玄武岩纤维增强落叶松集成材胶合工艺的研究

对聚氨酯胶粘剂制造落叶松集成材/玄武岩纤维增强树脂(BFRP)的胶合工艺技术进行了研究.采用正交试验法考察加压时间、砂光处理、压力对落叶松集成材/BFRP胶合性能的影响并确定优化工艺参数.结果显示:试验的优化工艺参数为A3B2C1,即加压时间为4h,采用80目砂光处理和压力为1.2 MPa.     

小径柚木异型胶合工艺对集成材胶合性能的影响

以胶合压力、施胶量(单面)、加压时间为影响因素,通过正交试验优化小径柚木胶合工艺,在此基础上研究胶合工艺参数、组合纹理与异型单元件斜边角度对集成材胶合性能的影响。结果表明:优化胶合工艺参数为胶合压力0.7 MPa,施胶量(单面)220 g/m^2,加压时间40 min;胶合压力对胶合剪切强度有显著影响,施胶量(单面)和加压时间对胶合性能影响不显著,随着胶合压力增大,胶合剪切强度随之减小。异型单元件斜边角度和不同纹理组合都对胶合剪切强度有显著影响,对木破率无显著影响。随着梯形组坯单元件斜边角度的增加,胶合剪切强度增加。在弦弦、径弦、径径纹理组合中,弦弦组合纹理胶合剪切强度最大。     

生产工艺对巨尾桉/聚乙烯膜复合材料质量的影响

采用巨尾桉基材、胶合剂聚乙烯膜制备三层木塑复合材料,分析热压温度、热压时间、热压压力、施胶量这四个因素对复合材料胶合强度的影响。结果表明：在热压温度160℃、热压时间50s/mm、热压压力0.7MPa、施胶量为119g/m2的工艺条件下,巨尾桉/聚乙烯膜复合材料的胶合性能最优,能够达到II类胶合板标准。     

聚酰胺多胺环氧氯丙烷树脂大豆胶黏剂制备及性能研究

采用己二酸(AA)、二乙烯三胺、环氧氯丙烷(ECH)合成聚酰胺多胺环氧氯丙烷树脂(PAE),将其与大豆蛋白按比例混合制备PAE大豆胶黏剂。在合成预聚体(PA)后,通过单因素试验,探究AA与ECH摩尔比、大豆蛋白添加量对胶合板胶合强度的影响,研究了PAE对大豆蛋白的改性作用及胶接机理。结果表明:在胶黏剂合成过程中AA与ECH摩尔比为1:1.0,大豆蛋白添加量为30%,热压温度为120℃、压力1.0 MPa、热压时间6 min条件下,PAE大豆蛋白胶黏剂胶合强度可达1.02 MPa,满足GB/T 9846-2015Ι类板指标要求。     

Manufacture of plywood bonded with kenaf core powder

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) core powder was used as a binder to manufacture three-ply plywoods of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) by conventional hot pressing under various manufacturing conditions: hot-pressing conditions (pressure, temperature, and time) and powder conditions (grain size, spread volume, and moisture content). The adhesive shear strength and wood failure of plywoods were measured in accordance with the Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS) for plywood. The result showed that fine kenaf core powder played a role as an effective binder when plywoods were pressed at high pressure, which caused extreme compression of veneer cells. In addition, the adhesive shear strength of plywoods in dry conditions was high regardless of pressing temperature and time, but it was sensitive to pressing temperature and time in wet conditions. The highest adhesive shear strength was obtained from plywoods manufactured with kenaf core powder (grain size 10 μm, spread volume 200 g/m², moisture content 8.6%) under hot-pressing conditions (pressure 5.0 MPa using distance bars 4 mm thick, temperature 200°C, time 20–30 min). However, the plywood could not meet the requirement for the second grade of plywood by JAS because of its low water-resistance properties. Part of this article was presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tsukuba, March 2008, and the 10th World Conference on Timber Engineering, Miyazaki, June 2008     

桤木旋切单板以及用于制造细木工板的工艺研究

通过设置不同的旋切厚度对不同树龄的桤木原木进行单板旋切试验,分析单板厚度和背面裂隙率,探讨桤木单板旋切的适应性和制造细木工板的工艺,并采用正交法优选最佳制造细木工板的热压工艺参数。结果表明:当杉木板芯厚度为12 mm、桤木单板厚度为2.8 mm时,热压温度为125℃、热压压力为1.3 MPa、热压时间为8 min、施胶量为220 g/m~2时,横向静曲强度最大。     

水基聚氨酯胶粘剂在集成材生产中的应用

讨论了水基聚氨酯木材胶粘剂的反应机理和影响其胶接性能的主要因素，进行了ＳＲ－１００木材结构胶制备集成材的应用试验。结果表明：该胶用于针叶材云杉和阔叶材水曲柳、榆木、柞木，所制得集成材的粘接性能达到结构用集成材的指标要求，为生产结构集成材提供技术依据。     

复合工艺对竹/塑复合刨花板性能的影响

利用聚乙烯(PE)粉末取代部分脲醛树脂(UF)胶黏剂,与竹刨花制备三层结构竹/塑复合刨花板。通过正交试验探讨PE添加量、UF施胶量、热压温度及热压时间对竹/塑复合刨花板主要物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:较优工艺组合为PE添加量6%、UF施胶量2%、热压温度205℃、热压时间12s/mm,竹/塑复合刨花板达到LY/T1842—2009《竹材刨花板》A类理化性能指标要求;2h吸水厚度膨胀率和甲醛释放量分别为2.6%和2.4mg/100g,与普通竹材刨花板对比,分别减少了54.4%和54.7%;静曲强度达到19.6MPa,提高了14.0%。采用PE粉末替代部分UF胶黏剂生产竹/塑复合刨花板可行,且具有广泛的应用前景。     

油菜籽蛋白-丙烯酸酯乳液共混胶黏剂的制备

将油菜籽蛋白和丙烯酸酯乳液共混制备胶黏剂,以其代替部分醛类胶黏剂用于胶合板生产。采用单因素试验方法,确定油菜籽蛋白和丙烯酸酯乳液添加比例;采用正交试验方法,优化该胶黏剂制备胶合板工艺;通过热重分析评价胶黏剂的热稳定性。结果表明:油菜籽蛋白与丙烯酸酯乳液配比为8∶2,胶合板制备理想的热压工艺为二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)添加量4%、热压温度140℃、热压时间700s、热压压力0.8MPa,板材剪切强度1.71MPa,符合GB/T9846—2015《普通胶合板》中Ⅱ类胶合板的要求。     

竹/杨复合规格材制备工艺研究

研究以竹展平规格材和杨木单板为原料,以脲醛树脂为胶黏剂,采用竹黄-杨木-竹黄的组坯方式制备竹/杨木复合规格材,通过L9(34)正交试验,探讨涂胶量、热压温度、热压压力以及热压时间四因素对竹/杨复合规格材物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:热压温度对竹/杨复合材性能影响最大,其次是涂胶量和热压压力,热压时间影响最小。通过加权法得到的优化热压工艺参数为热压压力1.5 MPa、热压时间12 min、热压温度130℃、涂胶量(单面)240 g/m2。     

间苯二酚改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂的研究

采用间苯二酚改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂,结果表明,P/R摩尔比对间苯二酚-苯酚-甲醛树脂胶合木的剪切强度影响不大,剥离率与P/R摩尔比呈线性关系.间苯二酚-苯酚-甲醛树脂胶合木的剪切强度≥6MPa,剥离率＜10％.     

Binderless fiberboard from steam exploded Miscanthus Sinensis: optimization of pressing and pretreatment conditions

A Miscanthus Sinensis plantation in Galicia, Spain, provided the raw material for experimental fiberboards. After harvesting, the Miscanthus stems were cleaned and chipped. The chips were steam exploded with a thermo-mechanical aqueous vapor process in a batch reactor. The resulting material was dried, slightly milled, and used to produce fiberboard with no synthetic binders. The pretreatment and the pressing conditions that optimize the physico-mechanical responses were determined. Response surface methodology with a central composite design was used. The variables studied and their respective variation ranges were: pretreatment time, 4–14 min; pressing temperature, 195–245°C; pressing pressure, 1.9–14.6 MPa. The boards obtained were very good quality (modulus of elasticity as high as 7630 MPa, modulus of rupture as high as 61 MPa, internal bond as high as 4.1 MPa, thickness swelling as low as 2.5%, and water absorption as low as 8.9%) and more than satisfied the requirements of the relevant standard specifications.     

Prediction of bending properties for structural glulam using optimized distributions of knot characteristics and laminar MOE

This study established a prediction model for bending properties of glued-laminated timber (glulam) using optimized knot and modulus of elasticity (MOE) distributions of lumber laminate as the main input variables. For this purpose, knot and MOE data were investigated for all pieces of lumber that were prepared for glulam manufacturing, and statistical distributions of knot size, knot number in one lumber, and MOE of each laminate were optimized as distribution functions. These knot and MOE data were used as input variables in the prediction model for bending properties, and were also used in generating virtual glulam using the inverse transform method. Prediction of bending properties for glulam was carried out using the transformed section method, which is partially provided in ASTM D 3737 (Annex A4). Predicted values were compared with those from full-scale four-point bending tests for 60 six-layered glulams with 10 different laminar combinations. Finally, the allowable bending properties of glulam for each specific laminate combination were determined by calculating the fifth percentile of the modulus of rupture and the average modulus of elasticity from virtual test results of more than 1000 virtual glulams. From the results of this study, predicted bending properties for glulam and their distributions could be used for structural design in both allowable stress design and limit state design.     

杉木积成材制造工艺研究

研究以杉木制材板皮为原料，采用梳解加工法制造杉木积成材的制板工艺。结果表明，密度为0．6g／cm^3，厚为16mm的杉木积成材，其较佳制造工艺为木束条含水率6％-9％，施胶量8％-9％，热压压力2．0MPa，热压温度160℃。热压时间10min。     

人工林胡桃楸木材纤维长度径向变异规律研究

木材纤维长度是衡量木材材质、材性和植物纤维原料质量优劣的较重要的指标之一。为初步掌握人工林胡桃楸木材材质材性的径向变异规律,以其木纤维长度为研究对象,采用时间序列和一元回归两种分析方法,进行数据拟合和短期预测。研究结果表明,采用时间序列模型ARIMA和一元回归方程可以对人工林胡桃楸木纤维长度进行数据拟合与4 a短期预测,ARIMA模型的拟合效果优于一元回归方程,一元回归方程的预测效果优于ARIMA模型。     

Development of binderless fiberboard from kenaf core

Binderless fiberboards with densities of 0.3 and 0.5 g/cm³ were developed from kenaf core material using the conventional dry-manufacturing process. The effects of steam pressure (0.4–0.8 MPa) and cooking time (10–30 min) in the refining process, fiber moisture content (MC) (10%, 30%), and hot-pressing time (3–10 min) on the board properties were investigated. The results showed that kenaf core binderless fiberboards manufactured with high steam pressure and long cooking time during the refining process had high internal bond (IB) strength, low thickness swelling (TS), but low bending strength values. The binderless fiberboards made from 30% MC fibers showed better mechanical and dimensional properties than those from air-dried fibers. Hot-pressing time was found to have little effect on the IB value of the binderless board at the refining conditions of 0.8 MPa/20 min, but longer pressing time resulted in lower TS. At a density of 0.5 g/cm³, binderless fiberboard with the refining conditions of 0.8 MPa/20 min recorded a modulus of rupture (MOR) of 12 MPa, modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 1.7 GPa, IB of 0.43 MPa, and 12% TS under the optimum board manufacturing conditions. Part of this article was presented at the 54th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Hokkaido, August 3–5, 2004     

GROWTH EFFECT OF DAHURIAN LARCH-MANCHURIAN ASH MIXED FORESTS

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原状粉煤灰在水泥刨花板中应用的研究

主要论述了原状粉煤灰（Ⅲ级灰）在水泥刨花极中应用的情况。分析了在其它工艺条件（密度、水灰比、木灰比）确定情况下,粉煤灰替代量、外加剂种类和用量等因素对板各项性能指标的影响。结果表明：（１）粉煤灰替代量是影响极材性能的主要因素,外加剂种类和用量对极性能也有影响;（２）粉煤灰替代量３０％为强度转折点,但４０％替代量制板,板各性能指标仍然能达到国家行业标准要求;（３）以粉煤灰替代部分水泥生产水泥刨花板。不但可以降低生产成本,而且可以改善板的某些性能。     

集成材及玻璃纤维增强复合材料的发展动态研究

通过对集成材、玻璃纤维增强复合材料的国内外研究历史及现状的概述,总结了研究成果,分析了其未来的发展趋势。研究结果认为,集成材作为优良建筑木构件材料将会得到广泛的应用,玻璃纤维增强复合材料具有广阔的应用前景和发展空间,木材与玻璃纤维等极性不同材料胶合机理、胶粘剂的开发、集成材的产品标准等方面的研究将是未来的发展方向。     

UF-G低毒脲醛树脂在胶合板上的应用研究

UF-G低毒脲醛树脂在胶合板上的应用研究结果表明,最佳调胶参数为面粉添加量25%,固化剂添加量1.2%;最佳热压工艺参数为热压温度110℃、热压压力1.2 MPa、热压时间60 s·mm-1、涂胶量300 g·m-2。在此条件下压制出的胶合板甲醛释放量达到E1级,且胶合强度满足国家标准的要求。