人工湿地处理农业径流研究

为了处理农业径流的污染,本研究采用水平潜流人工湿地对农业径流进行处理试验,以减轻河流污染。结果表明,进水流量2.5m3/d运行条件下,水平潜流人工湿地有较好的处理效果。潜流人工湿地CODcr、TN、NH4+-N、TP的平均去除率均分别达到49.65%,51.37 %,56.24% 和59.12%;潜流人工湿地系统的出水CODcr、TN、NH4+-N、TP平均含量分别达到Ⅱ类水质的含量,Ⅴ类水质的含量, ,Ⅱ类水质的含和Ⅳ类水质的含量。通过对人工湿地处理系统影响因素分析表明：进水流量的控制非常关键,适宜的进水流量处理效果最佳。     

Phosphorus Removal Mechanisms in Constructed Wetland under Stochastic Intermittent Inflow

Phosphorus removal and is mechanisms by horizontal subsurface(HSSF) constructed wetland to treat simulated runoff under stochastic inflow condition have been investigated based on an experiment study. The results indicate that under stochastic inflow condition and with constant inflow rate of nominal hydraulic retention time of 36 h, the removal rate of the experimental HSSF constructed wetland for total phosphorus(TP) and total phosphorus(DTP) are 59.3% and 29.8％ respectively, and the yearly removal load for TP and DTP are 13.826 and 3.310 g·m-2·a-1 respectively. Removal of phosphorus by macrophytes assimilation is 1.816 g·m-2·a-1, which makes up 13.2％ of the TP removal and 54.85％of the TDP removal in the constructed wetland. It is indicated that macrophytes assimilation is not the main mechanism for the removal of total phosphorus while it has significant effect on the removal of dissolved phosphorus. The main mechanism for phosphorus removal by the constructed wetland are phosphorus retention in sediments accumulated in the substrates and adsorption by the substrates. The yearly phosphorus retention in sediments accumulated in the substrates is 5.372 g·m-2·a-1, which contributes to 38.9% of the total phosphorus removal. And yearly phosphorus adsorption by the substrates is 6.640 g·m-2·a-1 , which contributes to 48.0% of the total phosphorus removal.     

微污染水源人工湿地处理效果与植物作用分析

采用水平流人工湿地系统对沉砂后的微污染水源水进行了预处理试验,考察了处理效能与湿地植物作用。结果表明：水平流人工湿地系统对COD,TP,TN和NH4+-N平均去除率分别为49.89%,50.44%,53.41%和48.45%;湿地植物作用研究表明：一方面,植物通过吸收直接去除氮、磷,在生长季节作用更明显。而且在床体前部植物生长效果略好于后部,对氮、磷吸收也略高于后部。另一方面植物根系可以过滤、截留去除水中污染物,并为微生物提供附着表面,从而发挥了微生物的降解作用,这在人工湿地系统起重要的作用。     

北京翠湖人工湿地污水净化的效果分析

通过在北京翠湖构建人工湿地来处理污染水体,研究该人工湿地对pH、浊度、CODcr、TN、TP的去除作用。从人工湿地对污染物的去除效果来看,浊度、CODcr、TN和TP运行3月的平均去除率分别为42.659%、7.161%、25.583%和24.662%。结果表明,翠湖人工湿地处理的水体中pH随时间变化而有所降低,出水口pH值逐渐得到改善。翠湖人工湿地5个不同时间段（2009-6-3、2009-6-26、2009-7-9、2009-7-29、2009-8-17）浊度的平均去除率分别为66.459%、62.562%、33.343%、6.616%、44.314%。翠湖人工湿地对CODcr的去除率随时间变化有较小波动,5个时间段平均去除率分别为4.347%、4.716%、10.748%、9.370%、6.622%。TN平均去除率分别为15.465%、27.669%、30.507%、33.177%、21.098%,TP平均去除率分别2.688%、49.790%、21.538%、13.580%、35.714%。     

Discussion on the Combined Domestic Wastewater Treatment Installation

This paper sums up and analyzes the combined domestic wastewater treatment installation. The significance of existence and the effect of its treatment were affirmed. Some problems at present were pointed out. Suggestions on its research, manufacture and operation as well as its standardization and serialization are presented.     

人工湿地植物应用现状与问题分析

为了在人工湿地设计与施工时更好地确定植物类型,在分析中国目前人工湿地植物的主要应用类型的基础上,提出了水生类型、湿生类型、陆生类型的人工湿地植物分类新方法。同时,对人工湿地不同植物品种和不同季节的去污效果研究进行综述,最后分析出人工湿地植物研究存在着应用的植物种类少、景观价值低、受环境影响大、二次污染、植物净化机制有待进一步加强了解的5个主要问题,并提出研究发展的3个方向。     

Study on Start-up of the Combined Variable-Velocity Bio-filter for Advanced Wastewater Treatment

A full scale experiment was conducted on the start up of bio filter for advanced wastewater treatment. Under the low or high organic loading rate condition, the lasted time of starting up, primary contamination removal efficiency and influence of following operation were contrasted in the duration of bio filter starting up. Meanwhile, the starting up characteristics of the bio film were analyzed.     

升流式厌氧生物滤池与温室型人工湿地组合对农村生活污水处理的研究

针对中国农村分布分散、资金短缺,缺乏污水处理专业人员,而农村污水处理又是亟待解决的环境问题这一现状,笔者研究升流式厌氧生物滤池（UAF）与温室型人工湿地组合工艺低气温下处理农村生活污水的运行特点及效果。结果表明：UAF的最佳水力停留时间（HRT）为12 h,容积负荷0.632~0.936 kg/(m3?d),COD的平均去除率为56%,室外气温在-5~10℃（冬春）,温室型人工湿地的最佳HRT为3天,组合工艺COD总去除率平均为75%,BOD5总去除率平均达到84%,SS总去除率平均不低于93%,氨氮总去除率平均为63%,TP总去除率平均为46%,出水水质除TP外均满足GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》1级B标准。该工艺具有低能耗、低投资、低运行费用、运行维护简单等优点,适合作为农村生活污水的处理工艺推广使用。     

我国重点流域农村生活污水处理现状及其技术研究

摘要：针对我国农村生活污水直接排放已经严重影响我国农村水环境质量这一现状,介绍了目前国内外农村生活污水处理技术及设施,从适合我国农村的以村落或居民点为单位进行生活污水处理的思维入手,介绍了我国现今经济发达地区和重点流域的生活污水处理技术的原理、特点及其应用现状;继而提出适合我国农村生活污水处理技术的设计原则。     

应用硅藻土处理废水研究概述

水环境污染治理的问题是当前环保领域研究的热点问题。硅藻土因其比表面积大、吸附能力强等优点,近年来在废水处理领域得到了广泛应用,硅藻土的储量丰富、价格低廉等特点也使得其在废水处理领域具有比较广阔的应用前景。本文在介绍硅藻土的性质和吸附机理的基础上,综述了近年来国内外将硅藻土应用于处理含重金属离子废水、印染废水、造纸废水、含油废水、城镇污水等废水处理领域的研究进展,最后总结归纳了目前硅藻土处理废水研究的不足,并对硅藻土在废水处理领域的应用前景进行了展望。文章能够为相关领域研究的开展提供信息和研究思路。     

人工湿地脱氮现状与研究进展

为了提高脱氮效率,强化废水脱氮处理效果,在总结大量文献的基础上,深入探讨了人工湿地中主要的氮去除机理--硝化反硝化脱氮,分析了影响湿地脱氮效率的主要因素,如溶解氧、pH、温度、微生物、基质等,综述了人工湿地脱氮的现状,并提出了人工湿地脱氮的研究进展以及研究方向的主要方向是：提高溶解氧含量,控制优化pH、温度等参数,增加微生物数量,研发新型高效的基质等。研究不足在于对近几年发展起来的其他脱氮技术,如短程硝化反硝化,同时硝化反硝化等未进行综述讨论,对脱氮反应模型也缺少讨论,还需通过总结大量文献以及实验论证其他的脱氮技术,提出脱氮反应模型。     

Diffusion Kinetics of Reaction Between Aluminum Melts and Amorphous Silica

The microstructures and kinetics of reaction between aluminum and amorphous silica are investigated by making use of advantages of silica glass's larger dimension.Al/Al2O3 composite microstructures can be synthesized by longer time reaction and the diffusion transit layer is discovered between aluminum melts and the Al/Al2O3 composite layer.The growth kinetics of diffusion transit layer and Al/ Al2O3 composite layer are also measured and discussed.The effect of silicon element on the diffusion transit layer and the composite layer' kinetics is discussed and parabola growth kinetics of Al/Al2O3 composite layer is determined.     

Research Status of Dyeing Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater of dyeing industry has complicated constituents, and usually contains many kinds of dyes. It has deep tinct and strong toxicity, and it is difficult to decompose it. Its pH value fluctuates widely, and it has high concentration and large water quantity.The development status of the dyeing wastewater treatment inside and outside China is introduced, and the physics method, chemical method, physical chemistry method and biological method are stated in detail. The applicable conditions and treating effect of the four methods are listed and the advantages and disadvantages are concluded.     

Demonstration Engineering Research on Constructed Wetland for Purifying Urban Wastewater

Under the conditions that HRT is 4d without any measures to strengthen the system, after adding enhanced phosphorus removal materials,the system effluent TP removal efficiency increased by an average of about 8.36%; he system total nitrogen concentration with the flow direction of the wetlands has shown a downward trend, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the system in addition to hydrolysis at the second point is the point to increase the pool of water , the rest remain the same as the concentration of TN system flow direction showing a downward trend; the concentration of organic matter in sewage along the flow direction showing adecreasing trend, the first and the second paragraph of wetlands plays a major role to removal the concentration of organic matter, in addition to amount of 72.78% removal of total organic matter concentration.     

水力停留时间对人工湿地运行的影响

通过室内模拟水平潜流式人工湿地和水平均匀布水方式观察人工湿地出水水质,设置了4 个实验方案,分析其对COD、TN和TP 的去除效果,以确定最佳水力停留时间。结果表明：水力停留时间为3 天时湿地对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别是54.04%、65.83%和80.79%;当水力停留时间为2 天时湿地对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别是75.93%、74.97%和77.34%;当水力停留时间为1 天时人工湿地对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别是73.19%、56.20%和73.36%;当水力停留时间为0.5 天时人工湿地对COD、TN和TP 的平均去除率分别是46.46%、34.91%和47.04%。若只关注人工湿地出水水质,采用水力停留时间为2天时,可以保证其出水水质达到《地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838—2002)》Ⅴ类标准。     

Orthogonal Experiments on Reclaimed Water Treatment by Coagulation Sedimentation and Constructed Wetland in Green Building

Orthogonal experiments were carried out for high grade gray water treated by combinational technique of coagulation sedimentation and constructed wetland. With the orthogonal experiment of coagulation sedimentation pre treatment, it is shown that the regression equations relating to effluent BOD5, cubage loads(Nv), temperature(T) and PAC addition dosage(ρ) is BOD5=2.05Nv-0.41T-0.82ρ+38.9. For the orthogonal experiment of constructed wetland post treatment, it is shown that the regression equations relating to effluent BOD5, cubage loads(NA), and temperature(T) is BOD5=1 190 NA-0.32T+12.2. Based on the two orthogonal regression equations, combined with reclaimed water quantity requirements in different seasons in buildings, an investment optimization model of combinational technique was established. According to the model, the reasonable scale of the reclaimed water treatment systems can be determined and treatment efficacy can be well predicted.     

Progress of Respirometry in Wastewater Biological Treatment

The consumption of oxygen is the most significant biological response in wastewater biological treatment,and the OUR(Oxygen Uptake Rate) of microorganism can be obtained by respirometry.So the respirometry becomes a valuable means for the theoretical research and process operation administration of wastewater biological treatment.The(progress) of respirometry is reviewed and the advantage and disadvantage of each are evaluated.The basic principle and difficulty in implementation of "ultimate" hybrid respirometer are emphasized and also the drawbacks of simpler hybrid respirometer being used presently are discussed.Finally the implementary approach for the development of hybrid respirometer with higher precision by designing novel systems of reactors and temperature control is put forward and the initial result is shown.