储藏物冷却机在高温高湿区高大平房仓的应用

选用功率较小的储藏物冷却机与负压通风相结合,对福建漳州地区的粮面压盖稻谷仓进行降温冷却,通过改变粮面压盖方式实现冷却的均匀性和彻底性.累计运行时间112.7 h,降温3.3℃,水分变化为0.1％,达到了保水降温的效果.运行期间的降温单位能耗为0.47 kW·h/℃·t,符合《谷物冷却机低温储粮技术规程》的规定,结束降温后粮面压盖延缓了粮温复温.     

新型负压渗灌技术对农田土壤水分精准控制应用

针对节水微灌技术发展,研发出一种新型的负压渗灌系统。新系统将常规的环形管输水改造为直路单向输水,通过控制计量水箱结构和调压器实现了植物对水分连续自动获取,改变了传统的间歇灌溉理念,提高了灌溉精准和自动化程度,同时显著提高了水分利用效率,实现了作物自身需水情况与土壤水分平衡精准供水,促进了水分高效精准利用。负压自动补给灌溉具备节水、节能和保护农业生态环境、保护土地等农业自然资源等优点,从而实现土壤水分的精确和持续控制,使省工、省力、规模化、高效率和高科技的现代农业技术成为现实,彻底颠覆了传统滴灌方式的灌水理念,由人为机械供水改为由土壤水势实时平衡自动、实时、科学调控灌水量,具有广泛的开发前景。     

The Energy Saving Design of Domestic Water Supply for a Residential Quarter of High-rise Buildings

The schemes of domestic water supply for a residential quarter of high-rise building are introduced.The energy consumptions of water supply schemes selected are compared and analyzed.The energy saving of the water supply schemes with water tank and variable velocity variable frequency pump are obtained.And demonstrated the domestic water supply system of combination the roof water tank and variable velocity variable frequency pump is good at energy saving.Furthermore,by the comparison of the investment and cost of these schemes in their lives,the best choice of domestic water supply system is gained.     

Analysis of a New Distributed-Pump Scheme Applied in District Heating Network

It is helpful for energy efftciency to use distributed pumps instead of valves to regulate hydraulic balance in a district heating system (DHS). A new scheme of distributed pump-system is presented based on performance comparison of hydraulic regime and power saving of single-heat-source dendritic pipeline networks with regulating valves and/or distributed pumps. Supposing that the new scheme was employed in multi-sources looped-pipe network, theoretical analysis and case study were carried out to evaluate off-design performances including hydraulic self-regulation, supply water temperature stability and power-saving potential. The results indicated that the proposed scheme would contribute to minimizing power consumption, retarding water temperature change, and would be convenient to adjust the quality and quantity independently in the looped-pipe heat supply networks.     

Architecture Water-saving Design and Building Technique of Sponge Yard

The reclaimed water that we can use in daily life accounts for as much as 35 %,but we do not give it enough concern.The authors focus on the design methods and approaches of green buildings,which refer to water saving and environmental protection.In this paper,the authors illustrate the generating channels of reclaimed water in architecture design:rainwater collection integration design,sewage zero discharge of reclaimed water reused by biological technology,and sponge yard,thereby protecting environment.     

中亚食品车间节能减排措施

对中亚食品研发中心(有限公司)车间节能减排措施进行统计分析。统计结果显示,喷淋杀菌机冷却水的循环利用使工厂生产节约水160 m3/班次,直接节约经费355.2元/班次;蔬菜罐头的清洗浸泡用水工艺经改良后,现在可以浸泡黄瓜7~8 t/m3;车间安装高压杀菌锅后,天然气的使用量由2 000 m3/d降至200 m3/d,直接节约2 754元/d;车间照明节能系统的整改大大降低了工厂的用电量;环保节能包装材料EVOH的应用降低了生产运输成本,又符合环保卫生。中亚食品企业车间节能减排措施显著提高企业系统能效。     

The Study on Crack in the External Thermal Insulation System

采用钙制剂对鸡蛋进行涂膜处理,并将其置于30℃条件下贮藏,以蛋清哈夫单位、pH值和鸡蛋感官变化等为指标,研究涂膜对其贮藏效果的影响.试验结果表明,钙制剂处理的鸡蛋蛋清哈夫单位、pH值变化均低于PVA处理及空白对照处理;此外,钙制剂处理的蛋壳表面色泽,光亮度、蛋壳强度也优于其它处理.     

Analysis of the Temperature Limit of Dynamic Water Intake of Open loop Surface Water Source Heat Pump Systems

Energy consumption of water intake is one of the key factors for energy saving in the application of the open loop surface water heat pump system. An energy efficiency ratio coupling model for open loop surface water source heat pump systems was established on the basis of the energy consumption model for the water intake and the heat pump units. According to energy saving rate and regulation of energy consumption of water intake, dynamic temperature limits of water intake in different water supply temperature of cooling tower and different pump head were proposed so as to find a calculation method of temperature limits of water intake of open loop surface water heat pumps. Moreover, the energy saving rate of surface water source heat pump systems compared with traditional air conditioning systems under various condition was also calculated.     

The determination method of limit energy consumption of water supply in open-loop surface water source heatpump systems

For the open-loop surface water source heat pump systems, energy consumption of water supply is the key factor for energy saving of system. On the basis of energy consumption model of heat pump unit and energy consumption model of water supply etc., open-loop surface water source heat pump system energy efficiency ratio coupling model is established. Based on energy efficiency ratio,the coupling limit value of surface water source heat pump system in different temperature of water supply and different energy consumption of water supply is obtained.Through the actual case, energy saving rate of the system is calculated in different temperatures of water supply and different system modes. And the determination method of the limit energy consumption of water supply of open-loop surface water source heatpump systems is established.     

分蘖和乳熟期控制灌溉对水稻生长和产量的影响

为了合理的制定水稻控灌灌溉制度,开展了单生育期内水分控制灌溉对水稻生长影响的试验研究。在水稻分蘖(FN)和乳熟期(RS)分别以土壤饱和含水量的80%(FN1,RS1)和90%(FN2,RS2)作为灌溉下限进行控制灌溉。结果表明：与常规浅湿灌溉相比,生育期水分控制灌溉可以减少该生育期内灌水次数和灌水量,控制灌溉停止后,分蘖期处理水稻需水出现补偿效应,乳熟期则不明显;控制灌溉不利于水稻株高生长,有利于增加每穗粒数和每穗实粒数,对千粒重影响不明显;控制灌溉节水效应显著,但同时减产作用也十分明显,FN1、FN2、RS1和RS2处理分别节水21.1%,16.2%,29.4%和18.1%,减产27.8%,26.8%,29.5%和19.2%;分蘖期控制灌溉减产作用大于节水作用,灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)显著下降,较对照处理降低8.5%~12.7%,乳熟期控制灌溉IWUE和对照差异不显著。因此,从生产角度来讲,当灌溉水水资源匮乏需要控制灌溉时,为了提高IWUE,宜在乳熟期适当控灌,而分蘖期不宜控制灌溉。     

谷物冷却机低温储粮节能技术

依据10多年的谷冷机应用经验,以理论结合实践的方式,对谷物冷却机低温储粮节能技术要点进行分析、总结,供大家在生产应用中参考。     

氮气气调对不同水分大豆储藏效果研究

研究了在26℃的恒温条件下,不同水分含量大豆充氮气调与常规储藏大豆品质指标的变化情况。试验表明:在26℃的储藏条件下,水分含量仍然是影响大豆品质变化的首要因素。当大豆水分含量低于安全水分时,是否充氮对大豆的发芽率、油脂酸值、霉菌带菌量、霉菌菌相影响很小,大豆的品质可以得到较好的保持。当大豆水分含量略高于安全水分时,充氮可以很好地延缓大豆发芽率的下降、油脂酸值的升高,但对霉菌变化的影响较小。当大豆水分远高于安全水分时,充氮对延缓大豆发芽率下降有一定作用,对油脂酸值和霉菌带菌量、霉菌菌相的影响不明显。     

Determination of Papacity of Ice Making Chiller

How to optimize ice storage fraction and determine ice making mode a common method of selecting capacity of chillers now. In view of this situation, a new kind of method on determining of ice making mode of chiller is introduced according to types of chiller and ice storage. Formula of capacity of chiller are given under the full storage, partial storage and chiller priority control, partial storage and ice priority control. The important conclusion that ice storage fraction is independent on capacity of chiller under specified control is obtained. It is very important to determine properly capacit of chiller and ice making mode in order to design reasonably ice storage system. An engineering example is discussed in detail.     

Experiment Research of Recycle the CondensateWater of Split Air-conditioner

In allusion to waste and irregularity emissions of the condensate water of split air-conditioner,with the actual energy saving potential to recycle the condensate water use for precool the inlet air of condenser, the author by means of make a device to recycle and precool the condensate water, then apply this device to split air-conditioner of a laboratory, and experiments are conducted. The computation and analysis results showed that before and after equipped with the precooled device, COP of the conditioner increasing 12.94% and 9.52% respectively under the conditions which applying sufficient cold water or produced condensate water by itself. Meanwhile, a certain gap of quantity between the produced condensate water and the cool water demanded was discovered, the former only account to 56.26% of the latter. In the end, combine the experiment condition and results to give some corresponding suggestions so as to the application and popularization of the precooled device.     

Studies on the Type Selection of the Filling and Emptying System of Yingpan Lock on Wujiang River

Yingpan lock is the highest single level lock at present in China with a working head of 36.5m.This paper presents a regulation tank lock scheme and the water saving lock scheme to settle the valve hydraulics problem caused by high water head.By analyzing and comparing of the general single level lock,the regulation tank lock and the water saving lock,it is concluded that not only the recommended water saving lock can satisfy the design and the correlated operation requirements,reduce the valve work head by a half to simplify value hydraulics problem,but the water saving is possible at least by 48.6% in one ship passage through the lock.     

Energy Saving and Optimization of the Municipal Water-supply Systems

This paper describes the familiar ways for the energy saving of the municipal water-supply systems and the basic methodologies for the optimal pump operations. A recommendation of the most-used nonlinear programming and the lately developed genetic algorithm of the water distribution systems is also provided. Advantages and disadvantages of each approach are presented,along with the comment of the corresponding applications.At the last part of this paper, the author puts forward his suggestions, at the basis of the summary and conclusion of energy saving and optimization of the municipal water-supply systems.Through this paper, the author hopes to review the state of existing ways and methodologies of the water-supply systems,and to recognize the future work that for us to do.     

东北严寒地区农村生活用能基线调研与零碳发展路径研究

为了探究碳中和目标愿景对中国农村能源供给体系发展带来的深远影响,本研究通过对中国东北严寒农村地区调研,总结分析了农村生活用能消费特点。结果表明：受气候条件影响,东北地区农村人均年生活用能消费达(0.99±0.40) tce,冬季采暖用能占比达(79.4±4.9)%,主要以秸秆、薪柴及煤炭资源消耗为主,建筑围护结构保温性差,低效传统炉灶仍普遍存在。针对农村地区气候特征、资源禀赋、居住方式与能源需求趋势,基于生物质及太阳能等资源利用,采用多能互补、多元化供应模式,提出了在碳中和目标愿景下,“分户式秸秆成型燃料取暖+建筑节能+分布式太阳能光伏”,以及“秸秆打捆直燃集中供暖+分布式太阳能光伏+建筑节能+分户式省柴节能炉灶”的技术应用模式,并对4个示范村节能减排能力的提升进行估算分析,预计年生活用能节能占比可达(39.7±5.1)%,碳减排量可分别提高5.7倍、66.6倍、24.1倍和15.6倍。     

烤烟烘烤技术现状与发展趋势

烘烤是烟叶生产的重要技术环节。本文针对我国烤烟烘烤技术现状,分析了当前存在的问题,展望了今后的发展方向,指出烘烤技术要实现精准控制,彰显特色烟叶的本质风格。要因地制宜实现烘烤环节的机械化。要重视节能降耗,使用清洁能源。统一烤房设备标准、完善技术规范,为现代烟草农业和专业化烘烤的发展奠定理论基础。     

温度势差驱动玉米去水试验研究

从能势转换的角度探讨谷物节能干燥工艺,即利用自然界自身存在的温度势差驱动谷物水分气化、迁移和扩散,达到去除高水分玉米水分和提高粮温的目的,并通过试验验证了该方法的可行性,为烘干机高效节能设计提供基础数据。     

Pump Selection in the Secondary Pump Station of Water Works

In this paper, the suitable conditions of using constant speed pumps, variable speed pumps or combination of both in the secondary pump station of water works are analyzed. Then, from the point view of energy saving and based on the principle of high efficiency operation, the method for selecting pumps in the secondary pump station of water works is provided. Eventually, the method is examined with examples.