果园杂草的化学防除技术

通过对冀中南部的果园的调查,发现果园常见的杂草主要有:马唐、狗尾草、牛筋草、稗草、香附子、黎、苍耳、马齿苋、龙葵、刺菜、看麦娘、大碗花、荠菜等.现根据生产实践经验,将果园杂草的化学防除技术介绍如下.     

桦褐孔菌Inonotus obliquus化学成分及药理作用

桦褐孔菌的化学成分包括多种三萜类、木质素类、黑色素类、叶酸衍生物、鞘氨脂类似物、甘露醇、多酚类、半单宁化合物、类固醇、生物碱、芳香物质等。桦褐孔菌可被用于治疗和防治多种疾病,主要药理作用包括：抗癌、抗氧化、降血糖、降血压、降血脂、治疗心血管疾病、抗菌、抗过敏、抗炎、增强免疫力、止痛、抗失眠、保肝、治疗消化系统疾病,还可用于治疗胃炎、胃溃疡、胃癌等,具有很高的药用价值。     

6种农药在温室和露地辣椒上消解动态及安全使用

采用气相色谱和高效液相色谱技术,在北方露地和冬春温室条件下分别测定了丙溴磷、甲氰菊酯、吡虫啉、乙酰甲胺磷、啶虫脒、三唑酮在辣椒上的残留消解动态和最终残留量。结果表明,温室条件下丙溴磷、甲氰菊酯、吡虫啉、乙酰甲胺磷、啶虫脒、三唑酮在辣椒上的原始沉积量分别为3.13、1.11、1.23、1.29、1.67、0.38mg·kg-1,分别比露地条件下高74.9%、3.7%、17.1%、27.7%、39.2%、111.1%;施药后1d温室辣椒上的残留量分别为3.78、1.27、1.88、1.36、2.85、0.58mg·kg-1,分别较原始沉积量高20.8%、14.4%、52.8%、5.4%、70.7%、52.6%。丙溴磷、甲氰菊酯、吡虫啉、乙酰甲胺磷、啶虫脒、三唑酮在北方冬春设施辣椒上的原始沉积量明显高于露地条件下的相应值,施药后1d的残留量比原始沉积量明显增加。北方冬春设施辣椒按照推荐剂量使用啶虫脒、三唑酮是安全的,使用甲氰菊酯是不安全的;丙溴磷、乙酰甲胺磷、吡虫啉应严格按照推荐剂量使用。     

一月盆景备忘录

观赏与心灵 自然美的树姿与虚心的感受,进入了您全家的生活范畴中,使您全家的生活,充满了喜悦、快乐,与充实感。不要忘了常跟您那些盆栽聊聊! 素材 1月的素材,除了杉、松、杜松、黑松、赤松、紫杜松、桧等松柏类外,还有榉、枫、榆榉、槭、椈、赤杨、姬桫椤等杂木类。花类方面则有皋月、梅、木瓜、石榴、海棠、长寿梅、深山海棠、杜鹃等。果实类有姬苹果、亦紫檀、落霜红等。装饰物有松竹梅、福寿草等。     

天鹰椒高产优质栽培的几点经验

天鹰椒自20世纪80年代初由日本引入河北武强县以来，至今已有近30a（年）的栽培历史，由当初几个村几公顷，扩展到现在包括武邑、景县、阜城、故城、深州、饶阳、安平、河间、献县、肃宁、盐山、任丘、霸州、泊头、东光、德州、宁津、平原、南宫、新河等毗邻县在内的近3000个行政村10万hm^2，天鹰椒高产优质栽培技术日趋成熟。     

科技文摘

火龙果矿质营养元素分布测定了火龙果植株各器官的氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、锌、硼、铁的含量。结果表明,花蕾的含氮量最高,茎的磷、钙、镁、硫、锌含量最高,果皮的钾、硼含量最高,根     

土壤营养专家隆力威~ 神邦~

生产工艺采用国际最先进的纳米螯合技术其肥效是普通有机肥的10～20倍研发生产销售选料精细、配方独特、世界领先、超高含量、药肥双效、营养全面、绿色有机、控释长效减少化肥用量,改土壤、防根腐、防小叶、保健康、提品质、增产量。内含强力解磷、解钾因子、活性酶(氨基酸、腐殖酸、钙、镁、硫、铁、硼、硒、锰、锌、硅等中微量元素     

韩国西瓜新品种--新汉城嘉年华

新汉城嘉年华是从韩国新汉城种苗股份有限公司引进的大瓜型西瓜新品种,经2002-2004年在上海、海南、广东、广西、云南、福建、江西、湖南、浙江、江苏、山东、东北等地试种,表现为长势旺、易栽培、品质上乘、含糖量高、瓜皮极韧、耐贮运,既可作大棚保护地栽培,也可作露地栽培,也适宜于海南地区冬季栽培的西瓜新品种.     

攀缘植物及其在城市中的应用

介绍了攀缘植物的类型、特点和作用，简要评述了重庆市常用的8种攀缘植物九重葛、紫藤、爬山虎、金银花、蔷薇、常绿油麻藤、栝楼、络石，及可应用的6种攀缘植物白木通、常春藤、香花崖豆藤、凌霄花、软枝猕猴桃、扶芳藤。     

大白菜的营养价值与保健功效

大白菜营养丰富,除含糖类、脂肪、蛋白质、粗纤维、钙、磷、铁、胡萝卜素、硫胺素、尼克酸外,还含丰富的维生素等,有"百菜不如白菜"、"冬日白菜美如笋"之说。大白菜中的维生素C可增加机体对感染的抵抗力,用于坏血病、牙龈出血、各种急慢性传染病的防治。维生     

生物因子对淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生的影响

研究了寄生蜂蜂龄、寄主密度和寄主饲料3个生物因子对淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生的影响。试验结果表明,1日龄和2日龄的淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生效果最好,寄生蜂和寄主按1：50寄生时寄生率最高。而由于不同寄主饲料水分和营养成分含量不同,对淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生也有明显的影响。     

丛枝菌根真菌影响蔬菜品质研究进展

丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌是一类具有重要生态意义和农业意义的微生物,它与宿主植物形成共生体后,能够显著改善宿主植物的营养。近年来研究表明,丛枝菌根真菌侵染蔬菜作物后还能明显改善蔬菜品质,其作用受到共生体系的种类、土壤理化特性和农艺措施的影响,其机制主要是蔬菜作物接种菌根真菌后,菌根真菌能改善宿主植物的养分状况,改变宿主植物的碳营养状况,影响宿主植物的酶代谢,改变植物的激素代谢及菌根真菌本身的异源作用。     

根结线虫与植物的分子互作

 根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp. ) 与植物的互作, 包括一系列的分子信号识别、调节及表达。在感病寄主中, 根结线虫通过分泌独特的食道腺分泌物来改变寄主植物基因的正常表达, 刺激植物根尖细胞形成高度专化的巨型细胞, 以满足自身生长和繁殖的需要; 在抗性植物中, 根结线虫能够引发植物抗性反应, 使植物抵抗线虫进一步侵染、转移或是防止其建立寄生关系。线虫的分泌物和寄主防御基因的表达产物在信号识别中起着重要的作用, 这种分子互作决定着寄主植物的抗、感性, 对于抗线虫育种和防治根结线虫具有重要的意义。根结线虫侵染早期植物的分子表达、线虫诱导的根部特异表达转录启动子, 以及线虫毒性基因与非毒性基因等方面将成为线虫与植物互作的研究方向。     

Anti-adenovirus effect of cinnamaldehyde

AIM: To investigate the anti-adenovirus effect of cinnamaldehyde in vitro. METHODS: The anti-adenovirus effect of cinnamaldehyde was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and virus proliferation inhibition experiment. The expression of hexon protein was measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The results of MTT and virus proliferation inhibition experiment showed that cinnamaldehyde enhanced the survival rate of the host cells, and decreased adenovirus titer by the ways of direct virus inactivation, anti-adenovirus in the stage of biosynthesis and adsorption of the adenovirus. The viability of the host cells had a positive correlation with the drug concentration under the condition of virus infection. Cinnamaldehyde did not block the virus uptake into host cells, and did not protect the host cells from infection. The expression of hexon protein was significantly lower (P<0.05) in cinnamaldehyde group than that in virus group.CONCLUSION: Cinnamaldehyde has anti-adenovirus effect, but can not directly protect host cells. The anti-adenovirus effect of cinnamaldehyde may be related with the inhibition of hexon protein expression.     

梨黑星病研究进展

从梨黑星病（Venturia nashicola）病原菌、发病条件、抗病机制、抗性遗传等方面对梨黑星病的研究进展进行了系统综述。梨黑星病的病原菌有2种,侵染中国梨的为纳雪黑星菌（Venturia nashicola Tanak et Yamamota）,侵染西洋梨的为梨黑星菌（Venturia pirina Aderh）;梨对黑星病的抗性呈显性遗传,抗病性对感病性为显性;目前,梨树对梨黑星病的抗性机理尚不清楚;通过分子标记标记出的抗梨黑星病基因Vnk,和Vf一样均在第1连锁群;通过多种育种手段已培育出一些抗梨黑星病品种并在生产中得以推广应用。     

Incidence and intensity of tree infestation by the mistletoe Erianthemum dregei (Eckl. & Zeyh.) V. Tieghem in Durban,South Africa

Relatively few studies have investigated mistletoe infestation of tree species in urban settings, and even fewer considered infestation of alien tree species. Here, mistletoe infestation incidence and intensity were studied in Durban, South Africa. The relationship of infestation to tree CBH and height was examined in detail for the mistletoe species Erianthemum dregei. Although E. dregei is known to have a wide range of host taxa, we report E. dregei infestation on 27 new host species for the first time. E. dregei occurred on 30 host species with a preference for the alien host tree Melia azedarach in our study area. The relationship between infestation and CBH indicated that the trees (irrespective of species) of ≥200 cm were more susceptible to the mistletoe attack. The implications of this pattern, as well as those of high host diversity and especially of infestation of alien trees are discussed in a conservation perspective.     

柑橘黄龙病菌亚洲种、虫媒及植物寄主互作研究进展

柑橘黄龙病(Citrus Huanglongbing,HLB)病原入侵寄主植物后不仅会对其代谢、激素调节、防卫反应等方面产生影响,同时,木虱获菌后,其发育、倾向性及内共生菌种群也会发生改变,病原还能通过改变寄主植物的挥发性信息物质等间接调控媒介昆虫行为。对黄龙病菌亚洲种(Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus,CLas)、虫媒及植物寄主互作相关研究进行综述,并对今后相关研究进行了展望,以期对柑橘黄龙病研究有所促进。     

Simulating the reciprocal interaction of forest landscape structure and southern pine beetle herbivory using LANDIS

The reciprocal interaction of landscape structure and ecological processes is a cornerstone of modern landscape ecology. We use a simulation model to show how landscape structure and herbivory interact to influence outbreaks of southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) in a landscape representative of the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. We use LANDIS and its biological disturbance agent module to simulate the effects of landscape composition (proportion of landscape in host area) and host aggregation on the size and severity of insect outbreaks and the persistence of the host species, Table Mountain Pine (Pinus pungens Lamb.). We find that landscape composition is less important in the modeled landscapes than host aggregation in structuring the severity of insect outbreaks. Also, simulated southern pine beetle outbreaks over time tend to decrease the aggregation of host species on the landscape by fragmenting large patches into smaller ones, thereby reducing the severity of future outbreaks. Persistence of Table Mountain pine decreases throughout all simulations regardless of landscape structure. The results of this study indicate that when considering alternative restoration strategies for insect-affected landscapes, it is necessary to consider the patterns of hosts on the landscape as well as the landscape composition.     

番茄抗枯萎病分子机制研究进展

为了促进番茄抗枯萎病分子育种及提供绿色防控依据,围绕番茄枯萎病发病症状、病原菌致病机制、番茄抗病机制等方面的研究成果,介绍了尖孢镰刀菌的定植机制和信号传导机制,并从寄主分泌抗真菌化合物、激发寄主信号传导途径及保卫反应、寄主抗性基因诱导表达等方面论述了番茄抗枯萎病分子机制的研究进展,最后进行展望。     

武汉地区美洲斑潜蝇发生规律初探

美洲斑潜蝇在武汉地区寄主范围大,分布广,可周年危害;水平分布具边际效应,垂直分布主要集中在中下部叶片为害;温度与寄主植物是影响其发生的主要因素。