10%吡喹酮缓释注射液对山羊人工感染脑多头蚴的早期治疗效果观察

为了观察10%吡喹酮缓释注射液对山羊人工感染脑多头蚴的早期治疗效果,试验采用20只经口服感染多头带绦虫卵的山羊,感染后随机分成2组进行治疗。第1组在感染后第45天,用10%吡喹酮缓释注射液按体重70 mg/kg,每天注射1次,连用2 d;第2组为对照组。人工感染后第80天剖杀所有试验羊,观察记录每只羊脑内脑多头蚴的寄生情况。结果表明:第2组在感染后10~20 d死亡4只山羊,剖解可见其大脑内充血和出血;感染后第45天死亡1只,经解剖在其左脑采到1个脑多头蚴;其余5只在感染后第80天剖杀,均在脑部查到脑多头蚴包囊。第1组试验羊10只,在感染后第80天解剖,在脑部均未查到脑多头蚴包囊。说明10%吡喹酮缓释注射液对感染脑多头蚴的山羊具有理想的早期治疗效果。     

两种药物对高原型牦牛多头蚴病的治疗效果观察

[目的]观察吡喹酮片剂、阿苯达唑干混悬剂对高原型牦牛多头蚴病的治疗效果,确定最佳剂量和用药次数。[方法]应用吡喹酮片剂按35、70 mg/kg剂量口服、阿苯达唑干混悬剂按25、50 mg/kg剂量口服治疗牦牛多头蚴病。[结果]吡喹酮片剂两个剂量的治愈率分别为72.73%和91.67%;阿苯达唑干混悬剂两个剂量的治愈率分别为81.82%和83.33%。从吡喹酮片剂35 mg/kg的剂量组死亡的2头牛检出多头蚴8个,平均感染强度2.67个;从阿苯达唑干混悬剂25 mg/kg的剂量组死亡的1头牛检出脑多头蚴2.0个,平均感染强度2个。从阳性对照组死亡的10头牛检出脑多头蚴37个,平均感染强度3.7个。[结论]吡喹酮片剂70mg/kg剂量间隔5 d三次给药达高效,适于推广应用。     

复方吡喹酮注射液防治羊脑多头蚴病的试验研究

为了获得复方吡喹酮注射液治疗羊脑多头蚴病的最佳治疗剂量,本试验应用复方吡喹酮注射液30、50、80 mg/kg BW三个剂量组对患羊脑多头蚴病的绵羊进行治疗,设80 mg/kg BW剂量的丙硫咪唑作为药物对照组.试验结果表明,30 mg/kg BW剂量组治愈率较低,为68.97%,不能达到治疗目的;50和80 mg/kg BW剂量对羊脑多头蚴均有很强的驱杀作用,对病羊的治愈率分别为91.84%和92.85%,但两组间差异不显著(P＞0.05);高、中剂量组(80、50 mg/kg BW)与低剂量组、药物对照组比较差异极显著(P＜0.01).50 mg/kg BW剂量为防治羊脑多头蚴病的最佳治疗剂量.     

应用穿刺注药治疗绵羊脑多头蚴病的效果观察

绵羊患脑多头蚴病,死亡率很高,药物治疗不甚理想。为了探索一种对此病有效的治疗方法,我们进行了用穿刺注药治疗绵羊脑多头蚴病的试验,试验中先后治疗绵羊多头蚴病75例,治愈66例,治愈率达88％,收到了较好的效果,现报告如下:     

应用吡喹酮药物进行绵羊多头蚴病的治疗实验

脑多头蚴病是寄生于犬小肠内的多头带绦虫的幼虫一脑多头蚴所引起的疾病，主要危害羔羊和2岁以内的年轻羊。是一种致死性寄生虫病。该病在湟中县山区多发，发病率为5％～15％，多呈地方性流行，严重影响养羊业的发展。采用广谱高效低毒驱蠕虫药物一吡喹酮，对绵羊脑多头蚴亦有较好的疗效，同时该实验也测定出最佳治疗量。     

浅谈羊的脑多头蚴病

脑多头蚴病的病原体是多头绦虫的幼虫(脑多头蚴)引起的，广大养畜户习惯称之为脑包虫病。脑多头蚴的成虫在终末宿主犬等肉食兽的小肠寄生，幼虫寄生在绵羊、山羊等有蹄兽的脑内，有时在羊脊髓和延脑中可发现，有报道人也能感染本病。它是严重危害绵羊和犊牛的寄生虫病，对养羊户造成一定的经济损失。     

绵羊脑包虫病与多头蚴病

脑多头蚴病是绵羊所有寄生虫病中致死率最高的一种疾病.绵羊只要感染一个虫体,若治疗措施不得当,就必然会造成死亡.在我省高寒牧区,绵羊脑多头蚴病是危害畜牧业发展的一种重要的寄生虫病.根据不完全统计,每年有3％～5％羊只感染脑多头蚴病,每年因脑多头蚴病死亡多达2％,仅此一项就给造成牧民很大的损失,为了加强对羊脑多头蚴病的防治,我站与兰州兽研所申请进行了科研项目——脑多头蚴细胞系的培育及其在免疫预防中的应用,多年来进行了大量的实际工作,并取得了大的进展.     

吡喹酮治疗肉绵羊脑包虫病的体会

羊脑包虫病称脑多头蚴病,是由带科多头属的多头绦虫的中绦期幼虫脑多头蚴,寄生于绵羊、山羊脑部和脊髓所引起的一种绦虫蚴病。该病主要危害2岁以下的幼龄绵羊,人偶尔也可感染。随着肉羊业的发展,我国从国外引进许多肉绵羊品种,这些肉绵羊品种对脑包虫病更加易感。如果不能及时对该病进行有效预防和治疗,会造成羊只大批的死亡,给养羊业带来巨大经济损失。笔者多年来利用非手术法,即口服吡喹酮治疗肉绵羊脑包虫病,取得了很好的效果。     

多头绦虫抗原特性的研究：应用IHA观察绵羊免疫及感染后的抗体？…

为了观察绵羊用多头蚴抗原免疫及感染后的抗体消长规律，为羊脑多头蚴病的免疫预防和免疫诊断提供依据，本试验应用多头蚴原头节可溶性抗原，囊壁可溶性抗原，囊液粗抗原致敏绵羊红细胞对绵羊免疫３次及虫卵攻击感染后的血清抗体进行间接血凝试验检测。结果表明，原头节抗原免疫组，囊壁抗原免疫组，囊液抗原免疫组及原头节ＥＳ抗原免疫组在首次免疫后１周，抗体滴度迅速升高，第３次免疫后１周达到峰值，虫卵感染后开始下降，到感染     

绵羊脑包虫病的诊断与防治

绵羊脑包虫病又称绵羊多头蚴病,是由脑多头蚴寄生于绵羊的脑或脊髓内而引起的一种寄生虫病。本病可感染于牛,偶尔感染,是一种人畜共患的寄生虫病。它严重危害着养羊业的健康发展。为保障人畜健康,减少经济损失,促进养殖业的发展,笔者对绵羊脑包虫的诊断与防治进行探讨。     

羊场暴发脑包虫病的诊治与防控

绵羊脑包虫病是由多头带绦虫（Taenia multiceps）的中绦期幼虫——脑多头蚴（Coenurus cerebralis）引起的一种严重危害羔羊的寄生虫病。脑多头蚴主要寄生于牛羊等反刍动物的脑和脊髓中,病畜出现一系列神经症状,最终导致死亡。介绍绵羊脑包虫病的病例情况、临床症状、病理剖解变化、诊断、手术治疗,分析发病原因,提出了针对脑包虫病的综合防控措施。     

A survey of Taenia multiceps coenurosis in Sardinian sheep

A survey was carried out to assess the occurrence of Coenurus cerebralis infection in Sardinian sheep. A prevalence of 0.35% was observed when 566 regularly slaughtered sheep were examined. However, in 120 sheep with suspected symptoms of coenurosis examined from November 2001 to October 2002, a total of 299 cerebral coenurosis lesions were observed with an incidence of 1% per year. Lesions were classified as migratory, cystic and secondary. Most migratory lesions were found in sheep aged 3-6 months. Cavitary lesions containing cysts in different developing stages were found with high incidence per year in sheep aged 7-12 months. Secondary lesions due to the development of Coenurus were most frequent in sheep aged 19-36 months. Most sheep were found infected in spring and in early summer, between March and June. Most lesions were located in the cortex. The mean number of protoscolices per cyst was 149 (range 10-370).     

多头绦虫抗原特性的研究──应用IHA观察绵羊免疫及感染后的抗体消长规律

为了观察绵羊用多头蚴抗原免疫及感染后的抗体消长规律,为羊脑多头蚴病的免疫预防和免疫诊断提供依据,本试验应用多头蚴原头节可溶性抗原、囊壁可溶性抗原、囊液粗抗原致敏绵羊红细胞对绵羊免疫3次及虫卵攻击感染后的血清抗体进行间接血凝试验（IHA）检测。结果表明,原头节抗原免疫组、囊壁抗原免疫组、囊液抗原免疫组及原头节ES抗原免疫组在首次免疫后1周,抗体滴度迅速升高,第3次免疫后1周达到峰值,虫卵感染后开始下降,到感染后30周接近正常水平。多头蚴3种抗原对同种抗原免疫组血清检测敏感性、特异性优于其它抗原,原头节免疫组、囊壁免疫组、囊液免疫组抗体水平明显高于原头节ES抗原免疫组。     

Two rare clinical manifestations of coenurosis in sheep

Two rare clinical manifestations of coenurosis in sheep are reported. (i) A case of partial seizure disorder in a ram of 11 months old. During seizure episodes the animal lay down in lateral recumbency displaying initially a stuporous condition and subsequently began to revolve its head from the base of the cervix. At the necropsy of the case, Coenurus cerebralis cyst (young bladder worm) was found dorsally inside the brainstem, in the site of the tectum mesencephaly. (ii) The second-reported manifestation was a bacterial meningoengephalitis that was witnessed in two lambs of 6-7 weeks old. The lambs displayed lateral recumbency with seizure activity. At necropsy, meningoencephalitis with congestion and abscesses were observed in both of them. Interestingly, C. cerebralis cysts were also found in both brains. Streptococcus dysgalactiae was isolated from the abscesses. Possibly, S. dysgalactiae translocation of the blood-brain barrier was facilitated by the migration of the immature stages of C. cerebralis to and through the brain.     

脑多头蚴病研究进展

脑多头蚴病是由多头带绦虫的中绦期幼虫脑多头蚴寄生于绵羊、山羊、黄牛、牦牛等有蹄动物的脑及脊髓中引起的一种人兽共患寄生虫病,人可因误食虫卵而感染此病。该病在宿主出现典型临床症状后如果得不到治疗,多以死亡为转归,给畜牧业生产造成了巨大的经济损失。论文就脑多头蚴病的病原学、生活史、流行病学、临床症状、诊断、治疗及免疫预防等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

多头带绦虫Tm16与Tm18抗原基因的克隆及原核表达

为原核表达Tml6和Tm18重组蛋白,本研究以自然感染羊源脑多头坳原头节基因组DNA为模板分别扩增Tml6和Tm 18杭原基因全基因片段,测序鉴定后合成其开放阅读框架DNA片段,将基因组序列中的内含子去除并对其稀有密码子进行改造优化,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-Tm 16和pGEX-Tml8.转化大肠杆菌BL21后以IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析表达产物并进行纯化.结果显示:在大肠杆菌中表达出带有GST标签的大小约为39.6 ku和39.4 ku的重组蛋白,经谷胱甘肤琼脂糖树脂纯化得到高纯度的可溶性的GST-Tm 16及GST-Tml8重组蛋白,western blot分析表明重组蛋白均能够被兔抗GST单克隆杭体特异性识别.     

Diagnosis and treatment of coenurosis in sheep

Coenurosis is a disease of the central nervous system in sheep, caused by Coenurus cerebralis, the larval stage of Taenia multiceps, a tapeworm, which infests the small intestine of carnivores. In 80-90% of cases, the cyst is located in one cerebral hemisphere, whilst in 5-10% of cases, it is localised in the cerebellum; rarely it involves two sites in the brain of the affected animal. Listeriosis, louping-ill, sarcocystosis and polioencephalomalacia and brain abscessation should be considered when formulating a diagnosis of acute coenurosis. In all cases, it is essential to carefully examine the animal and not simply rely on results of ancillary tests (mainly of cerebrospinal fluid examination), as disorders other than coenurosis can be responsible for changes in the results of these tests. Treatment is based on surgical removal of the coenurus cyst after general anaesthesia of the animal; the approach has a very good success rate, especially after accurate localisation of the lesion. Despite that, many farmers may choose to slaughter those sheep fit for marketing for economic reasons and euthanise those in poor condition.     

山羊脑多头蚴线粒体nad1基因的克隆及序列分析

本研究旨在阐明脑多头蚴湖南分离株线粒体烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)脱氢酶亚单位1基因(nad1)部分序列(pnad1)的遗传变异情况,并用pnad1序列重构脑多头蚴与其他带科绦虫的种群遗传关系。利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增脑多头蚴的pnad1,应用ClustalX 1.81程序对序列进行比对,再用Phylip3.67程序MP法和Mage4.0程序NJ法绘制种系发育树,并用Puzzle5.2程序构建最大似然树,同时利用DNAStar 5.0中的Megalign程序进行同源性分析。结果显示,所获得的pnad1序列长度分别均为430 bp,湖南分离株与已知多头带绦虫位于同一分枝。由于脑多头蚴pnad1序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,故均可作为种间遗传变异研究的标记,从而为脑多头蚴的分子流行病学和其相关疾病的诊断奠定基础。     

Prevalence and molecular characterization of bovine coenurosis from Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Coenurus cerebralis, the metacestode of Taenia multiceps in cattle from Erzurum province located in eastern region of Turkey between November 2009 and April 2010. Five of 1045 brains of cattle (0.47%) were found to be infected with Coenurus cysts. The characteristics and morphology of C. cerebralis were seen in all the cysts. The cyts from three infected cattle were genetically analyzed and confirmed to be T. multiceps metacestodes by NAD1 and COX1 mitochondrial gene sequence analysis. Pairwise comparison between the NAD1 sequences of the T. multiceps isolates from Erzurum and other T. multiceps isolates available in GenBank showed differences ranging from 0.6 to 2.9%, while COX1 sequences showed differences ranging from 0.2 to 2.6%. Considering the two genes, it was seen that all of the three isolates from Erzurum province were in the same group according to phylogenetic analyses. The present findings could provide a stimulus for future studies on the systematic relationships and epidemiology of lesser-known taeniid cestodes in the region, employing mitochondrial sequence data sets.     

湖南省山羊脑多头蚴的线粒体nad1和nad4基因的序列测定及种系发育分析

本研究旨在阐明脑多头蚴湖南分离株线粒体烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸( NADH)脱氢酶亚单位1基因(nad1)部分序列(pnad1)和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)脱氢酶亚单位4基因(nad4)部分序列(pnad4)的遗传变异情况,并用pnad1和pnad4序列重构脑多头蚴与其它带科绦虫的种群遗传关系.利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增脑多头蚴的pnad1和pnad4,应用ClustalX 1.81程序对序列进行比对,再用Phylip3.67程序MP法和Mage4.0程序NJ法绘制种系发育树,并用Puzzle5.2程序构建最大似然树,同时利用DNAstar5.0中的Megalign程序进行同源性分析.结果显示所获得的pnad1和pnad4序列长度分别均为666和887 bp,湖南分离株与已知多头带绦虫位于同一分枝.由于脑多头蚴pnad1和pnad4序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,故均可作为种间遗传变异研究的标记,从而为脑多头蚴的分子流行病学和其相关疾病的诊断奠定基础.