杨梅果实采后的衰老生理

采后的成熟杨梅在３－６天内出现明显的衰老代谢特征，表现为膜透性增加，超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ０活性下降，丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量上升，多胺（ＰＡｓ）含量下降。贮藏温度越高，衰老代谢指标的变化越强烈。多胺含量的变化还提示，在采后果实的多胺代谢中，可能存在着某种抗衰老的应激机制。     

钙与果实采后生理生化变化

钙是植物细胞内功能调节的第二信使。钙处理在延缓果蔬采后衰老方面,具有保持果实硬度、降低果实呼吸,减少乙稀释放和防止生理病害等作用。将浸钙处理与热处理相结合用于苹果贮藏,其保鲜效果明显优于任何一种单一处理。因此,钙对果蔬采后所产生的生理效应,正受到更加广泛的关注。本文就近年来有关钙处理对果实采后生理生化变化的影响作一综述。1钙处理对果实钙水平和果实硬度的影响采前或采后处理均可增加果实的钙水平,而果实硬度与果实中的钙水平呈正相关。较高的钙水平不仅能增加果实硬度,而且能延缓果实的软化。钙处理还影响钙在…     

鲜食中熟红皮石榴新品种江石榴的选育

江石榴是由枣庄市石榴研究中心和北京林业大学联合培育出的鲜食中熟红皮石榴良种。平均单果重445 g,果实扁圆球形,果皮红色。平均百粒重53.6 g,籽粒粉红色,味甜微酸。可溶性固形物含量16.7%,总酸含量1.75 g/kg,维生素C含量256.0 mg/kg,鲜果出汁率43.7%,自然条件下裂果率4%～6%。在山东省枣庄地区果实9月中下旬成熟,综合品质极佳。     

蔬菜采后的生理变化与保鲜

蔬菜在贮藏中仍然是有生命的机体,它需要抵抗不良环境和致病微生物的侵害,保持品质,减少损耗,延长贮藏期。因此,在贮藏中必须维持新鲜蔬菜的正常生命过程,尽量减少外观、色泽、重量、硬度、口味、香味等的变化,以达到保鲜的目的。为此,有必要针对蔬菜采后的生理变化采用相应的保鲜技术,促进我国蔬菜产业的健康发展。一、降低呼吸作用,延长贮藏期蔬菜在贮藏中要尽量降低呼吸强度,呼吸作用越旺盛,各种生理过程的变化越快,生命终止就越早,不利于贮藏。蔬菜呼吸强度的差异,视种类、品种、年龄而异。通常叶菜类呼吸强度最大,果菜类次之,直根、块…     

灵武长枣贮藏期间生理变化的研究

灵武长枣在贮藏期间失水严重;呼吸跃变高峰期出现在第6天;果皮叶绿素、有机酸、可溶性固形物含量总体上呈下降趋势,而维生素 C 的含量呈上升趋势,室温(18±2)℃贮藏6 d后其商业品质迅速下降.     

果实采后生理研究进展

呼吸、蒸腾和乙烯代谢是影响果实采后品质的三个主要生理因素。本文对这三个因素以及果实采后生理的研究进展进行了综述。     

桃果实采后生理研究综述

本文从桃果实采后呼吸作用和乙烯释放、膜质过氧化及活性氧代谢、果实软化及相关酶的作用、冷害生理、主要营养成分含量的变化等方面阐述了桃果实采后生理变化,旨在为提高桃果实贮藏保鲜效果提供参考。     

草莓果实的采后生理

草莓（Ｓｔｒａｗｂｅｒｒｙ）是一种经济价值很高的速生草本果树,其果实由发达的花托膨大形成。草莓果实柔软多汁,缺乏坚硬的保护性外皮,不耐贮运。本文就草萄果实的采后生理变化作一简述,旨在为贮藏保鲜提供参考。１．果实的呼吸作用和失水变化一般认为草萄是非呼吸跃变型果实。草莓采后自身呼吸强度大,且呈不断上升趋势,无明显呼吸高峰,４天后腐烂流水,其呼吸强度值比一般水果高２－３倍。草莓的呼吸作用,受环境温度影响大。用近冰点温度－０．５±０．２℃贮藏草莓与室温２０℃作比较呼吸强度从１４０．９３ＣＯ_２ｍｇ／Ｋｇ…     

桃采后及贮藏生理研究进展

从呼吸强度、激素、钙处理、热激处理、果肉褐变、波温贮藏、间歇升温贮藏、气调贮藏等8个方面综述了国内外近年来对桃采后及贮藏生理的研究状况。     

枇杷采后生理品质变化及贮藏技术

枇杷是重要经济果树,但是其果实采后极不耐贮藏,造成极大的经济损失。综述了枇杷采后生理品质变化研究,整理了近年来枇杷主要贮藏保鲜技术的研究进展,以期为生产实践提供参考。     

Effect of different temperatures on the storage of papaya fruits and respirational activity during storage

Mature papaya fruits were stored at 10 and 15°C to study the effect of these temperatures on the storage and of respirational activity during storage. Percentage weight loss of fruits increased with prolonged storage period, and the increase was greater in fruits stored at 15 than at 10°C. The decay percentage was greater at the higher temperature than at the lower temperature. Total soluble solids showed a slight and gradual increase upto the end of the storage period. The high storage temperature accelerated colour development in the peel and total chlorophyll diminished. There was an increase in total carotenoids in both the peel and the pulp as the storage period increased, and the rate of increase was greater at the higher temperature.The respiration rate was relatively low at the beginning of ripening and tended to level off until the 11th and 12th day of storage, which were followed by a striking increase until it reached its maximum rate at the over ripe stage.     

Chilling-injury in cucumber fruits. I. Effects of storage temperature on symptoms and physiological changes

Cucumber fruits transferred to a warm temperature after chilling displayed various symptoms of chilling-injury. In cucumbers chilled to 0°C, vertical fine wrinkles and/or shallow pitting was observed, while after chilling to 5°C deep pitting and/or surface depressions were apparent. Moreover, in the 0°C fruit compared with 5°C fruit, a higher $\text{210}\text{264}$ mμ UV absorption ratio of leakage substances during chilling was observed. These results suggest that the causes of chilling-injury in the 0°C and 5°C fruit are distinct from one another. Weight loss after chilling, the amount of leakage substances, the exudate content from the cut surface of the fruit, redox potential, titratable acidity and respiratory activity were also checked after periods of chilling of 3 to 15 days.     

贮藏过程中冬枣的生理变化

以冬枣白熟果和半红果为试材,研究在不同贮藏温度下枣果的相关生理变化.结果表明,在常温和低温下贮藏,枣果硬度下降均表现为前期缓慢,后期加快;低温能显著降低果实失水率;低温下果实呼吸速率和乙烯释放量均维持在较低水平,在整个贮藏期未见明显呼吸跃变高峰.初步认为,冬枣属非呼吸跃变型果实.     

Subatmospheric pressure storage of mango fruits

Ripening of mango fruit is markedly delayed when the pressure in the storage chamber is reduced below 100 mm Hg, and fruit storage life is thus prolonged. The prolongation of storage life is inversely related to the pressure; control fruit stored at 760 mm Hg started to ripen after 16 days in storage at 13°C, while fruit stored at 100 and 75 mm Hg after 25 and 35 days, respectively. Fruit stored at 50 mm Hg remained unripe for 35 days. No effect on ripening was recorded at pressures above 250 mm Hg, while at pressures below 50 mm Hg the fruit desiccated. All fruits stored at subatmospheric pressure ripened 3–4 days after transfer to shelf life at 25°C. However, green mango fruits of the colored cultivars like ‘Haden’ and ‘Maya’, stored at subatmospheric pressure for a prolonged period, did not develop the proper red or orange color during shelf-life, but turned pale yellow instead. Treatment with ethylene upon removal from storage slightly improved color development in these fruits.     

石榴试管嫁接技术研究

【目的】尝试建立高效的石榴试管嫁接技术体系,尝试解决根癌农杆菌介导的石榴遗传转化中再生的转化不定芽难以生根顺利发育成完整植株的问题。【方法】以‘突尼斯软籽’石榴试管实生苗为接穗‘,豫大籽’石榴试管实生苗为砧木,设置不同的砧穗组合进行嫁接;在添加不同浓度6-BA的培养基中进行嫁接,对嫁接成活的试管苗进行驯化移栽,统计嫁接成活率和移栽成活率。【结果】进行试管嫁接时适宜采用的接穗类型为带有4片叶片的茎尖,砧木类型为不带子叶的根和下胚轴连接体,嫁接成活率可达到73.33%;将四叶一心的‘突尼斯软籽’石榴嫁接至不带叶片的‘豫大籽’石榴,嫁接苗在添加1.5 mg·L~(-1)6-BA和0.1 mg·L~(-1)NAA的MS培养基上的生长效果最好,移栽成活率最高可达75.86%。【结论】研究所建立的石榴试管嫁接体系,为解决石榴遗传转化过程中不定芽生根困难提供了一条新的途径,并为通过基因工程手段进行石榴种质改良奠定基础。     

石榴果实成熟期不同品种果皮蛋白质表达的双向电泳分析

【目的】石榴果实色泽是影响果品商品价值的重要因素之一,但石榴果皮颜色形成的分子机制还不清楚。应用差异蛋白组学技术,从蛋白水平上探究石榴果实发育成熟期果皮的代谢进程。【方法】运用双向电泳和MALDI-TOFTOF MS质谱鉴定技术研究‘三白’石榴和‘中农红’石榴果实成熟时果皮蛋白质组学差异。【结果】分别对‘三白’、‘中农红’石榴进行2-DE和质谱鉴定,在‘三白’和‘中农红’石榴果皮的电泳图谱中发现每一张重复胶上分别可以检测到892个蛋白点和890个蛋白点,与‘中农红’相比,在‘三白’果皮图谱中共检测到36个表达量相差2倍以上的蛋白质点,相对于‘中农红’,‘三白’有13个蛋白质点上调表达,19个蛋白质点下调表达。通过质谱鉴定和数据库检索注释了4个蛋白质点。分别为半胱氨酸合酶1(sport 1402)、细胞色素b6-f复合体(sport 0013)、叶绿素a/b结合蛋白(sport 5108)及果糖激酶2-like(sport 0503)。【结论】细胞色素b6-f复合体(sport 0013)、叶绿素a/b结合蛋白(sport 5108)和果糖激酶2-like(sport 0503)可能与果皮颜色变化相关;半胱氨酸合酶1(sport 1402)可能对提高石榴的抗氧化胁迫能力起到了重要作用。为研究石榴果实发育蛋白质组学及改善石榴果实品质提供一定的理论依据。     

外源褪黑素处理对常温货架期梨果实贮藏品质的影响

【目的】明确褪黑素处理对采后常温货架期梨果实贮藏品质的影响。【方法】以新梨7号果实为试材,设置50、100、150、200、250μmol·L^-15个褪黑素浓度梯度处理,以清水处理为对照,测定了常温货架期果实失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、乙烯释放速率、香气物质种类和含量等指标。【结果】从处理后5、10、15和20 d的测定结果可以看出,与对照相比,褪黑素处理减少了梨果实内水分的消耗,果实的失重率升高的幅度小,果实硬度较高,150μmol·L^-1褪黑素处理失重率和果实硬度与对照差异达显著水平;褪黑素处理能够使新梨7号果实的可溶性固形物含量稳定,处理20 d时,不同浓度褪黑素处理可溶性固形物含量显著高于对照;褪黑素处理新梨7号果实的乙烯释放速率均低于对照,以150μmol·L^-1褪黑素处理最低,较对照减少了87.05%,差异显著;不同浓度褪黑素处理对新梨7号果实香气物质种类和含量存在差异,褪黑素处理能调节果实香气种类和含量。【结论】外源褪黑素处理可延缓新梨7号梨果实失水,保持果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量,减少乙烯释放。适宜浓度褪黑素处理可调节香气物质的种类和含量,保证常温货架期贮藏品质,综合认为,150μmol·L^-1浓度褪黑素处理能够有效延缓梨果实的衰老,处理效果最好。     

核桃休眠期伤流规律的研究

核桃伤流在整个休眠期中任何时间修剪均有发生。无论枝条粗细 ,剪后 7～ 10天内有不同程度的伤流从剪锯口大量流出 ,以后急剧减少 ,虽有波动 ,但没有大的高峰。核桃 1年生枝伤流量较少 ,其次是粗 3～ 5cm的枝 ,5cm以上枝伤流量较多 ,且持续的时间长。核桃伤流的多少 ,受当时气温、地温的影响较大     

高温短时热空气处理对枇杷品质和冷害的影响

为了研究高温短时热空气处理对枇杷果实冷害和品质的影响,采用45℃热空气2、3、4 h处理采后枇杷（解放钟）果实,分析冷藏（5℃）期间其品质和相关生理指标的变化。结果表明,经45℃3 h热处理的果实冷藏后品质最佳,冷害最轻。该处理能显著降低果实失重率、硬度和果皮难剥离程度的上升,保持较高的果肉出汁率;提高果实冷藏期间超氧...     

Effects of foliar application of calcium chloride and urea on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate fruits

The effects of urea and calcium chloride and their combinations on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pomegranate fruits were studied over 2 years. Aqueous solutions of urea at 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% and calcium chloride at 0%, 2% and 4% were applied on two branches of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv Malase-Yazdi) at full bloom (FB) and 1 month after full bloom (1MAFB) stages. Urea at concentrations of 1% and 2% significantly increased aril size, fruit length and diameter. Calcium chloride at concentrations of 2% and 4% significantly increased average fruit weight and ascorbic acid (AA) content. Both urea and calcium chloride increased soluble solid content (SSC) at all of the used concentrations. In the first time of spraying, higher level of treatments reduced titratable acidity (TA), but the second time of spraying did not significantly affect the TA.