低磷日粮在46-60周龄蛋鸡中的应用研究

目的:研究低水平磷及与植酸酶的配伍对产蛋期蛋鸡生产性能等的影响。方法:选用46～60周龄健康海兰褐壳蛋鸡864只,随机分为6组,即A、B、C、D、E、F组,每组2个重复,每重复72只鸡。A为对照组,日粮含0.20%有效磷(AP)和0.09‰植酸酶,B、C、D、E、F组AP分别为0.16%、0.12%、0.20%、0.16%和0.12%,其中B、C组添加0.09‰植酸酶,试验期14周。结果:与A组相比,在9～10周和13～14周F组产蛋率分别降低6.06%(P<0.05)和7.14%(P<0.05),差异显著。13～14周时,F组蛋重降低0.87%(P<0.05),差异显著。试验全期,F组出现5只瘫鸡和8只死亡鸡。结论:当日粮有效磷降至0.12%且未添加植酸酶时,对蛋鸡产蛋率、蛋重和健康产生严重影响。     

低磷日粮对蛋鸡产蛋性能和血清钙磷的影响

选择1296只49周龄健康褐壳蛋鸡,随机分为6个处理组:A、B、C、D、E和F,每处理2个重复,每重复108只鸡。A为对照组,日粮含0.2%有效磷(AP)和0.9‰植酸酶;B、C、D、E和F组日粮分别含AP0.16%、0.12%、0.2%、0.16%和0.12%,其中B组和C组添加0.9‰植酸酶;4周末测定血清钙和磷含量。试验期28d。结果表明:试验14～28d,F组产蛋率最低。试验全期0～28d,F组产蛋率分别较A、B、C、D和E组降低4.4%、3.31%、8.34%(P0.01)、5.55%和4.75%,均差异显著;B、C、D、E和F组蛋质量分别较A组降低0.84%(P0.05)、0.64%(P0.05)、1.29%(P0.05)、0.62%(P0.05)和1.87%(P0.05)。试验各期,各处理组蛋鸡平均采食量、平均料蛋比和血清钙水平均无显著差异。A组血清磷水平含量最高,C、E和F组蛋鸡血清磷水平较A组分别降低23.76%(P0.05)、34.16%(P0.01)和29.21%(P0.01)。表明低磷日粮对蛋鸡产蛋率和蛋质量有不同程度的影响,血清磷水平能更灵敏的反应缺乏蛋鸡磷。     

芽孢杆菌和复合乳酸杆菌制剂在蛋鸡日粮中的应用

选择33周龄海兰褐蛋鸡1134只,随机分为3个处理:对照组饲喂基础日粮、试验组分别在基础日粮中添加300mg/kg芽孢杆菌制剂、300mg/kg复合乳酸杆菌制剂。每个处理3个重复,每个重复126只。试验期为6周。结果发现,与对照组相比,300mg/kg芽孢杆菌制剂处理组产蛋率在试验5～6周显著提高5.44%(P0.05),其它各期差异均不显著(P0.05);300mg/kg复合乳酸杆菌制剂处理组产蛋率在试验3～4周、5～6周和全期分别提高6.52%、4.71%和4.91%(P0.05);在试验各期和试验全期(0～6周),各组之间蛋重和料蛋比均差异不显著(P0.05);在试验全期,各组采食量、软破蛋率和斑蛋率也无显著差异(P0.05)。     

低蛋白质日粮添加植酸酶和肌醇对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及消化道发育的影响

文章旨在评估低蛋白质日粮补充植酸酶和肌醇对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及消化道发育的影响.试验将288只产蛋性能一致的28周龄海兰粉壳蛋鸡随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只.各组蛋鸡在为期8周的饲养试验中分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+2 mg/kg肌醇、基础日粮+2000 FTU/kg植酸酶.结果:植酸酶组蛋鸡的平均日采...     

不同添加量植酸酶对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

选择42周龄海兰褐蛋鸡1200只,随机分成5组,设正对照组、负对照组和3个试验组。3个试验组分别饲喂负对照组日粮基础上含不同添加量植酸酶(150、300、600U/kg)的日粮(营养标准相对正对照组低0.12%有效磷)。试验期60d,考察不同添加量的植酸酶对蛋鸡生产性能的影响。试验结果表明:150U/kg添加组与正对照组生产性能相比,产蛋率提高0.22%,蛋重、采食量、料蛋比分别降低0.16%、0.42%和0.47%,统计上均无显著差异(P>0.05);150U/kg添加组与300、600U/kg添加组相比统计上也无显著差异(P>0.05)。这表明饲料中使用150U/kg该植酸酶可达到与目前市场上普遍使用300U/kg植酸酶的效果,也能满足蛋鸡营养(磷)需要。     

发酵饲料对海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

旨在研究发酵饲料对海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。以玉米和豆粕为发酵底物,利用乳酸菌和酿酒酵母菌进行发酵。选取336日龄的海兰褐蛋鸡600只,随机分为4组,每组150只,3个重复,每个重复50只。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的基础日粮中分别添加3%、5%、8%的发酵饲料,对照组基础日粮中不添加发酵饲料。饲喂试验周期为4周,期间测定各组蛋鸡的生产性能及蛋品质相关指标。结果表明,基础日粮中添加不同比例的发酵饲料,均可在一定程度上改善蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质,其中：饲喂发酵饲料第2周,试验Ⅱ组的产蛋数与对照组相比显著（P<0.05）增加;饲喂发酵饲料第3周,试验Ⅱ组的产蛋数和总蛋重与对照组相比均显著（P<0.05）提高;饲喂发酵饲料4周后,试验Ⅱ组的产蛋数、总蛋重、产蛋率与对照组相比均显著（P<0.05）提高,并且料蛋比显著（P<0.05）下降;试验Ⅱ组的蛋壳强度显著（P<0.05）高于对照组;试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的哈氏单位显著（P<0.05）高于对照组。综上提示,在基础日粮中添加不同比例的发酵饲料,可在一定程度上提高海兰褐蛋鸡的生产性能及蛋品质,其中,5%添加水平的效果最佳。     

不同剂型植酸酶对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和骨骼质量的影响

本研究旨在探讨2种剂型(粉状和颗粒状)植酸酶对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和骨骼质量的影响.选取1 440只30周龄产蛋高峰期罗曼粉壳蛋鸡随机分为4个处理,每个处理10个重复,每个重复36只.处理Ⅰ为正对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,处理Ⅱ为负对照组,在试验期的第1～5周在正对照组饲粮的基础上分别降低钙和有效磷水平至3.23%和0.24%,而在试验期的第6～10周则降至3.23%和0.19%.处理Ⅲ在处理Ⅱ的基础上添加粉状植酸酶(300 U/kg),处理Ⅳ在处理Ⅱ的基础上添加颗粒状植酸酶(300 U/kg).试验期10周.结果表明,低磷饲粮显著降低全期平均日采食量和胫骨灰分含量(P<0.05),提高后期破蛋率(P<0.05),对日产蛋率、平均蛋重、蛋品质等无显著影响(P>0.05).添加2种植酸酶均显著提高平均日采食量(P<0.05)和胫骨灰分含量(P<0.01),但2种植酸酶之间产蛋率、平均蛋重、蛋品质等无显著差异(P>0.05).添加粉状植酸酶能显著提高灰分中磷的含量(P<0.05),添加颗粒状植酸酶显著降低了后期破蛋率(P<0.05).由此可知,在低磷蛋鸡饲粮中添加植酸酶可显著提高蛋鸡平均日采食量和胫骨灰分含量,对蛋品质的影响不显著.2种剂型的植酸酶对产蛋性能、蛋品质和骨骼质量的影响无显著差异.     

玉米-杂粕型日粮中添加不同植酸酶对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质及钙磷代谢的影响

选取720只24周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为8个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。8个处理分别为正对照组(PC)饲喂有效磷为0.36%的正常基础日粮,负对照组(NC)饲喂有效磷为0.16%的低磷日粮,其余试验组是在NC组日粮基础上分别添加两种植酸酶A或B各125、250、500 U/kg。其中植酸酶A是从大肠杆菌中提取,植酸酶B是从里氏木霉中提取。试验期为12周。结果表明:与PC组比较,NC和B500组产蛋率、平均蛋重和日采食量显著降低(P0.05),其他各添加植酸酶组恢复到PC组水平,各添加植酸酶组料蛋比和蛋品质无显著变化(P0.05);与PC组相比,NC组胫骨灰分、胫骨磷和血浆磷含量显著降低(P0.05),添加2种植酸酶组(除B500组外)恢复到PC组水平,B500组血浆磷含量显著低于PC组(P0.05),各试验组胫骨钙含量和血浆钙含量与PC组无显著差异(P0.05)。结果提示,低磷玉米-杂粕型日粮中添加2种植酸酶都能够缓解低磷引起的负效应,但2种植酸酶的最佳添加量不同,本试验条件下日粮中添加125 U/kg的植酸酶B或250 U/kg的植酸酶A都能满足蛋鸡对无机磷的需求。     

包膜酸化剂和小肽螯合铁及其互作对38~44周龄蛋鸡夏季产蛋性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究包膜酸化剂和小肽螯合铁及其互作对38~44周龄蛋鸡夏季产蛋性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响。采取2×4完全随机试验设计,在基础饲粮设2个包膜酸化剂添加水平(0和300 mg/kg)和4个小肽螯合铁添加水平(0、0.04%、0.08%和0.12%)。试验选用38周龄、健康的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡576只,随机分成8组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。A、B、C和D组饲粮分别在基础饲粮中添加0 mg/kg包膜酸化剂和0(对照组)、0.04%、0.08%或0.12%小肽螯合铁(铁含量分别为0、60、120和180 mg/kg),E、F、G和H组饲粮分别在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg包膜酸化剂和0、0.04%、0.08%或0.12%的小肽螯合铁(铁含量分别为0、60、120和180 mg/kg)。预试期1周,正试期6周。结果表明:1)包膜酸化剂以及包膜酸化剂和小肽螯合铁互作对哈氏单位有显著影响(P0.05)。B、H组总产蛋数较对照组分别提高了4.57%、4.45%(P0.05),F组蛋壳厚度显著大于对照组(P0.05),B、H组料蛋比显著小于G组(P0.05),E、F和G组哈氏单位显著高于D组(P0.05)。2)包膜酸化剂对血清中各生化指标均无显著影响(P0.05),小肽螯合铁对血清中钙、磷、铁含量有显著影响(P0.05),包膜酸化剂和小肽螯合铁互作对血清中总胆固醇、钙、磷含量有显著影响(P0.05)。D组血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.05),H组血清中总胆固醇含量显著低于B、C组(P0.05),并较对照组降低了15.48%(P0.05),B、F组血清中钙含量显著高于E组(P0.05),C组血清中磷含量显著高于E组(P0.05),C组血清中铁含量显著高于对照组和E、H组(P0.05)。综合考虑,在饲粮中单独添加0.04%小肽螯合铁或与300 mg/kg包膜酸化剂复合使用,均有利于提高38~44周龄蛋鸡夏季的产蛋性能,并可改善蛋品质和血清生化指标。     

黄霉素在产蛋鸡日粮中的应用

选用53周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡540只,采用单因子完全随机试验设计,随机分为2个处理组,每组3个重复。对照组A饲喂基础日粮,试验组B在基础日粮中添加5mg/kg黄霉素,试验期为4周。与对照组A相比,在试验0~2周、3~4周和试验全期0~4周,试验组B蛋鸡产蛋率与蛋重降低,采食量和料蛋比有一定程度的提高,但均未见显著差异(P0.05);而鸡蛋的软破蛋率和斑蛋率极显著降低,蛋鸡死淘数减少,蛋鸡健康状况有所改善。     

鹅蛋与鸭蛋生物学特性的比较

作者旨在研究地方品种鹅蛋与鸭蛋的生物学特性差异。同期采集固始白鹅种蛋56枚,淮南麻鸭种蛋64枚,对外部特征和内部品质进行对比。结果表明二者之间存在较大差异,鹅蛋与鸭蛋各指标分别为：蛋重（159.1 g,62.17 g）、蛋比重（1.119,1.094）、蛋壳厚度（0.514 mm,0.311 mm）、哈氏单位（107.77,86.14）、蛋黄比例（38.12%,30.28%）、蛋壳比例（12.32%,11.19%）,以上指标鹅蛋均高于鸭蛋。鸭蛋蛋黄色泽优于鹅蛋,罗氏比色鸭蛋、鹅蛋分别为11.33和4.52。鸭蛋的血肉斑率达到12.5%,明显高于鹅蛋的3.57%,需要通过育种手段来降低。     

Moisture content and moisture quantity of sweated chicken eggs in 2 storage environments

There are instances where shell eggs may be moved from refrigeration into ambient temperature with high humidity, such as before wash and during transportation. Under these conditions, it is of concern that bacteria on wet eggs can grow and migrate through the shell pores into the egg. Objectives of this experiment were: 1) to compare 3 methods of quantifying condensate on eggs and 2) to quantify condensate on refrigerated shell eggs at 2 temperatures (22°C and 32°C). For objective 1, 270 fresh shell eggs (3 replications, 90 eggs per replication) were stored at 4°C, 60% relative humidity (RH), then placed at 22°C, 60% RH for 1 h. After this time, 30 pre-weighed eggs were randomly selected and weighed. Thirty eggs were thoroughly wiped with pre-weighed paper towels to collect condensate. Thirty eggs were evaluated with a pinless moisture meter for quantifying egg condensate, which was found to be an ineffective method. There was no difference in quantifying egg condensation by egg weight or weight of moisture absorbed on a paper towel (0.2% vs. 0.19% percentage gain mL condensation/egg surface area) (P > 0.05). For objective 2, 104 fresh eggs formed condensation at 2 temperatures (22°C and 32°C, 60% RH). Each egg weight was continuously recorded from the beginning of condensation formation to the point where the egg reached a constant weight. There was a difference found in the time it took for an egg to reach maximum condensation (11 min at 32°C, 17 min at 22°C), as well as completely dry (25 min at 32°C, 34 min at 22°C) between the 2 temperatures (P < 0.05).     

饲粮蛋白质水平对蛋鹌鹑产蛋性能的影响

采用单因子实验设计,将饲粮粗蛋白质设为3个水平,分别为18%、20%、22%,将鹌鹑分为6个组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只鹌鹑,实验阶段为33~40周龄,研究日粮中蛋白质水平对产蛋性能的影响.结果表明:第2组鹌鹑的产蛋量显著高于第1、3组(P<0.05),产蛋率显著高于第1、3组(P<0.05),第3组的平均蛋重显著高于第1、2组(P<0.05);第2组的料蛋比显著低于第1、3组(P<0.01).说明饲料蛋白质水平为20%时,产蛋性能是最佳的,提高蛋白质水平并没有促进鹌鹑的产蛋性能.     

Albendazole treatment in laying hens: Egg residues and its effects on fertility and hatchability

This work characterized the egg residual concentrations of albendazole (ABZ ) and its sulphoxide (ABZSO ) and sulphone (ABZSO ₂) metabolites and evaluated their effect on egg fertility and hatchability after ABZ treatments to laying hens. Seventy hens were allocated in groups: Group‐1 was the control without treatment; Group‐2 received a single ABZ oral dose (10 mg/kg); Group‐3, ‐4 and ‐5 were treated with ABZ in medicated feed over 7 days at 10, 40, or 80 mg kg^?1 day^?1, respectively. Eggs were analyzed to determine the ABZ /metabolite level by HPLC or subjected to incubation to evaluate the fertility and hatchability. Only ABZSO and ABZSO ₂ metabolites were quantified in egg after ABZ single oral administration with maximum concentrations of 0.47 ± 0.08 and 0.30 ± 0.07 μg/ml, respectively. ABZ and its metabolites were found in eggs after 7‐day ABZ treatments. The egg residue exposure estimated as AUC s (areas under the concentration vs . time curve) were 100.5 (ABZ ), 56.3 (ABZSO ) and 141.3 μg hr g^?1 (ABZSO ₂). ABZ administration did not affect the egg fertility at any dosages. Egg hatchability was not affected by ABZ treatment at 10 mg/kg in medicated feed, but it decreased when the dose was 4–8 times higher. These results should be considered when ABZ is used for deworming laying hens.     

Performance of Four Hybrids of Laying Hens in Modified and Conventional Cages

Abstract

In two trials, production, feed consumption, mortality, egg quality and birds' live weight of a total of 2877 caged laying hens of four hybrids, Dekalb XL, Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and Shaver 288 in Trial 1 and ISA Brown and LSL in Trial 2, were studied during full production cycles. The cage designs were Get-away cages (GA) with 15 hens per cage, a special version of the “Edinburgh modified cage” called “Modified and enriched cage” (ME) with 4 ISA or 5 Leghorn hens per cage, conventional cages of metal (CO) with 4 hens per cage and conventional cages of plastic (PL) with 3 hens per cage. GA and ME included nests, perches and sandbaths. LSL produced significantly better than the other hybrids. Shaver had a significantly lower live weight than Dekalb and LSL, while ISA was significantly heavier than LSL. Production in ME was similar to that in conventional cages and, in Trial 2, birds in ME, CO and PL produced significantly better than those in GA. The highest mortality was registered in GA, where in Trial 2 it was significantly higher than in ME. GA gave a significantly higher and CO a lower proportion of cracked eggs than ME and PL. In both trials ME gave significantly lower proportions of dirty eggs than GA and in Trial 2, the lowest. Few differences between the systems were registered regarding interior egg quality. It was concluded that ME is better for production, mortality and management than GA but similar to conventional cages.     

良种鸡与地方鸡杂交试验报告

利用不同品种的良种蛋鸡与本地地方鸡杂交,以提高地方鸡产蛋量、蛋重和淘汰鸡体重.试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、重组分别为湖北红鸡(?)×地方鸡(?)、地方鸡(?)×湖北红鸡(?),地方鸡(?)×罗曼褐商品代(?).第Ⅳ组为地方鸡(?)×地方鸡(?).试验结果表明:Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组相比,20周龄体重、42周龄体重、72周龄淘汰鸡体重、产蛋量、蛋重均能有效得到提高,其中42周龄体重和72周龄淘汰鸡体重Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间差异不显著,与Ⅳ组相比差异极显著,42周龄平均蛋重Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、组与Ⅳ组相比差异极显著,Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比差异显著.42周龄单枚蛋重Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组相比分别增加7.4g、8.54g和10g,72周龄产蛋量Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组相比分别增加41、35,55枚.     

冷藏浸酸种减少生种的新方法

将生种率高的蚕种在丙2 胚胎期于5℃再冷藏20～22 天可以减少生种的发生     

外源肌苷酸对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及种蛋孵化性能的影响

本试验通过在种鸡的基础饲粮中加入肌苷酸(IMP)来研究其对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和种蛋孵化性能的影响。选择遗传背景相同、体重相近,产蛋率达到5%的20周龄健康AA种鸡864羽,随机分为2组(对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验组饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸),每组6个重复,每个重复72羽,试验期30 d。测定试验期间所有种蛋的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率;每组随机选取部分种蛋进行蛋品质测定;于孵化开始第17天,通过照蛋处理统计种蛋受精率,第21天出雏时,计算受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率和健雏率。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组种鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率均有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋形指数显著升高(P<0.05),蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和蛋黄颜色显著降低(P<0.05);受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率显著升高(P<0.05),健雏率和雏鸡体重有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上,0.5%外源肌苷酸对种鸡的产蛋性能和种蛋孵化性能均有促进作用。     

Application of Ionized Reactive Oxygen Species for Disinfection of Carcasses,Table Eggs,and Fertile Eggs

We evaluated the effect of ionized reactive oxygen species created using Binary Ionization Technology (BIT) for disinfection of broiler carcasses, table eggs, and treatment of fertile eggs. Previous research has indicated that BIT creates a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lyse bacterial cells on contact. Application of BIT to broiler carcasses that had been intentionally inoculated with 1.58 × 10⁶ Salmonella enterica Enteritidis (SE) caused a 1 to 3 log reduction in recoverable SE, depending on the duration of the treatment. Additionally, after inoculation of table eggs with 6.8 × 10⁸ cfu of SE, we recovered SE from 95% fewer eggs following enrichment and found significantly fewer (7.77 and 7.41 log reduction) colony-forming units recovered from eggs treated with BIT compared with nontreated control eggs. We also evaluated whether application of the BIT treatment had any effect on hatchability of broiler breeder eggs to determine whether use of this technology could be feasible in a hatchery environment for disinfection of eggs. There were no significant effects of BIT on the hatchability (of total set) of treated eggs as compared with nontreated control eggs; however, there was a slight numerical increase in hatchability, between 5 and 10% in 2 trials. These data suggest that application of BIT technology to carcasses and table eggs could reduce contamination with pathogens and that the application to fertile eggs may not have effects on hatchability of eggs set.     

Nutritive constituents of Silky fowl eggs: comparison with hen eggs of White Leghorn origin

In the present study, proportional parts, amounts of major constituents, vitamins, minerals and fatty acids composition of Silky fowl eggs were examined compared with those of hen eggs. The ratio of egg yolk weight to whole egg weight of Silky fowl egg was significantly larger than that of egg yolk of hen egg. The amount of cholesterol of Silky fowl eggs were significantly (P < 0.01) less than those of hen eggs. The amount of vitamins (B2, B6, D and E), calcium and potassium in Silky fowl eggs were significantly higher than those of hen eggs. Unsaturated fatty acids in Silky fowl eggs were 62.5% among total fatty acids, the unsaturated fatty acids of hen eggs were 53.9%. Especially, the contents of arachidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in Silky fowl eggs were significantly larger than in hen eggs.