微污染水源人工湿地处理效果与植物作用分析

采用水平流人工湿地系统对沉砂后的微污染水源水进行了预处理试验,考察了处理效能与湿地植物作用。结果表明：水平流人工湿地系统对COD,TP,TN和NH4+-N平均去除率分别为49.89%,50.44%,53.41%和48.45%;湿地植物作用研究表明：一方面,植物通过吸收直接去除氮、磷,在生长季节作用更明显。而且在床体前部植物生长效果略好于后部,对氮、磷吸收也略高于后部。另一方面植物根系可以过滤、截留去除水中污染物,并为微生物提供附着表面,从而发挥了微生物的降解作用,这在人工湿地系统起重要的作用。     

人工湿地处理农业径流研究

为了处理农业径流的污染,本研究采用水平潜流人工湿地对农业径流进行处理试验,以减轻河流污染。结果表明,进水流量2.5m3/d运行条件下,水平潜流人工湿地有较好的处理效果。潜流人工湿地CODcr、TN、NH4+-N、TP的平均去除率均分别达到49.65%,51.37 %,56.24% 和59.12%;潜流人工湿地系统的出水CODcr、TN、NH4+-N、TP平均含量分别达到Ⅱ类水质的含量,Ⅴ类水质的含量, ,Ⅱ类水质的含和Ⅳ类水质的含量。通过对人工湿地处理系统影响因素分析表明：进水流量的控制非常关键,适宜的进水流量处理效果最佳。     

潜流人工湿地基质因素对农业径流净化作用的研究

为了研究人工湿地基质在处理农业径流中的作用,对农业径流人工处理湿地中的基质展开研究。结果表明:人工湿地基质能够吸附水中一定的污染物质,成熟基质基质具有很强的污染物降解能力,对水中污染物的去除发挥重要作用。湿地基质对实验农业径流的COD、TN、TP和NH4+-N的去除率分别为41%,50%,49%和%52%。出水中CODcr、TN、TP、NH4+-N含量分别达到Ⅱ类水质的含量,Ⅴ类水质的含量, Ⅴ类水质的含量,类水质的含和Ⅲ类水质的含量。     

水力停留时间对人工湿地运行的影响

通过室内模拟水平潜流式人工湿地和水平均匀布水方式观察人工湿地出水水质,设置了4 个实验方案,分析其对COD、TN和TP 的去除效果,以确定最佳水力停留时间。结果表明：水力停留时间为3 天时湿地对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别是54.04%、65.83%和80.79%;当水力停留时间为2 天时湿地对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别是75.93%、74.97%和77.34%;当水力停留时间为1 天时人工湿地对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别是73.19%、56.20%和73.36%;当水力停留时间为0.5 天时人工湿地对COD、TN和TP 的平均去除率分别是46.46%、34.91%和47.04%。若只关注人工湿地出水水质,采用水力停留时间为2天时,可以保证其出水水质达到《地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838—2002)》Ⅴ类标准。     

升流式厌氧生物滤池与温室型人工湿地组合对农村生活污水处理的研究

针对中国农村分布分散、资金短缺,缺乏污水处理专业人员,而农村污水处理又是亟待解决的环境问题这一现状,笔者研究升流式厌氧生物滤池（UAF）与温室型人工湿地组合工艺低气温下处理农村生活污水的运行特点及效果。结果表明：UAF的最佳水力停留时间（HRT）为12 h,容积负荷0.632~0.936 kg/(m3?d),COD的平均去除率为56%,室外气温在-5~10℃（冬春）,温室型人工湿地的最佳HRT为3天,组合工艺COD总去除率平均为75%,BOD5总去除率平均达到84%,SS总去除率平均不低于93%,氨氮总去除率平均为63%,TP总去除率平均为46%,出水水质除TP外均满足GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》1级B标准。该工艺具有低能耗、低投资、低运行费用、运行维护简单等优点,适合作为农村生活污水的处理工艺推广使用。     

A Study of Residential Grey Water Treated by Subsurface Horizontal Constructed Wetland

Ceramsite and natural zeolite were used as mixed substrates in subsurface horizontal constructed wetland which is planted with Yellow flag to investigate the treatment efficiency of real residential grey water, Inflow rate was 50l/d, HRT was 2d. The wetland reduced COD, NH3-N, TN, TP and turbidity from 164mg/l,4.3mg/l,5.2mg/l,0.44mg/l,82.4NTU to 70 mg/l, 1.07 mg/l, 2.07 mg/l, 0.33 mg/l, 7.27NTU, removal efficiency was respectively 57.32%,75.19%,60.26%,24.24%,91.18%,and have a good performance in COD,NH3-N,TN, turbidity treatment. Used synthetic grey water to study different HRT effect of wetland. Increasing HRT could be increase the wetland ability of COD, NH3-N removal. When the HRT was 3d, the wetland had the best decontamination effect. The removal efficiency of COD,NH3-N,TN,TP,turbidity was respectively 68.46%,81.75%,66.67%,34%,86.91%.     

HRT Effects on Biological Nutrient Removal in Spiral Up-flow Reactor System

Overall effects of HRT ( 11 h, 9 h, 8 h, 6 h ) on the Spiral up-flow reactor (SUFR) system are analyzed. The results of the operation under different HRT condition shows that the removal efficiencies of COD, TN and TP decreased not obviously with decreasing HRT when HRT is longer than 8h. Anaerobic retention time, anoxic retention time and aerobic retention time were 1.51 h,2.25 h and 4.24 h,respectively. The removal efficiencies of COD, TN and TP is kept over 93%,87% and 90.2%, respectively. Although the removal efficiencies changed obviously when the HRT was 6 h. Anaerobic retention time, anoxic retention time and aerobic retention time are 1.13 h,1.69 h and 3.18 h,respectively. COD-removal efficiency is always up to 85%, the removal efficiencies of TN and TP is kept over 76% and 72%,also has upper removal efficiencies. It is indicated that the SUFR system, which is similar to plug-flow-reactor, has strong stability and can compensate negative effects of increasing hydraulic loading.     

Performance Study of Constructed Rapid Infiltration in Three-Gorges Reservoir Region

The hydraulic loading and wet/dry(W/D) ratio,which are two important indexes in the constructed rapid infiltration,can affect the removal effect.Presently,the domestic experimental reports about the hydraulic loading and(W/D) ratio aiming at the Three-Gorges Reservoir Region is rather scarce.This article studies some pertinent hydraulic loadings and W/D ratios suitable for the Region.The authors emphatically research the effect of CRI treating COD,TN and TP in the sewage under four hydraulic loadings and three different W/D ratios.It is suggested that when the temperature is ascending,the W/D ratio can be risen to some extent.The variations of loading and ratio can affect the COD,TP removal effect a little,but affect the TN removal effect much.The experimental conclusions can provide evidence to the application of constructed rapid infiltration in the Three-Gorges Reservoir Region.     

北京翠湖人工湿地污水净化的效果分析

通过在北京翠湖构建人工湿地来处理污染水体,研究该人工湿地对pH、浊度、CODcr、TN、TP的去除作用。从人工湿地对污染物的去除效果来看,浊度、CODcr、TN和TP运行3月的平均去除率分别为42.659%、7.161%、25.583%和24.662%。结果表明,翠湖人工湿地处理的水体中pH随时间变化而有所降低,出水口pH值逐渐得到改善。翠湖人工湿地5个不同时间段（2009-6-3、2009-6-26、2009-7-9、2009-7-29、2009-8-17）浊度的平均去除率分别为66.459%、62.562%、33.343%、6.616%、44.314%。翠湖人工湿地对CODcr的去除率随时间变化有较小波动,5个时间段平均去除率分别为4.347%、4.716%、10.748%、9.370%、6.622%。TN平均去除率分别为15.465%、27.669%、30.507%、33.177%、21.098%,TP平均去除率分别2.688%、49.790%、21.538%、13.580%、35.714%。     

Effect of Waterscape Structures on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Efficiency in Revetment Wetland System

The effect of aeration and waterscape structures reaeration system on nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency in revetment wetlands was studied by laboratory simulation. The results showed that the removal efficiency of TN, TP in tranquil flow waterscape was 61% and 72%; aeration and waterscape structure system promoted nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency in revetment wetland through increasing the DO content in the water, compared with system without artificial oxygen, the removal efficiency of TP in waterscape structures increased by 11. 6%-19. 1%, and that of TN increased by 10.5%-16. 1%; meanwhile, disturbance brought by the waterscape structure systems enhanced the adsorption of TP and flocculation effect; in addition, nitrification was confirmed as the main control step of TN removal in revetment wetland system.     

武河湿地水体富营养化状况分析

对山东省临沂市武河湿地的实地考察及水样采样,并对水体中的N、P、COD、BOD等水质指标进行测定与分析,试验结果证明武河人工湿地对TN、COD、BOD的去除率分别为55%、76%与70%,对P的去除率较低。武河湿地8个采样点的TN平均浓度为26.55 mg/L,TP平均浓度为0.125 mg/L。根据Thomas的水体富营养化程度划分标准分析,武河湿地水体的总磷与总氮含量均处于“富”级富营养化程度,所以武河湿地水体富营养化程度整体较高,对污水处理潜力未能得到充分发挥。     

几种水生植物净化能力比较

通过模拟人工湿地的方法测试了7种高等水生植物对农村生活污水的净化能力,旨在筛选合适的湿地植物。结果表明:有植物处理系统对COD、总氮和总磷的去除效果明显高于无植物对照,植物本身的氮磷累积作用对氮的去除贡献为7%~63%,磷的去除贡献为12%~65%。多数测试植物对氮磷的富集量茎叶高于根系。不同植物的净化能力也有较大差异,从强到弱的顺序依次为芦竹>荻>菖蒲>芦苇>水生鸢尾>千屈菜>野慈姑。聚类分析结果显示这7种植物明显分为3类,其中,芦竹单独为一类,此类植物净化能力强;菖蒲、芦苇和荻为一类,此类植物净化能力较强;水生鸢尾、千屈菜和野慈姑为一类,此类植物净化能力较弱。     

Treatment of wastewater from ABS condensation drying section by BAC-SBR reactor

Wastewater from ABS condensation drying section is treated by biological activated carbon-sequencing batch reactor (BAC-SBR), and degradation process of the toxic and hazardous pollutants in ABS wastewater is studied significantly by using UV-visible spectrum and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the treatment process of ABS wastewater by BAC-SBR contained three phases of adsorption, bioregeneration and completion. The COD and TOC removal efficiencies of ABS wastewater are both more than 85% after 180 min treatment in BAC-SBR reactor, and the analysis results of UV-vis and FTIR suggest that the toxic and hazardous pollutants i.e., aromatic compounds and organic nitriles in ABS wastewater can be decomposed and transformed efficiently by BAC-SBR reactor.     

石灰混凝+吹脱+CO2曝气联合对垃圾渗滤液的处理实验研究

为了有效降低垃圾渗滤液中高浓度的氨氮和有机污染物,以便降低后期生化处理的污染负荷,采用石灰混凝+吹脱+CO2曝气联合法对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,通过单因素实验研究CaO投加量、曝气时间、反应温度及气液比等因素对渗滤液中氨氮、COD以及UV254的去除效果的影响;通过正交实验研究综合处理效果最好的反应条件,并在正交实验后进行CO2曝气,以期降低实验后较高的pH和钙离子浓度。结果表明：氨氮去除率与各单因素呈正相关关系,COD及UV254的去除率与CaO投加量相关性较大。在正交试验得出的最佳混凝吹脱条件下,氨氮、COD、UV254的去除率分别能达到98.8%、60.2%、68.7%。进一步CO2曝气后,垃圾渗滤液pH由12.1降至6.8,钙离子浓度降低70.3%,COD去除率可达65.7%。     

Reduction of Urban Green Space on Stormwater Runoff Pollutant

In order to explore the effectiveness and feasibility of urban green space on regulating urban rainfall-runoff pollution, the simulated test of soil column was adopted to study the effects of vegetation cover, runoff pollution concentration, soil depth and groundwater, and hydraulic loading rate and residence time on reducing the pollutants by green space. The results indicate that green space has a good and stable ability to reduce three stormwater runoff pollution concentrations, which COD are 68, 137 and 550 mg/L, TN are 3.01, 7.51 and 30.06 mg/L, TP are 0.29, 0.69 and 2.73 mg/L, and NH+4 are 0.44, 1.61 and 2.19 mg/L respectively, with 3.5, 3.0 and 2.5 cm/h hydraulic loading rate respectively and continuous inflow 1h. The pollution reduction rates of COD, TN, TP and NH+4 by green space reach to 41.52%, 78.96% and 84.68%, 50.21%, 70.23% and 60.91%, 73.18%, 95.88% and 94.99%, and 62.72%, 55.16% and 69.98% respectively. Restricted by the soil reaeration capacity and hydraulic retention time, the effect of vegetation cover on pollution reduction rates of COD and TN is not significant. With the rainfall-runoff pollution concentration increased, the pollutant reduction rate of green space shows a gradually increasing trend. The reduction of green space on the stormwater runoff pollution mainly occurs in the soil depth of 35~65 cm. The reduction rate of each pollutant for the low, medium and high pollution concentration level decrease with the hydraulic loading rate increased.     

绿色植物对室内空气污染的净化作用

综述了绿色植物对室内空气污染物的净化效果、作用途径与转化机理、影响因素及植物的生理与分子耐受机理等方面的最新研究。不同室内观赏植物对室内挥发性有机污染物甲醛、苯系物(苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯)等的清除能力不同,且同种植物对不同室内污染物的净化具有选择特性。植物会吸收空气中的污染物,通过自身新陈代谢途径将其分解、转化或作为碳源同化,但不同处理下,相关代谢酶的作用并不相同,信号转导与代谢通路亟待深入研究。植物种类、空气污染物分子特性、气孔与角质层的成分、植物叶面积、光照条件与光合作用类型等均会影响植物的净化效率。植物对污染物的净化能力与自身对污染物的抵抗能力无明显正相关性。笔者认为还需进一步强化高效净化植物的筛选、深入研究复合污染问题与联合修复技术、改善实验装置、持续考察净化过程、加速代谢组学研究和生物技术应用,从而更有效地净化与美化环境。     

水蕹菜对富营养化养殖水的净化作用研究

为检测水蕹菜对富营养化水的净化能力,将水蕹菜漂浮栽培于富营养化水中,分析不同时间水质的变化。结果表明,漂浮栽培水蕹菜的水中,富营养化成分起初快速下降,20d后下降变缓,到40d时,化学需氧量降低了63.43%,总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮分别下降了67.63%、69.78%和75.75%,总磷、磷酸盐分别下降了62.24%和75.31%。水蕹菜生长速度在20d后开始下降。水蕹菜能有效净化富营养化养殖水。     

Removal Efficiency and Effect on Water Quality of Zeolite Enhanced Filtration

A new kind of filter media, zeolite, is used to enhance filtration for an improvement on tap water quality. The experimental results show that zeolite can remove not only turbidity but also ammonia-N and partial organic pollutants in water. In the experments, zeolite can remove about 65% of turbidity and over 10% of COD Mn , 95% of ammonia-N from water, the removal efficiencies of anianon detergent(LAS), chloroform and phenol are over 17.7%, 44.45% and 34% respectively, and metal ion contamination has not been found in filter effluence. Therefore, zeolite enhanced filtration is an efficiency and security method for an improvement on water quality.     

微生物菌剂处理猪场沼液效果研究

利用人工模拟活性污泥的方法,比较研究不同微生物菌剂对猪场沼液的净化效果,旨在研制适合处理猪场沼液的复合菌剂,为养殖废水无害化处理和资源化利用提供科学依据。试验结果表明：3种微生物菌剂对猪场沼液均具有一定的净化效果,能够较好地去除沼液生物需氧量、总磷、粪大肠菌群,最高去除率分别达到61.5%、83.0%、99.0%,发芽试验也证实植物毒性的良好去除效果,最高发芽率提高38.3个百分点,发芽指数提高45.2个百分点;对化学需氧量、氨氮、全盐量等指标均具有一定的去除效果,最高去除率发分别达到54.9%、48.4%、31.8%。综合评估,光合菌剂（PMP）处理效果优于复合菌剂（CMP）和发酵菌剂（FMP）。     

Demonstration Engineering Research on Constructed Wetland for Purifying Urban Wastewater

Under the conditions that HRT is 4d without any measures to strengthen the system, after adding enhanced phosphorus removal materials,the system effluent TP removal efficiency increased by an average of about 8.36%; he system total nitrogen concentration with the flow direction of the wetlands has shown a downward trend, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the system in addition to hydrolysis at the second point is the point to increase the pool of water , the rest remain the same as the concentration of TN system flow direction showing a downward trend; the concentration of organic matter in sewage along the flow direction showing adecreasing trend, the first and the second paragraph of wetlands plays a major role to removal the concentration of organic matter, in addition to amount of 72.78% removal of total organic matter concentration.