Characterization of Francisella tularensis Strains,Comparing Their Carbon Source Utilization

Thirteen Francisella tularensis strains were isolated from 22 seropositive brown hares (Lepus europaeus) originating from different parts of Hungary, and further two from a patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) and vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops). The isolates were identified as F. tularensis ssp. holarctica on the basis of culture, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The identification was verified by polymerase chain reaction and the sequencing of the partial 16S rRNA gene. Utilization of carbon sources of the 15 F. tularensis strains was characterized with the Biolog system. The system was able to identify the strains already after 4 h of incubation, not only after the standard 24 h. After the analysis and comparison of the metabolic profiles of our strains with the Biolog database, it was concluded that not all carbon sources indicated in the database were utilized by our isolates. The Biolog software fails to distinguish the highly virulent F. tularensis ssp. tularensis and the moderately virulent F. tularensis ssp. holarctica but the Biolog microplates can be manually read to differentiate the two subspecies based on glycerol source utilization. As all the studied strains were unable to use glycerol, they could be identified as F. tularensis ssp. holarctica. The dendrogram based on the metabolic relationship of the strains shows that the isolates are very similar to each other, which correlates with the conservative genetic character of F. tularensis ssp. holarctica.     

FTN_0109蛋白对土拉弗朗西斯菌致病力的影响

土拉弗朗西斯菌是一种重要的人畜共患性病原菌,目前对该菌的毒力因子及分子致病机制尚不完全清楚。本研究旨在分析未知功能蛋白FTN_0109在土拉弗朗西斯菌中的分布,探讨其对细菌致病力的影响。通过生物信息学软件预测FTN_0109的生物学功能,并利用超速离心法检测其亚细胞定位;利用同源重组技术构建FTN_0109基因缺失株及其反式回补株,分析其对三种来源小鼠巨噬细胞的入侵和细胞内增殖能力,并检测其对BALB/c小鼠的致病力和在其体内的繁殖动态。结果显示,FTN_0109蛋白被预测为一种脂蛋白,主要分布于土拉弗朗西斯菌的内膜;与野毒株相比,FTN_0109缺失株在小鼠巨噬细胞中不能增殖,对BALB/c小鼠的LD₅₀提高10⁴以上,在感染小鼠肝和脾中的载量呈不断下降趋势且均显著低于野毒株（P<0.05）。结果提示,FTN_0109是一种内膜脂蛋白,它的缺失可严重降低土拉弗朗西斯菌在小鼠巨噬细胞和体内的生存能力,降低其对小鼠的致病力。     

Salmonella isolated from animals and feedstuffs in Sweden during 1983-1987.

This survey describes the frequency of Salmonella in animals and feedstuffs isolated in Sweden 1983-1987. Since 1949 National Veterinary Institute (NVI) has published such reports every fifth year. During the period of this report 760 outbreaks of Salmonella were reported in animals. This includes both domestic and wild animals. The corresponding figure for the previous period was 1266 outbreaks. 56 different serovariants were reported, 17 of these were new to Sweden. In cattle and swine there were a decrease of outbreaks. In poultry 86 outbreaks were reported, compared with 220 outbreaks during the previous five-year period. Swedish feed producing plants are checked both voluntary and compulsory, for the presence of Salmonella in raw materials, scrape and dust samples and compound feed. During 1983-1987 a total of 236 strains at Salmonella were isolated. This is the lowest incidence found during the last 15 years. All consignments of feedstuffs of animal origin intended for import to Sweden has to be examined for the presence of Salmonella. During 1983-1987 8.6% of the consignments were positive for Salmonella and were thus not allowed to be used in Sweden.     

我国特种养殖业的现状与发展

介绍了特种动物的涵义、濒危野生动物的界定和世界主要特种动物的养殖与疾病防制的现状以及在我国的发展前景。同时 ,对我国特种养殖中长期存在的机制、品种、疫病防制、技术素质、生物安全与生产规模等问题进行了剖析 ,并提出了一些对策     

庞泉沟野生动物资源调查

2010午4月～2011年5月,通过访问调查、实地调查、查阅有关文献等方法对庞泉沟国家自然保护区野生动物进行调查。结果表明：该保护区有鸟类38科189种,兽类15科32种,两栖爬行类8科17种。属于国家一级保护野生动物的有褐马鸡、金雕、黑鹳、金钱豹4种,国家二级保护野生动物有苍鹰、大鸢、原麝、草原雕、雀鹰、白尾鹞、獐等...     

毛皮动物野生习性调查与驯化技术

毛皮动物一般指那些能提供高档裘皮产品的动物,属于野生或经过人工驯化饲养的哺乳类动物。作者对毛皮动物的栖息环境、采食习性、行为等野生习性及驯化的关键问题和方法进行了综述。     

野生动物刑法保护的困境与突破

《刑法修正案（十一）》增加了保护野生动物的相关条款,对以食用为目的的非法猎捕、收购、运输、出售陆生野生动物的违法犯罪行为进行了规制。但是我国刑法在野生动物保护方面仍不完善,存在野生动物保护范围有待进一步拓宽、破坏野生动物栖息地行为亟需刑法规制、刑罚规制体系有待进一步完善、滥食野生动物的相关罪名有待补充等问题。为建立健全体系完备、系统协调的野生动物刑法保护体系,进一步维护生态安全,促进人与自然和谐共生,我国现阶段需要对野生动物的保护范围适度扩大化、破坏野生动物栖息地相关罪名明确化、破坏野生动物犯罪刑罚体系规范化、非法食用野生动物等相关行为入刑化等方面加以完善。     

青海水生野生生物现状及保护对策

概述了青海省水生野生生物分布、种类、现状、濒危程度和目前保护情况,探讨了有效开展水生野生生物保护的对策和措施。     

A telemetric aid in establishing the cause of death in semidomesticated or wild animals.

Calf mortality among wild and semidomesticated animals, especially reindeer, is established to be high. The authors describe a telemetric method with subcutaneously implanted transmitters which are activated by the lowered body temperature in connection with the death of the animal, enabling it to be found and brought in for pathological examination. Frequency selection, implantation technique and design of transmitter, power source, antenna and surveillance methods are discussed, with a background of commercially available equipment.     

微生态制剂在动物园野生动物饲养中的应用

微生态制剂作为一种新型的绿色环保型饲料添加剂,具有调节动物肠道微生态平衡、促进动物生长、提高饲料转化率、提高动物免疫能力等多方面的作用,其应用前景广阔。综述了微生态制剂的类型及作用机理,对其在动物园中增强动物免疫力、提高饲料转化率、减少应激、净化兽舍空气、改善水域水质等方面的应用进行了探讨,同时指出了其在动物园野生动物饲养应用中存在的问题和解决途径。