by the use of a simulated udder.

Sows that lie on their young, pig "crushing", is a significant cause of pig mortality in current production systems. Although mortality rates of pigs in farrowing crates are lower than mortality rates of pigs in pens, loss due to crushing is still estimated to be between 4.8 and 18%. During the first few days after parturition, pigs are highly attracted to the odor of their dam's udder. Thus, our research was designed to move the pigs away from the sow by competing with the sow's udder using a "simulated" udder. Fifteen Yorkshire x Landrace sows and their litters (11.4+/-.78 pigs) were assigned to either a control (C, n = 9) or an experimental group (SU, n = 6). The C pigs had access to a heat lamp, whereas the SU pigs' crate had a simulated udder. Data were collected using time-lapse photography (1 frame/.4 s) for a 3-d duration at the initiation of farrowing. When a sow stood, data were recorded by 1-min scan samples to record the number of pigs using either the heat lamp or the simulated udder. In addition, stillborn pigs, pig crushing, and death by other means also were recorded. Data were analyzed by 12-h periods using generalized estimating equations. Results indicate that from 12 to 72 h postpartum, excluding 24 to 36 h postpartum, the estimated probability that pigs were in a safe area (simulated udder or heat lamp) was .89 for SU pigs, compared with only .72 for C pigs (P = .005). During the 24- to 36-h period, it was more probable to find pigs on a simulated udder (.77) than under only a heat lamp (.61, P = .016). Stillborn pigs, pig crushing, and death by other means were not different between treatments (mean = .87, .60, 1.2; P>.20). The simulated udder drew pigs away from the sow's udder better than heat lamps alone. Considering these findings, mortality of pigs due to crushing may be decreased substantially using a simulated udder. These results are promising, but further refinement should be done, including improved udder design and investigation of the attractiveness of various stimuli.