天然彩色棉花颜色测量与分级方法研究

颜色是衡量天然彩色棉花质量的重要指标之一。对天然彩色棉花颜色快速、准确地进行测量和分级正成为天然彩色棉花科研、育种和生产中的难点问题。本研究通过选用不同颜色深度的55个棕色棉品种（系）天然彩色棉花样品,通过目视及选用X-Rite SP64积分球式分光光度计进行颜色测量和分级试验,定量划分为6个颜色等级。依据本研究成果制作色卡和天然彩色棉花纤维色卡,可用于天然彩色棉花颜色分级的实践操作。     

彩色棉引种试验小结

彩色棉引种试验小结张雪林湖南省棉花科学研究所常德４１５００４彩色棉以其天然成色，在美国加洲和德洲已有小面积种植，市场上也开始有彩色棉织品出售，为了了解彩色棉的特征特性，加速其在育种和生产上的利用，１９９４年我们从中国农科院棉花研究所引进绿绒和棕绒彩色...     

棉花高产育种原理与试验方法初探

我国的棉花育种，经过广大棉花育种工作者的努力，已进入世界先进水平。根据中美棉花品种第2轮联试结果，我国自育的3个棉花品种比美国的3个棉花品种平均增产17．45％（付小琼等，1995）。本文结合育种工作实践对国内几十年来的棉花育种工作的一些方面做些总结，初步概括出棉花高产育种的两个基本原理，并对改进棉花育种的田间试验和选择方法提出一些初步设想。1棉花高产育种基本原理1．1原理一；棉花品种的增产原理为理想株型与杂优利用相结合。由于在株型、分枝习性和叶片构造上的特点，棉花的光能利用率不如玉米、水稻、小麦等作物。如何…     

新疆转基因棉花育种展望

简述了新疆转基因棉花育种现状,针对新疆棉花生产实际情况,分析了新疆转基因棉花育种所面临的问题,提出了新疆转基因棉花育种方向以及加快新疆转基因棉花育种发展的建议。     

南疆喀什地区棉花育种现状及对策

以新疆生产建设兵团农三师农业科学研究所为南疆喀什地区棉花育种的代表,概述了自2007年搬迁以来在棉花区试点建设、种质资源收集、杂种优势利用、中长绒和抗病育种等方面的工作进展,评价了喀什地区棉花育种现状,并针对育种现状和存在的问题提出棉花育种的研究方向和对策。     

湖南棉花育种的现状与策略剖析

通过对近几年湖南省棉花育种情况的总结,介绍了湖南棉花生产应用的历史成就和巨大影响,分析了当前棉花育种的现状,指出了存在的主要问题,提出了今后湖南省棉花育种须以种质资源创新与评价、棉花分子育种、常规棉品种选育、适合轻简化品种选育、杂种优势技术,抗病性研究与新材料创制及应用为主的育种策略。     

新形势下棉花商业化育种目标探讨

分析了三大流域棉花生产动态变化及其原因,提出了制定棉花商业化育种目标的基本思路,探讨了我国棉花种植结构调整下新疆和黄河流域、长江流域棉区的棉花商业化育种目标,提出了棉花商业化育种的组织方式。     

建立棉花差别化育种技术体系的构思

从棉花新体系育种的架构、差别化育种战略和哲学的指导地位等3个方面,论述了棉花差别化育种技术体系的特点与思路.提出棉花育种可分为特种棉育种、早熟棉育种、高产高效育种、高抗多抗育种4个子技术,每个子技术均有亲本选配、选择、鉴定3阶段的差别化育种技术体系.     

新形势下湖北棉花育种方向的商榷

湖北棉花育种水平较高,基本能满足湖北省作为植棉大省的需要。随着抗虫杂交棉的大面积应用,给棉花育种工作带来了新的问题和挑战。在分析近年来湖北省育成棉花品种情况、育种现状及存在主要问题的基础上,探讨了湖北棉花育种发展方向,认为今后应加强常规棉选育、加强育种方法创新和杂种优势利用研究。     

华中农业大学棉花遗传育种研究室简介

华中农业大学棉花遗传育种研究室简介华中农业大学棉花遗传育种研究室的前身是农学系作物育种教研室所属的棉花育种研究组，该组成立于１９５３年，研究组成员４人。１９７９年农业部批准华中农学院成立农作物遗传育种研究所，棉花遗传育种研究室同时诞生。研究室的任务以...     

Dyeing characteristics of Nylon,cotton and N/C mixture fabrics with reactive-disperse dyes containing a sulphatoethylsulphone group

The dyeing and color fastness properties of three reactive-disperse dyes containing a sulphatoethylsulphone group on Nylon, cotton and N/C mixture fabrics were examined. Reduction-clearing was more effective in removing the unfixed dyes than soaping since the reactive-disperse dye became hydrophobic during dyeing process. Nylon was dyed well with three reactive-disperse dyes at pH 5∼8 and difference in chemical structure between dyes did not affect the final color strength of the dyed Nylon fiber, but their build-up properties on Nylon were not so good. The color strength of the dyed cotton was not as high as that of Nylon. The color strength of cotton increased by lowering dyeing temperature when the reactive-disperse dyes having hydroxy group were used. Nylon absorbed more dye molecules than cotton in simultaneous dyeing, the color difference between Nylon and cotton could be reduced as the dyeing temperature decreased. N/C mixture fabric was dyed well at 60 °C with the reactive-disperse dyes having hydroxyl group when applied at pH 7 and 60 °C, and their build-up properties were good. It was also found that washing fastness and rubbing fastness of dyed Nylon, cotton and N/C fabrics with the reactive-disperse dyes were excellent, while light fastness was moderate.     

Reversible and washing resistant textile-based optical pH sensors by dyeing fabrics with curcuma

Curcuma powder was used to dye cotton and polyamide 6,6 fabrics in order to produce textile-based optical pH sensors. Both fabrics showed a bright yellow color after dyeing and demonstrated color changes (towards red) when contacted with basic solutions. Color change and sensitivity differ for cotton and for polyamide. Curcuma-dyed cotton shows color changes in particular in the range of pH between 6.5 and 8.5, whilst curcuma-dyed polyamide shows a wider pH range: from 8.5 to 13.0. The stability of pH sensing to washing was evaluated. Three different kinds of washing agents were used in order to simulate the real life conditions of a garment or a cloth. Standard test methods were used when available for washing tests. The pH sensing of the curcuma-dyed fabrics demonstrated an excellent fastness to all kinds of washing. Ionic strength of the solution does not affect the color changes. Moreover, color reversibility of the fabrics was proven, too. Color change and reversibility of the fabrics was assessed by an UV-visible spectrophotometer. Spectral changes were observed at 540 nm for curcuma-dyed cotton, and at 487 and 574 nm for polyamide.     

An investigation of color fading of sulfur-dyed cotton fabric by plasma treatment

Popularity of clothing with different kinds of faded color effects has been growing in recent years, leading to development of several technologies and techniques for imparting the vintage and old-fashion look. However, most color fading technologies and processes involve use of significant quantities of chemicals and water, raising concerns about environmental pollution, and other related problems. It is quite difficult to control the color fading effect on textile products. Plasma treatment has been used for color fading of cotton apparel quite successfully in the last few years. Air is used as the color fading agent and therefore no chemical effluents are generated. This study examines color fading of sulfur dyed cotton fabrics with plasma treatment. Cotton fabrics (yellow color) dyed with sulfur dyes were plasma treated under varying conditions and the resultant color fading effect was evaluated instrumentally. The color fading effect was found to be quite controllable if the treatment parameters were properly selected. Besides, evenness of the end product was excellent.     

Improving thermal conductivity of cotton fabrics using composite coatings containing graphene, multiwall carbon nanotube or boron nitride fine particles

Graphene, multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and fine boron nitride (BN) particles were separately applied with a resin onto a cotton fabric, and the effect of the thin composite coatings on the thermal conductive property, air permeability, wettability and color appearance of the cotton fabric was examined. The existence of the fillers within the coating layer increased the thermal conductivity of the coated cotton fabric. At the same coating content, the increase in fabric thermal conductivity was in the order of graphene > BN > MWCNT, ranging from 132 % to 842 % (based on pure cotton fabric). The coating led to 73 %, 69 % and 64 % reduction in air permeability when it respectively contained 50.0 wt% graphene, BN and MWCNTs. The graphene and MWCNT treated fabrics had a black appearance, but the coating had almost no influence on the fabric hydrophilicity. The BN coating made cotton fabric surface hydrophobic, with little change in fabric color.     

Improvement of ink-jet printing performances using β-cyclodextrin forming inclusion complex on cotton fabric

Cotton fabric was modified with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) forming inclusion complex to yield color strength, pattern sharpness, and color fastness for ink-jet printing. The modified cotton fabric was confirmed with the presence of new strong absorption peaks around 1713 cm^-1 and 1243 cm^-1 in FT-IR. β-CD had been covalently grafted on cotton fabric via the esterification reaction of citric acid (CTR) with cellulose and β-CD. The results indicated that printing performances of the ink-jet printed fabric were enhanced through β-CD modification. The K/S value was enhanced from 4.21 to 6.72, the width of printed line was decreased from 1.48 mm to 1.25 mm, and the color fastness was improved to 3-4 level. These improvements were due to the truncated cone structure of β-CD, which can form inclusions with water-based pigment. Meanwhile, the crease recovery performance was also improved with the aid of CTR. A comparison between the unmodified and modified cotton fabric suggested that the crease recovery angle of β-CD modified cotton fabric was increased by 25.0 % in the warp direction. Therefore, printing performance and crease recovery performance of β-CD modified and water-based pigment printed cotton fabric were enhanced remarkably.     

A two-bath method for digital ink-jet printing of cotton fabric with chitosan

In our previous research, the possibility of using chitosan in preparing the pretreatment print paste for digital ink-jet printing for cotton fabric was investigated but the final color was not good as expected. In this paper, we modified our previous work by applying the chitsoan separately on the cotton fabric for digital ink-jet printing. A two-bath method was thus proposed and it was confirmed that a better color yield was achieved with this method. However, the use of chitosan reduced the tensile strength of the digital ink-jet printed fabric slightly.     

Digital ink-jet printing for chitosan-treated cotton fabric

In this paper, chitosan was suggested for using as a replacement for sodium alginate in the pretreatment print paste for digital ink-jet printing for cotton fabric. Pretreatment print pastes prepared from the mixture of chitosan and acetic acid with the appropriate viscosity gave satisfactory prints on the cotton fabric. Chitosan-treated cotton fabrics were digitally irk-jet printed with four different colors and the color fastness rating of the printed fabrics was satisfactory. Experimental results revealed the possibility of pre-treating the cotton with chitosan to replace the sodium alginate normally present in the pretreatment print paste recipe.     

Adsorption and dyeing characteristics of reactive dyes onto cotton fiber in nonionic Triton X-100 reverse micelles

The nonionic reverse micelles used for dyeing cotton fiber were prepared with a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) by injecting small amount of reactive dye aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity of three water-soluble anionic azo dyes including Reactive Blue 222, Reactive Red 195 and Reactive Yellow 145 onto cotton fiber was investigated. The Langmuir and Freundlich isothermals were employed to model the adsorption data. In addition, the color strength and fixation rate of cotton fabrics dyed in the reverse micelles and bulk water were examined and compared. The salt and alkali as influencing factors were also discussed. The FT-IR spectra were employed to study the polarity of water added in reverse micelles. The results indicated that the adsorption of the dyes onto cotton showed better agreement with Langmuir model. The adsorption process was monolayer adsorption. Reactive Yellow 145 with lower negative charge and higher hydrophilicity exhibited the higher adsorption capacity. The fixation percentage and color strength of the cotton fiber dyed in TX-100 reverse micelles was higher than those in bulk water. The polarity of water in TX-100 reverse micelles was lower than that in bulk water.     

Eco-friendly dyeing using natural mordant extracted from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Emblica officinalis G</Emphasis>. Fruit on cotton and silk fabrics with antibacterial activity

Emblica officinalis G. dried fruit tannin was extracted and applied as a natural mordant alone and in combination with metal mordant namely copper sulphate for dyeing on cotton and silk fabrics using natural dyes. The color strength, color-coordinates, wash and light fastness were also evaluated for cotton and silk fabrics with and without mordanting. The pre-mordanted cotton and silk fabrics on dyeing gave better color strength, wash and light fastness than those dyeing obtained without mordanting. The total phenolic content of the extract was calculated. Cotton and silk fabrics resulted in good antibacterial activity using the Emblica officinalis G. mordant. When mordant was used along with 0.5 and 1 % copper sulphate mordant and the activity enhanced and was active up to 20 washes.     

Salt-free dyeability of thiourea grafted cotton fabric

In this study salt-free dyeing cotton fabric was achieved by grafting thiourea to cotton fibers, where the thiourea grafted cotton fabric (TUGCF) was prepared by epoxidizing cotton fibers with epichlorohydrin in water and subsequently grafting in aqueous solution of thiourea. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and XPS of the TUGCF indicated that a great amount of epoxy groups from the epoxidized cotton fibers reacted with amino groups from thiourea. The TUGCF fabric prepared at the optimum condition and subsequently dyed with reactive dyes in the absence of salt displayed significantly enhanced color strength, showing better dyeing properties when compared with the untreated cotton fabric dyed with conventional methods, in terms of washing fastness, rubbing fastness, and levelness. It was found that the dyeing performance of Reactive Red B-3BF followed a Langmuir-type adsorption curve when used to salt-free dye the TUGCF.