肠道气泡堆积对银鲳组织抗氧化能力与溶菌酶活力的影响#br#

为研究肠道气泡堆积对银鲳(Pampus argenteus)组织抗氧化能力及溶菌酶活力的影响,采集了15尾肠道气泡堆积的银鲳为病鱼组,15尾健康银鲳为对照组,分别采集各组样品的肝脏、肾脏、肌肉和鳃组织,并对这4种组织的超氧化物歧化酶活力、过氧化氢酶活力、丙二醛含量、总抗氧化能力以及两种组织(鳃和肾脏)溶菌酶活力进行测定和比较。结果显示,相比对照组,病鱼组肝脏、鳃和肾脏的总抗氧化能力都有下降,其中肝脏和肾脏显著下降(P<0.05);而肌肉中总抗氧化能力病鱼组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组肝脏和肌肉的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力显著高于病鱼组(P<0.05);丙二醛含量对照组肝脏和肌肉中显著低于病鱼组(P<0.05),但鳃和肾脏显著高于病鱼组(P<0.05);溶菌酶活力病鱼组鳃显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但肾脏与对照组间无显著性差异。结果表明,肠道气泡堆积对银鲳组织抗氧化能力及其溶菌酶活力影响较大,导致肝脏与肌肉中的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活力显著降低,鳃溶菌酶活力显著升高。     

盐度胁迫对大鳞鲃抗氧化酶和血清皮质醇的影响

为阐明盐度胁迫对大鳞鲃(Luciobarbus capito)肝、肾和鳃组织抗氧化系统及血清皮质醇的影响,本研究设置4个NaCl盐度组(3、6、9和12 g/L)和1个淡水对照组,检测分析了不同盐度胁迫下曝露3、6、12、24、48、96 h和7 d大鳞鲃肝、肾和鳃组织中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化,以及血清中皮质醇浓度的变化。结果显示,在相同盐度胁迫下,大鳞鲃的肝、肾和鳃组织中ACP、AKP、GSH-Px抗氧化酶的活力、MDA含量以及血清皮质醇含量随胁迫时间的延长均呈先上升后下降、随后趋于稳定的变化趋势,在胁迫开始24 h内各指标达到峰值,并在48 h开始逐渐趋于平稳;胁迫初期,相同曝露时间,大鳞鲃的肝、肾和鳃组织中3种抗氧化酶活力、MDA含量及血清皮质醇含量均与盐度呈显著正相关性。大鳞鲃在盐度胁迫过程中,ACP、AKP活力和MDA含量在肾组织的范围分别为1.42~2.15 U/g prot、1.01~1.87金氏单位/g prot和13.05~57.27 nmol/mg prot;肝组织中分别为1.27~1.96 U/g prot、0.31~0.86金氏单位/g prot和17.02~55.98 nmol/mg prot;鳃组织则为0.98~1.96 U/g prot、0.13~0.84金氏单位/g prot和8.33~53.93 nmol/mg prot,肾组织中ACP、AKP活力和MDA含量均高于肝、鳃组织;而GSH-Px的活力在肝、肾和鳃组织的范围分别为44.41~114.77、16.52~67.59和9.07~48.00活力单位,肝组织中GSH-Px活力显著高于肾和鳃组织。此外,血清皮质醇在盐度胁迫过程中的含量变化范围为197.00~355.50 ng/L。综上所述,在12 g/L的高盐胁迫下大鳞鲃通过自身调节,各项指标仍可恢复正常,表明其对盐度环境有较强的适应能力。     

蒽对黑鱼君超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

采用毒性实验的方法 ,研究了蒽对黑鱼君几种组织的超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响。结果表明 :1 .不同的组织其SOD活性高低不同 ,按SOD活性由高到低的顺序依次排列为 :肝 >血清 >肾 >鳃 >肌肉 ;2 .不同的组织 ,其SOD活性对蒽的敏感性有所差异 ,按敏感性由大到小的顺序依次排列为 :血清 >肝 >鳃 >肌肉 >肾。3.不同组织的SOD活性在蒽胁迫下的变化规律不同。低浓度的蒽引起鳃、肾、肌肉组织的SOD活性升高 ,随着蒽浓度的提高 ,SOD活性又表现出抑制效应 ;而蒽对血清及肝组织的SOD活性从低到高浓度下始终呈现出抑制作用     

蒽对黑鲪超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

采用毒性实验的方法,研究了蒽对黑Ｊｕｎ几种组织的超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响。结果表明：１．不同的组织其ＳＯＤ活性高低不同,按ＳＯＤ活性由高到低的顺序依次排列为：肝＞血清＞肾＞鳃＞肌肉;２．不同的组织,其ＳＯＤ活性对蒽的敏感性有所差异,按敏感性由大到小的顺序依次排列为：血清＞肝＞鳃＞肌肉＞肾。３．不同组织的ＳＯＤ活性在蒽胁迫下的变化规律不同。低浓度的蒽引起鳃、肾、肌肉组织的ＳＯＤ活性升高,随着蒽浓度的提高,ＳＯＤ活性又表现出抑制效应;而蒽对血清及肝组织的ＳＯＤ活性从低到高浓度下始终呈现出抑制作用。     

Organ-specific ATPase and phosphorylase enzyme activities in a food fish exposed to a carbamate insecticide and recovery response

The acute effect of carbofuran, a carbamate insecticide, was studied on adenosine triphosphatase enzymes in gill, kidney, liver and muscle tissues of a food fish, Clarias batrachus. Glycogen and glycogen phosphorylase were investigated in gill and kidney only. Thirty-six fish were exposed to sublethal concentration (7.6 mg/L) for 6 days. After 6 days, 18 fish were released into freshwater in order to study the recovery response. Eighteen fish were kept in clean water as control. Tissues were isolated from control, exposed and recovery fish at the end of 1, 3 and 6 days and used for the assay of enzymes. Total ATPase was inhibited in kidney and muscle tissues throughout the exposure period, whereas branchial and hepatic tissues showed initial induction followed by inhibition. Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase activity was induced in gill till day 3, whereas in other tissues inhibition was throughout the exposure period. Mg⁺² ATPase activity was inhibited in all tissues except liver. When the fish were released into freshwater, liver recovered almost to control values and other tissues showed organ-specific response. Glycogen content of gill increased initially followed by decrease, and in kidney initial decrease was noted. The recovery response was more in kidney than in gill. Induction in the activity of glycogen phosphorylases was observed in kidney, whereas gill tissue showed mixed response. Recovery was not observed in phosphorylases. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrated the acute effect of carbofuran on a food fish and organ-specific recovery response to insecticidal treatment.     

卵形鲳鲹不同组织同工酶表达的差异

运用聚丙烯酰胺垂直梯度凝胶电泳法对卵形鲳鲹（Trachinotusovatus）6组织（肌肉、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脑、脾脏）的5种同工酶（EST、LDH、MDH、ME和AST）进行了初步研究,并对5种同工酶的同工酶位点及其酶谱表型进行了分析。结果表明,卵形鲳够的5种同工酶系统具有不同程度的组织特异性。EST由2个基因位点编码,Est-1在这6种组织中都存在,Est-2只存在于肝脏和。肾脏中;LDH由3个基因位点编码,共检测到3条谱带,Ldh-2只存在于肾脏中;MDH由2个基因位点编码,Mdh-1表达为MDH1和MDH22条酶带,Mdh-2表达为MDH31条酶带,在肝脏中的活性最强;ME由1个基因位点编码,只检测到1条酶带,肝脏的含量丰富;AST由2个基因位点编码,只在肝脏和肾脏中检测到,共检测到3条谱带。     

患诺卡氏菌病的大黄鱼几种主要组织的酶活力变化分析

以酶学分析方法,测定患诺卡氏菌病的大黄鱼几种主要组织的酶活力变化。结果表明,与对照组相比,患病大黄鱼淀粉酶活力在心、脾中无明显变化,在肾、肝和鳃中均有极显著下降(P<0.01);溶菌酶活力在心、肾、肝、鳃中极显著升高(P<0.01),而在脾脏中极显著下降(P<0.01);碱性磷酸酶活力在心、脾、肝、鳃中明显升高,在肾脏中极显著下降(P<0.01);酸性磷酸酶活力在心、脾中较高,肾、肝中偏低,鳃中无明显变化;谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力在肾脏中均极显著升高,肝脏中均极显著降低(P<0.01),而在心、脾、鳃组织中均无明显变化(P>0.05);丙二醛在肾脏和肝脏中含量均有升高,在心、脾、鳃中无明显变化;超氧化物歧化酶活力在肝和鳃中极显著下降(P<0.01),在心、脾、肾中无明显变化;过氧化氢酶活力在心和肾中显著降低,在脾脏中极显著升高(P<0.01),而在肝脏和鳃中无明显变化。由此可见,大黄鱼对诺卡氏菌侵染有明显的应激反应,且病原菌对病鱼器官有不同程度的损伤。     

大鳞鲃鱼同工酶的研究

本实验采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直平板电泳方法,分析了大鳞鲃鱼的肝、肾、眼3种组织中的醋酶（EST）、淀粉酶（AMY）、乳脱酸氢酶（LDH）和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）4种同工酶。结果表明各种同工酶具有明显的组织特异性,肝脏酶活性最高,具有所有酶带。     

大鳞鲃鱼同工酶的研究

本实验采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直平板电泳方法,分析了大鳞鲃鱼的肝、肾、眼3种组织中的醋酶（EST）、淀粉酶（AMY）、乳脱酸氢酶（LDH）和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）4种同工酶。结果表明各种同工酶具有明显的组织特异性,肝脏酶活性最高,具有所有酶带。     

低氧胁迫对河川沙塘鳢抗氧化酶及ATP酶活性的影响

研究了在急性低氧1.5 h、5 h和慢性低氧3 d下,河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)5种组织(心、脑、肝、鳃和肾)的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)3种抗氧化酶和ATP酶活性的变化规律。结果显示:在急性低氧暴露1.5 h时,河川沙塘鳢SOD和GPX的活力在各组织中与对照组相比均无显著差异,CAT活力在心、鳃和肝3种组织呈现显著升高(P0.05),ATP酶活力在心和肝组织极显著升高(P0.01);在急性低氧暴露5 h时,除肝组织SOD酶活性显著降低外(P0.05),其它4种组织的CAT、GPX和ATP酶均不同程度显著升高(P0.05);在慢性低氧处理3 d时,心、脑组织的抗氧化酶已基本恢复至与对照组无显著差异的水平,但鳃、肝和肾中酶活力仍较高(P0.05)。研究表明,河川沙塘鳢能通过自身调节抗氧化酶及ATP酶活性,改变代谢底物,提高机体适应低氧环境的能力。     

高丝氨酸内酯酶AI-96对嗜水气单胞菌NJ-1浸浴攻毒斑马鱼保护效应的研究

为评价斑马鱼口服高丝氨酸内脂酶AI-96对嗜水气单胞菌NJ-1浸浴攻毒的保护效应,实验设置基础料与实验料两组饲料,实验料是在基础料中按3 U/g饲料添加N酰基高丝氨酸内酯酶AI-96(以下简称AI-96),通过高浓度(2.5×108 cfu/mL)及低浓度(0.7×108 cfu/mL)两组剂量的嗜水气单胞菌NJ-1(以下简称NJ-1)分别浸浴攻毒斑马鱼,在12h、24 h、3d、7d和14d取鳃丝、肠道壁、肝和肾样,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测取样器官中NJ-1量,并统计攻毒周期内的死亡率,来评价高丝氨酸内酯酶AI-96的保护力.结果显示:在攻毒周期内所取组织内均检测到NJ-1,按菌数肠＞鳃＞肝＞肾,其中高NJ-1剂量未加酶组各组织NJ-1数量均分别明显高于低剂量处理组.在高剂量攻毒条件下,加酶组各组织NJ-1数量均显著低于未加酶处理组(P＜0.05),鳃除外;在低剂量攻毒条件下,未加酶组的NJ-1数量在鳃(3 d)、肠(0.5、1、3、7及14 d)、肝(3 d)和肾(7 d)显著高于加酶组(P＜0.05),其余差异不显著(P＞0.05).此外无论在高、低剂量攻毒条件下,加酶组的死亡率均低于未加酶组,其中低剂量攻毒7d及以后其死亡率显著低于对照(P＜0.05).结果表明,口服AI-96可以有效预防NJ-1≤0.7×108 cfu/mL范围内的侵袭.     

高碳酸盐碱胁迫对尼罗罗非鱼氨代谢基因表达变化的影响

为了解尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)在碱环境适应过程中氨代谢调节途径,本研究选取了5个氨代谢相关酶:谷氨酰胺合成酶(glutamine synthetase,GS)、碳酸酐酶5A(carbonic anhydrase 5A,CA-5A)、谷氨酰胺酶(glutaminase 2,GLS2)、氨甲酰磷酸合成酶(carbamyl phosphate synthetase 1,CPS1)、氨转运蛋白(ammonium transporter Rh type C-2 like,Rhcgl2),研究了急性碳酸盐碱度胁迫条件下,尼罗罗非鱼血氨浓度变化、氨代谢相关酶基因表达水平及其酶活性变化。结果表明,随碳酸盐碱胁迫浓度升高,尼罗罗非鱼血氨浓度上升,随时间推移呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,在胁迫后12 h达到峰值。氨代谢相关基因在不同碱度下、不同组织中均有不同程度的上调表达,随着胁迫时间推移呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,胁迫后12~24 h各基因表达水平显著升高,随后逐渐恢复到稳定水平;氨代谢相关基因具有一定的组织表达差异:氨转运蛋白基因(Rhcgl2)主要在鳃中表达,碳酸酐酶5A基因(CA-5A)、谷氨酰胺合成酶基因(GS)、氨甲酰磷酸合成酶基因(CPS1)主要在肝中表达,谷氨酰胺酶基因(GLS2)主要在肾和鳃中表达。碳酸酐酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性随胁迫碱度的升高而上升,碳酸酐酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性变化分别在鳃、肝中最为显著。研究结果表明,碳酸盐碱度胁迫会引起尼罗罗非鱼血氨水平升高,随着时间推移血氨水平下降,推测鳃、肝、肾中不同氨代谢基因共同参与调节氨代谢,在鳃中通过直接排氨,在肝中通过合成谷氨酰胺、尿素途径,共同调节降低血氨水平。     

盐度对点篮子鱼的存活、生长及抗氧化防御系统的影响

在容积为500 L的圆锥形塑料缸中分别用对照(自然海水)、配制的盐度为20、10、5的海水和淡水(地下水)养殖点篮子鱼［(67.76?26.12) g］,研究了不同盐度对点篮子鱼存活、生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示,淡水组第9天出现死亡,至第27天时死亡率达100%,其余各组未出现异常,死亡率为0%。各盐度组鱼的特定生长率未表现出显著性差异,但盐度10组鱼体重显著高于盐度20和盐度5组,与对照组无显著性差异;盐度5组全长显著低于其余各盐度组。驯化40 d后,对各组鱼鳃、肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基活性检测结果显示,除盐度5组外,盐度10、20组点篮子鱼鳃、肝脏、肾脏、肌肉中SOD、CAT、抗超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基活性在驯化40 d后均恢复到对照组水平,组间无显著性差异;盐度5组中鱼鳃的SOD和抗超氧阴离子自由基活性显著高于盐度10和盐度20组,肝脏、肌肉和肾脏中SOD、CAT、抗超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基活性均恢复到对照组水平。点篮子鱼不同组织中SOD和CAT酶活力在不同盐度下均以肝脏中最高,肾脏和鳃次之,肌肉中最低;抗超氧阴离子自由基活力以肝脏中最高,极显著高于其余各组织中抗超氧阴离子自由基活力(P<0.01),肌肉次之,肾脏和鳃最低;羟自由基活力以肾脏中最高,显著高于其余各组织中羟自由基活力(P<0.05);鳃次之,肝脏和肌肉中最低,结果表明盐度能影响抗氧化酶活力大小,但并未影响鱼体内酶的分布。     

Characterisation of head kidney and liver microsomal 17-hydroxyprogesterone 21-hydroxylase activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the lack of regulatory effects of ACTH

The formation of 11-deoxycortisol from 17-hydroxyprogesterone was studied in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) head kidney and liver microsomes. The K _m for head kidney microsomal 17-hydroxyprogesterone 21-hydroxylase measured in pooled microsomes from juvenile rainbow trout was 3.75 M, and the V _max was 41.4 pmol/(mg protein × min). The K _m for liver microsomal 17-hydroxyprogesterone 21-hydroxylase was 31.0 M, and the V _max was 51.0 pmol/(mg protein × min). The intrinsic clearance values suggest that liver, in addition to head kidney, could significantly contribute to the formation of 11-deoxycortisol in rainbow trout. Progesterone inhibited both the head kidney and the liver microsomal 17-hydroxyprogesterone 21-hydroxylase activity competitively. The K _i for progesterone in head kidney was 1.8 M and in liver 144 M. The different K _m and K _i values for microsomal 21-hydroxylation suggest that 21-hydroxylation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in head kidney and liver is catalysed by different enzyme systems. Treatment of rainbow trout by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) for 1.5 or 3 h (single injections) or three weeks (injections every other day) did not affect head kidney or liver17-hydroxyprogesterone 21-hydroxylase activity. ACTH may thus not regulate this enzyme activity. The increase in plasma cortisol levels 1.5 and 3 h after ACTH injection but not following repeated injections suggests that the hormone regulates the initial secretion of cortisol, but does not have a long-term regulatory effect upon cortisol production in rainbow trout.     

Vitamin K-dependent γ-glutamylcarboxylase in Atlantic salmon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmo salar</Emphasis> L.)

Due to problems with bone deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon, there is a growing interest in the possible involvement of vitamin K in normal bone development, and sensitive biomarkers for evaluating vitamin K status are therefore needed. The vitamin K-dependent (VKD) enzyme γ-glutamylcarboxylase (GGCX, EC 6.4.x.x) requires vitamin K as a cofactor for its post-translational modification of glutamic acid (Glu) residues to γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues in VKD proteins, and is required for their function in haemostasis and bone metabolism. The present study was designed to evaluate the enzyme assay for GGCX activity in isolated liver microsomes and its distribution in the tissues of Atlantic salmon. The effect of KH₂ and menadione on the GGCX activity in salmon liver was also compared. Results from the present study show a widespread tissue distribution and expression of GGCX in Atlantic salmon. The GGCX activity and ggcx expression in all bony tissues examined imply the presence of vitamin K, and suggest the involvement of vitamin K in bone metabolism of Atlantic salmon. We propose the GGCX assay as a sensitive marker for vitamin K status, and confirm that menadione does not work as a cofactor for GGCX in Atlantic salmon liver.     

High affinity of cadmium and copper to head kidney of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate bioaccumulation of metals in various tissues of the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio L. exposed to cadmium and copper (a xenobiotic and a microelement). The fish were subjected to short-term (3 h, Cd-S and Cu-S) or long-term (4 weeks, Cd-L and Cu-L) exposures to 100 % 96hLC₅₀ or 10 % 96hLC₅₀, respectively. Blood, gill, liver, head and trunk kidney were isolated weekly from 5 fish of each group for 4 weeks (post-short-term exposure and during long-term exposure). Atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique was applied to measure concentrations of metals (Cd and Cu) in fish tissues. Initial concentrations of copper in fish tissues were higher than levels of cadmium. Cadmium and copper levels increased in all tissues of metal-exposed fish. After short-term exposures (at higher concentration) and during long-term exposures (at lower concentration), similar changes in metal concentrations were observed. The values of accumulation factor (ratio of final to initial metal concentration) were higher for cadmium as compared to copper. Comparison of metal levels and accumulation factors in various tissues revealed that cadmium and copper showed very high affinity to head kidney of common carp (higher than to other tissues), but accumulation factors for cadmium in trunk, head kidney and liver were much higher than for copper. The concentrations of copper in organs of Cu-exposed fish increased only slightly and quickly returned to the control level, which shows that fish organism easily buffered metal level. On the other hand, concentrations of cadmium considerably increased and remained elevated for a long time which suggests that activation of mechanisms of sequestration and elimination of cadmium required more time.     

汞暴露对草鱼器官组织中碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

测定暴露于不同汞离子质量浓度(0 mg/L、0.05 mg/L、0.10 mg/L、0.15 mg/L、0.20 mg/L、0.25 mg/L)下草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)血清、鳃、肝胰脏、脾、肾脏和肌肉等组织器官中碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)活性。研究目的在于评价汞离子对草鱼生理代谢的影响。暴露周期为21 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,血清AKP活性在0.05mg/L、0.10 mg/L和0.15 mg/L汞暴露组无显著性变化(P>0.05),而在0.20 mg/L、0.25 mg/L组显著下降(P<0.01);鳃AKP活性在0.10 mg/L和0.15 mg/L汞暴露组显著上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),而0.05 mg/L、0.20 mg/L和0.25mg/L组无显著变化(P>0.05);肝胰脏和脾脏AKP活性在所有实验组均显著下降(P<0.01);肾脏AKP活性在0.05mg/L组无显著变化,其他实验组均显著升高(P<0.01);肌肉AKP活性在所有实验组均无显著性变化(P>0.05)。本研究说明草鱼暴露于不同汞离子浓度下,具有不同生理功能的器官组织的AKP活性变化存在较大差异     

呋喃唑酮代谢物AOZ在斑点叉尾(鲴)体内组织分布与消除规律研究

研究了在池塘网箱养殖模式下,平均水温为30.6℃,以100 mg/kg鱼体重的剂量投饲斑点叉尾鲴(Ietalurus punetaus)苗种(95±20.9)g含呋喃唑酮的药饵,连续5d,每天2次.采用高效液相色谱串联质谱(HPLC-ESI/MS/MS)法分析了呋喃唑酮主要代谢产物3-氨基-2-噁唑烷酮(3-amina...     

Long-term nutritional effects on the primary liver and kidney metabolism in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum): adaptive response to a high-protein/non-carbohydrate diet and starvation of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity

The adaptive response of the kinetics of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was studied in trout liver and kidney after feeding (control or high-protein/non-carbohydrate diet) or starving for 30 days, as well as influences on growth and other nutritive parameters. Typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics were found for the hepatic catalysis of G6PDH under all conditions studied, without evidence of sigmoidicity. The administration of a high-protein/non-carbohydrate diet (61.0% protein, 7.9% lipids) produced no significant changes in specific activity or other kinetic parameters of the liver enzyme. This nutritional situation caused a significant daily increase in relative growth (20%) and feed efficiency (13.5%), as well as a 13% decrease in the protein-conversion efficiency, with respect to the control diet (46% protein, 8% lipids, 22% carbohydrates). On the other hand, long-term starvation (30 days), as a lipolytic condition, significantly decreased the activity and catalytic efficiency of hepatic G6PDH, by almost 45%, without significant changes in the K_m and activity-ratio values. These changes agree with a fall in the intracellular concentration of the enzyme as a consequence of a protein-repression process. The activity of the renal G6PDH was less than in the liver of control fish, and no variation in kinetics was found under the high-protein diet or starvation. This behaviour clearly demonstrates that the kidney pentose-phosphate pathway showed no adaptive response in relation to synthesis of fatty acids and other lipids.     

赣昌鲫(日本白鲫♀×兴国红鲤♂)及其双亲同工酶的研究

采用不连续聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳法,研究了赣昌鲫(Carassius cuvieri♀×Cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis ♂)及其双亲的肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、心脏、脑、晶状体6种组织在超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶(MDH)、乳酸脱氢酶同工酶(LDH)、酯酶(EST)四种同工酶酶谱表达上的遗传差异。结果显示:赣昌鲫的SOD酶谱表达在6种组织中与母本一致;心脏、肝脏、肾脏的MDH表达酶带数与母本相同,且具偏母遗传特性,肌肉的MDH表达谱带数与父本肌肉相同,具偏父遗传特性;LDH、EST在各组织中的酶带表达形式则多数特征偏向于父本,部分与母本相似;LDH同工酶的表达显示出新杂种酶带特异性,EST同工酶在肾脏中也表达了自身特有的杂种酶带。结果表明,属间杂交的后代遗传物质上也存在着变异,存在可选育的性状。