洋梨枝条的低温半致死温度

为了鉴定红巴梨等6个洋梨及3个具洋梨亲本的杂种后代的抗寒能力,取其1 a生苗为试材,进行-20、-25、-30、-35、-40、-45 ℃低温处理,用电导法配合Logistic方程,求得拐点(LT50),即半致死温度,并与自然气候条件下的冻害级别进行相关比较.测得的电解质渗出率呈典型的S型曲线,与相应的低温呈极显著负相关;鉴定出供试品种的抗寒力;半致死温度与田间冻害级别相关程度达极显著水平.     

电导法鉴定梨主栽品种抗寒性试验

研究了15个主栽梨品种1年生苗在不同低温下的枝条电导率,利用Logistic方程计算出各个品种的半致死温度(LT50),并与田间冻害级别进行相关分析。测得的电解质渗出率呈典型的S型曲线,与相应的低温呈极显著负相关;鉴定出供试品种的抗寒力;半致死温度与田间冻害级别相关程度达极显著水平。     

5个苹果矮化砧木品种的抗寒性测定

为了筛选出抗寒性强、适合伊犁河谷的优良苹果矮化砧木,作者以5个苹果矮化砧木品种的一年生休眠枝条为试验材料,在不同低温处理下,通过电导法对其电解质渗出率进行测定,应用Logistic方程求得它们的低温半致死温度(LT50),结合不同低温处理休眠枝条的冻害分级,研究不同砧木品种的抗寒性。结果表明:5个苹果矮化砧木休眠枝条电解质渗出率随着处理温度的降低,呈"S"型曲线变化,它们的半致死温度为-27.87~-35.35℃,抗寒性强弱次序为KM23、俄396、俄176、SH1、M26。     

5个苹果砧木品种枝条的低温半致死温度及耐寒性评价

【目的】探寻适宜评价苹果砧木抗寒性的方法,将低温半致死温度(LT_(50))和冻害指数相结合而快速准确判断植物的抗寒能力。【方法】以SH1、Y-1、B9、M9T337和M26的1 a生深度休眠期的枝条为试材,对其进行-15℃、-20℃、-25℃、-30℃、-35℃、-40℃低温冷冻12 h,测定低温胁迫后的相对电导率,利用Logistic方程确定LT_(50)的大小,同时采用目测法计算相应胁迫温度下的冻害指数。【结果】经低温胁迫,5个苹果砧木枝条的相对电导率呈"S"型曲线,相对电导率与胁迫温度之间呈极显著负相关。利用相对电导率拟合Logistic方程确定的SH1、Y-1、B9、M9T337和M26低温半致死温度分别为-36.0℃、-32.7℃、-40.1℃、-23.4℃和-31.3℃。冻害指数随着胁迫温度的降低呈不等幅度的上升趋势且在某一低温区出现突然越级的现象。【结论】利用低温半致死温度和冻害指数法可简单快速评价苹果砧木枝条的抗寒性。综合得出,5个苹果砧木枝条的抗寒能力依次为B9 SH1 Y-1 M26 M9T337。     

7个梨品种的低温半致死温度及耐寒性评价

【目的】研究梨品种半致死温度与耐寒性的关系及抗寒性水平,为杂交育种选择抗寒亲本及梨品种区域性引进提供科学依据。【方法】以1 a生梨苗休眠枝条为试材,应用电导法研究了7个梨品种在-20℃、-25℃、-30℃、-35℃、-40℃、-45℃低温下细胞膜透性的变化,配合Logistic方程,求得半致死温度(LT50),并与低温处理下的冻害指数进行相关性比较。【结果】供试梨枝条不同低温处理下电解质渗出率增加呈S形曲线,与相应的低温呈极显著负相关;供试梨品种的半致死温度为:‘苹果梨’-41.1℃、‘甘梨早8’-38.4℃、‘中梨1号’-38.2℃、‘美人酥’-35.3℃、‘玉露香’-34.8℃、‘黄冠’-30.7℃、‘丰水’-30.3℃;半致死温度与其相近温度处理的枝条冻害指数呈显著负相关;低温处理下,各梨品种枝条冻害部位表现不同,且对其伤害有一个跃变过程。【结论】半致死温度能准确反映梨品种的抗寒力;供试梨品种的抗寒力大小为:‘苹果梨’‘甘梨早8’‘中梨1号’‘美人酥’‘玉露香’‘黄冠’‘丰水’。     

42个苹果属种质资源抗寒性初步鉴定

该试验以42个苹果属砧木的一年生休眠枝条为试材,进行-20、-25、-30、-35、-40℃人工低温冷冻处理,测定供试枝条的相对电导率,在此基础上采用方程拟合求得半致死温度,初步确定42种苹果属砧木的抗寒性,并将供试品种根据半致死温度高低进行抗寒性分类。试验结果表明,随着处理温度的降低供试材料的相对电导率逐渐升高;半致死温度最低的为山定子,最高的为沧江海棠,分别为-45.762 4、-26.528 3℃;将42个苹果属砧木根据抗寒性相对强弱分为3类。     

3种苹果矮化砧木抗寒性研究

为筛选抗寒的苹果矮化砧木,利用电导法对T337、Y-1、KM23 3种苹果矮化砧木进行抗寒性测定。结果表明:3种苹果矮化砧木的抗寒性强弱依次为KM23Y-1T337;KM23的半致死温度为-37.99℃,与本地普遍使用的新疆野苹果的抗寒性相近,可以作为苹果矮化砧木品种在适于苹果栽培的区域进一步扩大应用。     

苹果砧木矮化性状评价研究

试验以12种苹果砧木为材料,测定其矮化性状相关的生理生化指标,对苹果砧木的矮化性状进行评价,并对矮化性评价指标相关性进行分析。结果表明,青砧1号和三叶海棠砧木年生长量比较小,矮化性状比较明显,苹果砧木细根根皮率与植株生长量呈显著正相关,枝皮率与植株生长量呈极显著负相关,这2项指标可以作为评价苹果砧木生长量的有效指标。     

不同苹果砧木叶片气孔密度、枝皮率及IOD酶活性差异

以3类矮化程度不同的苹果砧木为试材,研究其枝皮率、气孔密度、气孔大小及IOD酶活性的差异。结果表明:不同矮化程度的砧木之间,枝条的枝皮率差异较大,表现为矮化砧木的枝皮率显著高于半矮化和乔化砧木;不同矮化程度砧木IOD酶活性差异较大,矮化砧木的IOD酶活性显著高于半矮化砧木和乔化砧木;矮化砧木的气孔密度显著低于半矮化砧木和乔化砧木的叶片,气孔的大小则呈现相反趋势。     

梨矮生优系的筛选及砧穗生长性状相关性分析

以"中矮1号"等优异矮化资源为亲本,通过杂交育种和实生选种的方式筛选出了40份矮生优株,对这些优株的矮生性状和矮化潜力进行了初步鉴定,并分析了砧木矮生性状与其矮化效果的相关性。结果表明,供试40份矮生优株做中间砧嫁接"早酥"梨,均具有一定的矮化效果,其中,5个株系的矮化程度大于80%,被评价为乔化砧木类型;26个株系的矮化程度在60%~79%之间,被评价为半矮化砧木;10个株系的矮化程度在40%~59%之间,被评价为矮化砧木。供试砧木的株高、节数、基径粗度和节间长度等性状与砧木对接穗的矮化程度均呈显著正相关,其中,以砧木的株高和节间长度与接穗生长性状的相关性最为显著,可以其共同作为矮化砧木的预选参数。从所获优系的亲本来源来看,早酥梨和"圆黄"梨是选育优良矮生品种和矮化砧木的良好非矮生型亲本。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.