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1.
M. K. Van Ittersum 《Potato Research》1992,35(4):355-364
Summary The duration of dormancy of seed potatoes varies between years and between origins. Therefore, the effects of conditions during
crop growth on dormancy of progeny tubers were studied. The effect of nitrogen during tuber bulking on the duration of dormancy
was investigated in three field experiments with two cultivars. In addition to an application of 125 kg N/ha at planting,
top dressings of 0–150 kg N/ha were given about 2 weeks after tuber initiation. Haulm was pulled about 4 weeks later. The
effect of nitrogen rate at planting was also examined in one experiment.
Nitrogen top dressings shortened dormancy in all experiments by 5–8 days. An increased nitrogen rate at planting resulted
in a shorter dormancy when the duration of dormancy was expressed in days after tuber initiation, but not when it was expressed
in days after haulm pulling, probably because extra nitrogen also delayed tuber initiation. 相似文献
2.
Summary In two indoor experiments under short day conditions, the effect of temperature during tuber bulking on dormancy of tubers
was investigated for cvs Diamant and Désirée. Temperature treatments started after tuber initiation and lasted for 4 weeks,
after which the haulm was removed.
In Experiment 1, the day/night temperature regimes 18/12, 22/22, 26/18 and 32/12 °C (T18/12 etc.) were compared. In Experiment
2, three day temperatures (18, 24 and 30 °C) were combined with three night temperatures (12, 18 and 24 °C), resulting in
nine treatments.
The dormancy of cv. Diamant was shortest after very high day temperatures (30–32 °C), but intermediate day temperatures (22–26
°C) had no shortening effect compared to T18/12. Dormancy of cv. Désirée was not shortened, but rather tended to be prolonged
by high temperatures (22–32 °C) during growth.
High temperatures during growth resulted in more sprouts per tuber after dormancy had ended. 相似文献
3.
Effects of temperature and photoperiod on early growth and final number of tubers in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary A phytotron experiment with all combinations of two photoperiod (12 or 18 h) and four temperature (18/12, 22/16, 26/20 or
30/24 °C; 12h/12h) treatments was carried out to analyse quantitative effects on early tuber growth, dry-matter partitioning
and number of tubers of two cultivars.
Higher temperatures and longer photoperiod delayed the onset of expolinear tuber growth and the onset of linear tuber bulking.
Higher temperatures also gave lower absolute tuber growth rates. Photoperiod did not affect absolute tuber growth rate at
lower temperatures. Higher temperature and longer photoperiod gave lower relative rates of partitioning of dry matter to the
tubers. Differences between treatments in numbers of tubers initiated were inconsistent. This quantitative analysis of the
effects of temperature and photoperiod on characteristics of tuber growth should prove useful in potato modelling. 相似文献
4.
Willemien J. M. Lommen 《Potato Research》1993,36(4):265-272
Summary Dry-matter concentration and dormancy were studied in minitubers of cvs Agria and Liseta, using five fresh weight classes
(<0.50 g, 0.50–0.99 g, 1.00–1.99 g, 2.00–2.99 g and ≥3.00 g) and three successive harvests of the same plantlets. The average
dry-matter concentration increased with tuber weight for tubers from the second and third harvests. In minitubers ≥0.5 g,
dry-matter concentration was higher in tubers from later harvests. The dormant period (days from harvest to 50% sprouting)
was longer in minitubers with lower than higher weights, and longer in tubers from the first harvest than from later harvests.
A cold-storage period of 6 weeks, starting 14 days after harvest, reduced the dormant period by an average of 11 days. 相似文献
5.
Summary The influence of a short tuber dormancy and the subsequent sprout growth of the seed tubers during storage at 4 °C on the
processes related to plant development and tuber formation was investigated in a diploid population with 238 genotypes, its
crossing parents and seven tetraploid varieties. Sprout growth during storage at 4 °C was positively correlated to the duration
of the dormancy period at 18–22 °C, the low temperature prolonging the dormancy period. Results show that the duration of
the dormancy period and the sprouting of seed tubers during storage at low temperature did not have a determinant influence
on plant development, tuber formation or the duration of the plant cycle in this large and highly diverse population of potato. 相似文献
6.
Summary The effect of water stress on yielding capacity of potatoes was studied in 3 years using four different levels of soil water
potential (0.7, 1.9, 3.4 and 7.8 atm.) in experiments in specially adapted structures that excluded uncontrolled water supply.
Seed tubers from these crops were planted in the following years to investigate effects of water stress on their subsequent
performance.
Limited soil moisture availability decreased yield and the number and size of tubers. The growing period was shortened by
1–4 weeks and dormancy period by 2–8 weeks. In the following year, seed produced under conditions of moisture stress gave
plants with 20% fewer stems. 24–33% less yield, 18–22% fewer tubers and 19–22% fewer large tubers than plants from seed produced
under abundant water supply. It is concluded that the yield potential of seed tubers can be improved by careful attention
to the availability of soil moisture during their production. 相似文献
7.
Summary Four experiments (three with four cultivars, one with twenty cultivars) investigated the effect of different storage temperature
regimes on the duration of dormancy of seed potatoes harvested immature. Regimes included constant temperatures (18 and 28°C),
hot pre-treatments (20 days at 28°C and subsequently 18°C) and cold pre-treatments (20 days at 2°C and subsequently 18°C).
Compared with 18°C, storage at 28°C slightly prolonged dormancy of some cultivars with a genetically short dormancy and shortened
dormancy by up to 45 days in cultivars with a long dormancy. Some tubers of one cultivar lost their ability to sprout after
storage at 28°C for 90 days.
A hot pre-treatment shortened dormancy by 2–3 weeks on average, for all cultivars examined. A cold pre-treatment shortened
dormancy by 2 weeks on average in some cultivars with a short dormancy and in all cultivars with a long dormancy. 相似文献
8.
D. C. E. Wurr C. C. Hole Jane R. Fellows Jane Milling J. R. Lynn P. J. O'Brien 《Potato Research》1997,40(3):297-306
Summary Five experiments studied the effects of shading, temperature and stolon growth medium on stolon and tuber formation. The lowest
numbers of stolons and tubers were produced at the higher and lower nodes. Numbers of primary stolons and tubers were relatively
stable across nodes and treatments and variation in total numbers was largely due to changes in numbers of lateral and branch
stolons. In the field, 70% shading reduced numbers of stolons and tubers by reducing lateral and branch stolons, while in
hydroponics, 45% shading and temperatures at initiation had no effect on tuber numbers. In both environments later planting
tended to reduce numbers of stolons and tubers. There were large effects of the physical environment, with compost producing
three times as many tubers as dry vermiculite. The potential number of tubers may be determined by the number of stolons and
the environmental conditions affecting stolon formation and development. 相似文献
9.
Seed tubers that are planted soon after their harvest give low yields because of dormancy and low growth vigor. In the research reported in this paper, we investigated the advancing effect of a haulm application of gibberellic acid (750 g GA/ha) 6 days before haulm pulling and its interaction with storage temperature regimes on the growth vigor of immaturely harvested seed tubers of three cultivars. The effects on tuber yield were also examined in one experiment. The storage regimes were: 18 C continuously, hot pre-treatments of different duration (different periods at 28 C and subsequently 18 C) and a cold pre-treatment (20 days at 2 C and subsequently 18 C). Both a foliar spray with GA and storage at 28 C enhanced physiological aging of the tubers and greatly advanced the growth vigor, without negative effects on the morphology of the plants. There was a clear interaction between the GA treatment and the storage temperature regime. At early planting, the effect of the treatments on tuber yield were small for Diamant (short dormancy), but strongly positive for Désirée and Draga (long dormancy). 相似文献
10.
The goal of these studies was to evaluate the influence of tuber age on the expression of resistance to Phytophthora infestans in five selected potato genotypes (three cultivars and two clones) varying in tuber resistance and maturity type, and also
to select the best time for testing potato tubers for resistance to blight. Resistance was evaluated by inoculating whole
tubers at 13 different times as they progressively aged during growth and storage. Tuber age was expressed as weeks after
planting. Tubers were rated from week 13 (late July) until week 43 (late February) for tubers planted on 27–28 April, over
three consecutive seasons (2001–2003). Analysis of variance performed on tuber resistance data showed significant effects
of genotype, year and tuber age. Significant contributions of genotype × year, genotype × tuber age, year × tuber age and
year × genotype × tuber age interactions were also detected. A slight increase in tuber resistance with tuber age was observed
for cvs Bzura, Sokół and Irga, while the opposite trend was observed for the clones 97-A-63 and DG 92-227. Changes in tuber
resistance with age of tested genotypes were not related to their maturity type. The period of most stable expression of tuber
resistance was observed when tubers were tested between the 16th and 28th week after planting. 相似文献
11.
Summary Microtubers can be stored longer, transported and handled easier than plantlets, but they have some disadvantages related
to long dormancy. Dormancy, number of sprouts per tuber and loss of microtubers under different storage temperatures were
studied. Microtubers of four genotypes originated from different tuberization treatments (photoperiod combinations) were observed.
We found that dormancy depended on cultivar and — in some cases — on the photoperiod treatment applied during tuberization.
Generally, the dormacy was long and was greatly elongated by low storage temperature. One of the photoperiod treatments shortened
while the other treatment prolonged the rest-period compared to the control, maybe due to a change in temperature accompanying
the change in daily light (photoperiod combination). Besides, these treatments affected the number of sprouts per tuber. There
was no significant difference in duration of dormancy between different tuber-size groups, but the loss increased significanctly
with a decrease in tuber size. Based on this information we can use microtubers more effectively in the seed potato production
programme. 相似文献
12.
Summary Multiplication factors and progeny yield variation in crops from minitubers of five weight classes (ranging from 0.13–0.25
g to 2.00–3.99 g) and conventional seed tubers were studied in field experiments in three years. Multiplication factors were
calculated as the number and weight of progeny tubers produced per planted tuber or per unit planted tuber weight. They were
lower for the lighter minitubers when calculated per tuber and higher when calculated per weight. Yield variation was described
by coefficients of variation for the number and weight of progeny tubers produced. Variation over individual plants of a crop
was higher in stands from the lighter minitubers. Variation over plots within a field was sometimes higher for the lighter
minitubers, but variation over years was similar for all minituber classes. Variation over plots in progeny tuber weight was
higher for minitubers than for conventional tubers. 相似文献
13.
Summary Field performance of five fresh weight classes of minitubers ranging from 0.13–0.25 g to 2.00–3.99 g and conventional seed
tubers was studied in a short growing season (79 or 82 days) in two years. The heavier minitubers gave a more regular emergence,
faster ground cover soon after emergence, higher dry-matter yields, and higher fresh tuber yields. Radiation conversion coefficient
(RCC) did not differ. Higher tuber yields resulted from more radiation intercepted due to a faster ground cover, and a higher
harvest index. All minitubers produced plants with one primary stem. In one experiment when heavier minitubers had long sprouts,
time to 50% emergence decreased with tuber weight, whereas dry-matter concentration of progeny tubers increased. Conventional
tubers appeared superior to minitubers in all characteristics mentioned except RCC, which was similar. Differences in performance
between minitubers and conventional tubers were attributed to weight and age of seed tubers, presprouting method and crop
husbandry. 相似文献
14.
Jadwiga W. Płodowska Peter H. J. Jongebloed Pieter A. C. M. Van De Sanden Paul C. Struik 《Potato Research》1989,32(3):245-253
Summary Single-stemmed potato plants, cv. Bintje, were grown on a nutrient solution under controlled conditions. They were exposed
to a short drought stress, or remained untreated. Long-term measurements of tuber volume were carried out with a non-destructive
volume-meter. Specific leaf weight was monitored with a β-gauge.
Tubers from the same plant varied in rate and duration of growth. The relative growth of stressed tubers was 43–54% less than
that of the control tubers. The hierarchy of tubers from one stem changed over time in plants that were exposed to the stress.
Specific leaf weight declined during the stress period but there was a prompt recovery after the relief from drought. This
response was similar to the response of the average rate of volume increase of the tuber. 相似文献
15.
Summary The growth, development and yield of seven cultivars were evaluated under field conditions with photoperiods from 11.5 to
16 hours and light intensities from full light (≧12 MJ/m2/day) to only 42% light in in 3 experiments in the Philippines. The longer photoperiod significantly delayed and reduced tuberization,
promoted profuse haulm growth, resulting in: more branching, increased plant height, more flowering, many secondary stems
and delayed plant senescence. ‘DTO-33’ was least affected by long photoperiod, followed by ‘Red Pontiac’ and ‘Désirée’. Shading
resulted in delayed tuber initiation, taller plants, thinner stems, smaller leaves but longer canopy duration and a slightly
larger canopy. ‘DTO-33’ was least affected by shading followed by ‘Désirée’, ‘LT-2’ and ’Red Pontiac’. ‘LT-5’ and ‘P-3’ suffered
the greatest tuber yield reduction through shading. 相似文献
16.
Summary Observations were made on dormancy and sprout growth of nine potato cultivars stored at 3–4°C, 7–8°C and 11–12°C, respectively.
Tubers of the cultivar Vanderplank had a very long dormant period (232 days at 3–4°C) and showed little sprout growth at 180
days. The cultivar Koos Smit had a very short dormant period (92 days at 3–4°C) and developed considerable sprout growth at
the higher temperatures. The reaction of tubers of Up-to-date and BP1 were approximately the same, and intermediate between those of Vanderplank and Koos Smit. 相似文献
17.
Summary Potato tuber dormancy is usually defined as lasting from tuber initiation until a sprout of 2 mm long has been formed under
storage conditions optimal for sprouting. We tried to find out whether there is a period during which buds of seed tubers
do not grow and whether different batches of seed take the same time to grow sprouts 2 mm long.
We measured changes in number of leaf primordia and length of tuber buds of cvs Diamant and Désirée over two years. After
early haulm pulling, buds did not grow for at least 60 days (‘Diamant’) or 95 days (‘Désirée’).
Buds in both cultivars and two tuber weights of ‘Diamant’ took about 20 days from the estimated onset of sprouting to grow
2 mm long. We question whether this period is always similar and thus whether the moment sprouts 2 mm long have formed is
a good criterion for the end of dormancy. 相似文献
18.
Willemien J. M. Lommen 《Potato Research》1993,36(4):273-282
Summary Storage losses were studied in minitubers of cvs Agria and Liseta, using five fresh weight classes (<0.50 g, 0.5–0.99 g, 1.00–1.99
g, 2.00–2.99 g, ≥3.00 g), and three successive harvests of the same plantlets. After each harvest, tubers were dired at room
temperature (1 day), curred at 18 °C (13 days) and stored at 2 °C (540 days). Two kinds of storage losses were considered:
(a) losses of entire tubers because of deterioration, and (b) fresh weight losses of the other tubers. Both kinds of losses
were higher in cv. Liseta, in tubers with lower fresh weights and in tubers from the first harvest. Almost all minitubers
≥0.5 g from later harvests and from both cultivars survived storage for 1.5 years. Deterioration occurred mainly from 6 to
12 months of storage. Tubers which deteriorated during cold storage had already shown high weight losses during curing. 相似文献
19.
Summary A comparative study of nine Indian potato varieties showed a good correlation between their total carotenoid content and the
tuber flesh colour. Regardless of varietal differences, carotenoid level showed an increase during storage at ambient temperature
(25–30°C) and to a lesser extent at 2–4°C and 15°C. Tubers exposed to an irradiation dose of 10 krad for sprout inhibition
showed decreased levels of carotenoids during storage, particularly at 15°C where 50% loss was observed after 6 months of
storage. Irradiated tubers stored for seven months at 15°C, on reconditioning at 34–35°C for 6 to 12 days showed a 2- to 6-fold
increase in their carotenoid content. 相似文献
20.
M. Susnoschi 《Potato Research》1981,24(4):381-388
Summary Locally grown seed tubers of nine varieties developing in spring or in autumn in a semi-arid region were examined for length
of dormancy and for sprouting response. In spring, high temperatures during the last part of tuber development markedly shortened
the dormant periods of tubers in comparison with tubers of the same varieties developing in autumn.
The sprouting behaviour of tubers indicated that it is a varietal characteristic influenced by the change in environmental
conditions during tuber development and storage. On tubers developing in spring and stored at high temperatures, three sprouting
patterns were defined: a) apical dominance, characterized by the evident development of the apical sprout and less than 10%
sprouting of the non-apical buds; b) apical influence, the apical sprout well developed and 10–20% sprouting of the non-apical
buds; and c) simultaneous sprouting of 3 or 4 sprouts of similar size per tuber.
It is suggested that apical dominance is a relative rather than an absolute phenomenon. The extent of dominance depends upon
the variety's response to the high temperatures during tuber growth and storage.
Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, Beit Dagan, Israel, 1979 Series, No 301. 相似文献