The effect of a single intravenous fluid bolus on packed cell volume and plasma total solids concentration in Red-collared Lorikeets (Trichoglossus haematodus rubritorquis)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a single intravenous (IV) fluid bolus on the hydration of an avian patient, using packed cell volume (PCV) and plasma total solids (TS) to estimate hydration. PROCEDURE: Ten birds were allocated randomly to one of three groups, and administered 30 mL/kg or 50 mL/kg intravenous fluid, or were part of a control group and did not receive IV fluid. Blood was collected before the IV fluid bolus was administered, and at 1 minute, 3 hours and 6 hours after administration of the fluid. Samples were used to determine PCV and TS and results were compared between groups and between the different time points. RESULTS: Administration of 30 mL/kg or 50 mL/kg compound sodium lactate solution caused a statistically significant decrease in PCV. Within 3 hours, the PCV was not significantly different to the initial value or to the PCV of control birds. Administration of 30 mL/kg compound sodium lactate solution did not result in a significant decrease in TS. However, administration of 50 mL/kg produced a significant decrease in TS, which was still significantly less than controls 6 hours after the fluid was administered. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that an intravenous bolus of fluid may be safely administered to an anaemic bird, since PCV is significantly decreased for less than 3 hours. Up to 50 mL/kg of fluid may be administered as an intravenous bolus to a bird, to produce significant haemodilution that persists for up to 6 hours.     

The effect of water intake prior to blood sampling on packed cell volume in sheep

The effect of water intake prior to blood sampling on subsequent packed cell volume (PCV) was investigated in ewe lambs (8 months of age) of the Dohne Merino, Merino and Letelle flocks at Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute. On the afternoon of the day before the experiment was conducted, a blood sample for a baseline PCV value (R) was taken from each animal. The following day, 15 ewes of each breed (n = 45) were dosed with 1 litre of water and another 15 of each (n = 45) were used as a control. Blood samples for PCV were taken concurrently for both the control and water treatment groups before the dose (0), and at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after dosing. PCV were subsequently determined with the microcapillary centrifuge technique. Baseline PCV of Letelle ewes was higher (32.4 +/- 0.6) than that of the Dohne Merino (29.7 +/- 0.6) and Merino (28.7 +/- 0.6) ewes. Furthermore, recovery rate at 30 minutes after treatment also differed among breeds. Although there were significant differences between the control and water treatment groups at R and 0 minutes, which were probably due to inherent animal differences, there were no significant differences between PCV of the 2 groups during the remainder of the experimental period. Overall it can be concluded that water intake before blood sampling for the determination of PCV has no significant effect on haematocrit. Differences among breeds were more pronounced than those between treatment groups.     

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulant affects the refractometric measurement of total protein concentration in equine synovial fluid

The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) concentration on the refractometric measurement of the total protein (TP) concentration of equine synovial fluid and (ii) assess the effect of time and temperature on the refractometric measurement of TP concentration. Synovial fluid was retrieved aseptically from horses presenting to Liphook Equine Hospital either (a) immediately after euthanasia or (b) from those requiring arthrocentesis as part of their clinical investigation. Samples were aliquoted into commercially available (i) plain tubes (0.5 mL; control) and (ii) EDTA tubes (at different volumes to obtain serial dilutions of EDTA:synovial fluid). TP concentration was measured by two independent observers using a calibrated hand-held refractometer. Samples from a separate group of horses were stored for 24 h at 4°C and 20°C before analysis to assess the effects of time and temperature. Results were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. TP concentration was significantly higher at all EDTA concentrations compared to control samples, with the greatest effect seen with higher concentrations (P<0.0001 for samples with ≥3.17 mg EDTA/mL). Storage time or temperature did not significantly affect TP concentration. Refractometric measurement of small volumes of synovial fluid in commercially available EDTA tubes leads to artificially elevated TP concentrations. Delays in sample analysis and alterations in storage conditions did not significantly affect TP concentration within the parameters studied. The magnitude of overestimation of synovial total protein concentration could result in misclassification of suspect synovial sepsis cases where EDTA tubes are used.     

Accuracy and precision of a point-of-care hemoglobinometer for measuring hemoglobin concentration and estimating packed cell volume in horses

OBJECTIVE: To determine accuracy and precision of a point-of-care hemoglobinometer for measuring hemoglobin concentration and estimating PCV in horses. DESIGN: Prospective trial. ANIMALS: 55 horses. PROCEDURE: Blood samples were obtained from 43 horses examined at a veterinary teaching hospital. Hemoglobin concentration was measured with the hemoglobinometer and by means of the standard cyanmethemoglobin method; PCV was measured by centrifugation. Blood samples were also obtained from 12 healthy horses, and PCV of aliquots of these samples was altered to approximately 5 to 80% by removing or adding plasma. Hemoglobin concentration and PCV were then measured. RESULTS: For samples from the clinic patients, hemoglobin concentrations obtained with the hemoglobinometer were less than concentrations obtained with the cyanmethemoglobin method; however, there was a linear relationship between concentrations obtained with the 2 methods. Breed, sex, body weight, and duration of sample storage did not significantly affect the difference between hemoglobin concentrations obtained with the 2 methods. There was a significant linear relationship between PCV and hemoglobinometer hemoglobin concentration (PCV = [2.83 x hemoglobin concentration] - 0.62). For samples from the healthy horses, a substantial negative bias was evident with the hemoglobinometer when hemoglobin concentration exceeded 16 g/dL. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that this hemoglobinometer is reasonably accurate and precise when used to measure hemoglobin concentration in blood samples from horses with a hemoglobin concentration < 16 g/dL.     

早期限饲对肉鸡血浆NO水平、红细胞比容和心脏指数的影响

试验测定了常温和低温下限饲肉鸡和非限饲肉鸡体内一氧化氮(NO)含量、红细胞比容(PCV)和心脏指数的变化,以探讨早期限饲降低肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征(PHS)发病率的机理。试验结果显示低温下肉鸡的PCV值、心脏指数和PHS的发病率显著升高,NO水平在低温早期显著降低,然而随着低温时间的延长,低温处理组肉鸡的血浆NO水平反而代偿性升高。早期限饲显著降低了肉鸡生长早期的红细胞压积值,并显著降低了42日龄心脏指数和PHS的发病率。限饲鸡在限饲期间血浆NO水平显著降低,但其他阶段与非限饲鸡差异不显著。这提示早期限饲能够缓解肉鸡肺动脉高压和右心肥大的产生,其机理可能与NO和PCV改变所致的血流动力学变化有关。     

部分金属离子及EDTA对瘦肉型猪(PIC344)精液酸性磷酸酶活性与荧光光谱的影响

研究了K+、Mg2+、Ni2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Cd2+、Ca2+、Cu2+9种金属离子及EDTA对瘦肉型猪(PIC344)精液酸性磷酸酶(ACPase)活力的影响,发现K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Ni2+、Mn2+对ACPase有不同程度的激活作用。Cu2+、Cd2+、Fe2+、Zn2+对ACPase有不同程度的抑制作用。同一浓度范围内的金属离子对ACPase的激活作用强弱依次为Mg2+>Ni2+>Mn2+>K+>Ca2+,对ACPase的抑制作用强弱依次为Cu2+>Cd2+>Fe2+>Zn2+。利用双倒数作图法研究了Cu2+、Cd2+对酶的作用,结果表明这2种抑制剂对酶的抑制作用为非竞争性抑制,用Dixon作图法求得其抑制常数Ki值分别为0.58×103mol/L、9.44×103mol/L。研究了Mg2+、Ca2+、Cd2+、Cu2+对酶荧光光谱的影响,结果表明:Mg2+、Ca2+、Cd2+、Cu2+引起酶荧光发射光谱强度降低,最大发射波长不变,说明这些金属离子对酶的构象有不同程度的影响。     

两种共轭亚油酸异构体对动物营养差异效应的研究进展

<正>共轭亚油酸(Conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)是一类含有共轭双键的十八碳二烯酸(亚油酸)异构体混合物的统称,其中顺-9,反-10共轭亚油酸(c9,t10-CLA)和反-10,顺-12共轭亚油酸(c12,t10-CLA)为主要活