利用鲜杂鱼代替进口鱼粉制作 配合饲料养鱼效果的初步试验

本文首次报道用鲜杂鱼全部代替进口鱼粉制成的配合饲料进行池塘养成鱼的试验。试验结果为,投喂野杂鱼饲料平均亩产鱼383.9kg,亩成本为1576.5元,亩盈利为584.78元,饲料转换率为58.1％,饲料产投比为3.72,比进口鱼粉饲料成本降低19％,亩成本降低15.5％。开发鲜杂鱼代替鱼粉是养鱼饲料中又一廉价优质的动物蛋白源。     

卤虫替代鲤鱼饲料中进口鱼粉饲养效果试验

我国鱼粉资源缺乏，每年需进口60多万吨，还远不能满足我国饲养业对鱼粉的需要。进口鱼粉价格一涨再涨，饲料价格不断上升。1995年我区鲤鱼颗粒饲料价格已超过245（元／吨。为解决鱼粉短缺和动物蛋白来源不足的矛盾，促进我区渔业稳步发展，合理利用当地饲料资源，提高饲料效率，降低饲料成本，为此，采用运城盐湖卤虫干粉替代进口鱼称进行鲤鱼饲养效果试验。一、鲤鱼饲料配方依据运城地区饲料公司企业标准和山东淡水水产研究所《鲤鱼建议营养指标》，再根据我区饲料资源情况进行饲料配方设计。其中，为使饲料中动物蛋白含量保持一致，卤虫…     

Y—11饲料酵母代替鱼粉饲养鲤鱼种试验

经过119天的试验,投喂以 Y—11饲料酵母作蛋白源的饲料的试验池,亩产鲤鱼种527.5公斤,而以鱼粉作蛋白源的饲料的对照池亩产423.9公斤,试验池比对照池增产24.4％。试验池的饵料系数为1.51,公斤鱼饲料成本为1.86元,对照池的饵料系数为1.47,公斤鱼饲料成本为2.80元。试验还证明,以 Y—11饲料酵母作蛋白源的饲料饲养鱼类,不会给鱼类带来不利影响。随着精养渔业的发展,以鱼粉作为饲料的动物蛋白源已普遍被采用。尽管鱼粉的蛋白质含量较高,氨基酸平衡较好,但近年来由于鱼粉短缺,价格上涨,造成生产成本大幅度提高,已成为精养渔业发展的限制因素。因此,寻求来源广、价格相对较低的动物蛋白源取代鱼粉,显得十分必要。为此,我们于1988年6—10月在吉林省大安县新荒泡渔场,进行了在鲤鱼种日粮中用 Y—11饲料酵母代替进口鱼粉的饲养试验,取得了良好效果,现报告如下。     

罗氏沼虾池塘饲养高产试验

用面积分别为2．05亩、2．10亩和5．34亩的3口池塘进行了罗氏沼虾池塘饲养试验。结果最高亩产201．1kg,平均亩产166．1kg，平均亩产186．27kg。最高亩盈利7576.45元，最低亩盈利5600．14元，平均亩盈利6718．79元，饲料系数为1．60-1．667对放养规格与成活率的关系、饲料系数低的原因和饲养时间与产量的关系进行了探讨。     

以可消化氨基酸为基础研制产蛋鸡无鱼粉饲粮试验

选用272只罗曼褐商品蛋鸡，采用2×3重复交叉试验设计进行了以可消化氨基酸为基础研制产蛋鸡无鱼粉饲粮的研究。结果表明，根据饲料可消化氨基酸含量。采用全植物性蛋白质饲料研制的产蛋鸡无鱼粉饲粮，试鸡的产蛋性能、饲料转化率均达到相同营养水平的鱼粉型饲粮的效果，料蛋比为2．4％。每吨无鱼粉型饲粮可降低原料成本74．96元，平均每只试鸡每天可多获毛利0．0168元，提高11．28％，经济效果良好。     

渔用新饲料蛋白源的开发和应用研究

笔者就新开发的四种蛋白饲料，即；饲料酵母、土霉：素渣、月见草籽粕、DDG应用的可行性、配合比例以及与其它饲料原料配伍使用等技术问题进行了研究。经过两年2008亩池塘的大面积推广应用，平均亩产528．8kg，最高亩产达1157．5kg。平均亩盈利1120元，kg鱼饲料成本1．98元，饲料经济效率3．12，投入产出比1：1．58。该研究已成为吉林省精养渔业降本、增收、节粮、节汇的重要措施，同时为轻工、医药工业的废液废渣处理拓宽了领域。     

尼罗罗非鱼海水养殖高产试验

本文报告在4．8亩海水池塘中饲养尼罗罗非鱼，获亩产1020．8公斤，亩净产909．5公斤，商品率74．9％，亩纯收入1593．78元，成本利润121%；带动群众承包鱼塘29．12亩，亩产316公斤。尼罗罗非鱼在盐度5-18．5‰的海水中生长良好，采取投放大规格越冬鱼种、施肥与投喂配合饲料相结合，人工耢苗及增放斑鳢控制密度、适时起捕商品鱼等措施可达到增产增收的目的。尼罗罗非鱼是联合闰粮农组织(FAO)向世界推荐为当今应加注目的蛋白质资源，并定为向世界各国推荐的养殖对象。1978年引入我国，979年进入我区。1981年我区首次进行尼罗罗非鱼海水试养成功后，由于尼罗罗非鱼摄食量大，养殖饵(饲)料供应不足，几年来的养殖单产徘徊在50多公斤，商品率仅在30％左右。为探索尼罗罗非鱼海水养殖高产途径，为将来大面积海水养殖解决饲料以及饲养措施等问题提供依据，1987年我们承担了区水产局下达的《尼罗罗非鱼海水养殖高产试验》项目，在防城县火光农场4．8亩海水池塘进行了1年试验，获平均亩产1020．8公斤，亩净产909．5公斤，商品率达74．9％，亩纯收入1593．78元的结果，现将试验情况报告如下：     

饲料中添加不同比例的磷脂油养殖虹鳟试验

58天的试验证明，在虹鳟配合饲料中适当增加磷脂油的添加比例，可以起到降低虹鳟鱼饲料成本，增加产量的效果。与饲料中添5％磷脂油相比，当磷脂油添加比例增加到15．6％时，净产量增加12．7％，公斤鱼的饲料成本降低9．0％，饲料蛋白质效率提高18％。     

《开发玉米麸质粉作为鱼用配合饲料原料代替部分进口鱼粉的试验研究》通过鉴定

<正> 由省科委下达、平山县水产局承担的该项目于1991年12月30日在石家庄通过技术鉴定。该项目改变依靠进口鱼粉作为配合饲料蛋白源、从而降低饲料成本。试验用玉米麸质粉替代进口鱼粉67％的配合饲料,网箱养殖罗非鱼,每平方米单产69.74kg,与全量添     

垄稻沟鱼高产试验总结报告

1992年4～10月在29．4亩稻田上进行垄稻沟鱼试验。全年亩产稻谷980．9kg，比1991年增产137kg，增产16．2％。试验田与对照田比较，亩增产130．3kg，增产13％。鱼亩产71．9kg。亩总产值1099元，亩纯收入为819元(不计人工费)，比只种稻亩新增产值452．9元，亩新增纯收入372．1元。投入产出比1：5．00。     

国产鱼粉替代进口鱼粉饲养牙鲆试验报告

以国产鱼粉和进口鱼粉 ,分别设计成两种等蛋白、等能量的干粉料 ,与小杂鱼按一定的比例混合制成软颗粒饲料 ,投喂南方池养牙鲆进行饲养对比试验 ,经过 2 0 4天的饲养 ,投喂A料、B料的尾相对增重率分别为 2 4 0 1 %、 2 4 83% ,尾平均日增重分别为 2 .1 8g、1 .4 6 g ;饲料系数分别为 2 .0 5、 2 .6 0 ,牙鲆增重 1kg所需饲料成本分别为 9.6 6 元和 1 3.6 5 元。牙鲆鱼肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,5种鲜味氨基酸的含量很接近     

Evaluation of potential of lupin meal as an alternative to fish meal in juvenile Penaeus monodon diets

An indoor feeding trial in a flow-through marine water system was performed to evaluate the feasibility of using dehulled lupin Lupinus albus seed meal as a protein source to replace fish meal in diets for the juvenile Penaeus monodon. Five isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) diets formulated by replacing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of fish meal protein by lupin meal protein were fed to shrimp (mean initial weight of 4.32 ± 0.23 g) three times daily at a feeding allowance of 5% body weight per day for 42 days. Shrimp fed diets with 0, 25, 50 and 75% replacement had similar (P > 0.05) weight gain, dry matter feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and apparent net protein utilization (ANPU). Shrimp fed the highest dietary inclusion level of lupin meal (100% replacement) had significantly (P < 0.05) lower responses for all the above parameters than shrimp fed all other diets. Survival was high (87–100%) and similar for all diets. Apparent dry matter digestibility (ADMD) of diets with 25, 50, 75 and 100% replacement of fish meal with lupin meal was similar (75.6–76.6%) and significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of diet with 0% replacement (73.9%). Diets containing the two highest lupin inclusion levels (75 and 100% replacement) had significantly (P < 0.05) better apparent protein digestibility (APD) than those containing the two lowest lupin meal inclusion levels (0 and 25% replacement). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in whole-body composition (dry matter, protein, lipid and ash) of shrimp fed on the various diets. Pellet water stability was inversely related to level of lupin meal inclusion. It was found, in this study, that up to 75% protein of fish meal can be replaced with the protein of dehulled lupin seed meal in diets for juvenile P. monodon. The diet with total replacement of fish meal containing 40% lupin meal was utilized very poorly by the shrimp.     

池塘鱼鸭混养高产技术试验

研究了鱼鸭混养技术措施，初步探索出鱼鸭混养的最佳养殖模式；放养大规模鱼种，滤食性鱼占４５％，杂食性鱼占５％，底层鱼占５０％，每亩水面配养鸭１２０只，每亩纯收入９２１６．７４元，比单纯养鱼提高３００％，专家验收认为：技术和综合效益均达国内领先水平。     

利用棉籽浓缩蛋白替代条纹锯(鮨)饲料鱼粉的潜力

通过10周生长实验评价了利用棉籽浓缩蛋白替代条纹锯鮨(Centropristis striata)饲料鱼粉的潜力。采用单因素实验设计,设4个鱼粉替代水平。对照饲料(C)中鱼粉含量为35%,通过添加棉籽浓缩蛋白分别替代饲料C中鱼粉的40%(R40)、60%(R60)和80%(R80)。每个处理设3个重复。实验鱼初始体重为29.5 ± 0.5g。实验期间,每天分两次按饱食量投喂实验饲料。结果表明：利用棉籽浓缩蛋白替代饲料鱼粉对鱼摄食、生长、饲料利用效率、鱼体组成和养殖废物(氮、磷和碳)排放量无显著影响,但单位鱼产量鱼粉消耗量(RCP)随饲料鱼粉含量下降而降低。基于生长、饲料成本、对环境的影响和RCP进行综合分析结果表明投喂饲料R80时养殖效益有别于投喂饲料C、R40和R60时。上述结果显示通过添加棉籽浓缩蛋白可将条纹锯鮨饲料鱼粉含量降低至7%。     

哲罗鲑的集约化流水养殖

本文对利用泉水集约化养殖哲罗鲑的生长情况、饵料系数、养殖成活率、病害防治进行了总结,并进行了养殖密度和饲料对比试验。经过323d的养殖,哲罗鲑从初始时的1．59g／尾增长到1020g/尾,达到了上市标准,养殖成活率84．84％,饵料系数0．86;密度和饲料实验表明放养800尾/池的哲罗鲑能够获得较好的效果,且投喂进口饲料的哲罗鲑饵料系数0．92,每Kg鱼饲料成本9．05元,投喂国产饲料的哲罗鲑饵料系数1．05,每Kg鱼饲料成本7．66元;影响哲罗鲑的主要疾病是小瓜虫病、烂鳃病和出血病,要提早预防。     

高品质鱼粉加工装置研究

随着水产养殖业的高速发展,鱼粉作为优质水产饲料的原料在国内有着很大需求。为提高鱼粉生产的效率、提升鱼粉成品的品质,研制了一种高品质鱼粉加工装置。该装置优化了加工工艺和加工设备,精准控制鱼粉加工过程中蒸煮、压榨、干燥环节的工艺参数,通过引入蛋白质检测装置,精准控制蒸煮环节温度,以此降低蛋白质变质现象;采用双级干燥工艺和脂肪检测装置来降低鱼粉的含水量和脂肪含量。成品鱼粉品质的测定试验表明,该装置生产出的鱼粉与传统加工装置生产的鱼粉相比,蛋白质含量提高11%,脂肪含量降低17%。通过饲养试验进一步验证了鱼粉品质的优越性。从渔业可持续发展的角度来看,高品质鱼粉加工装置具有较好的市场前景。     

Effects of dietary phospholipid level and fraction on the feed intake of non‐fish meal diet in yellowtail,Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck & Schlegel, 1845

Three feeding studies were conducted to investigate whether dietary soybean lecithin (SBL) enhanced feed intake of non‐fish meal, SPC‐based diet, in yellowtail, and also to clarify which fraction of phospholipid (PL) was effective to enhance feed intake. In experiments 1 and 2, fish were fed SBL level at 0%–5%, and it was revealed that the daily feeding rate (DFR) of fish was significantly higher for SBL 2% than for SBL 0%, while a further increase of SBL in the diet did not additionally increase the DFR. Moreover, the DFR of fish fed a diet without feeding stimulants (FS) was the lowest among the dietary treatments, indicating that the SBL does not have an effect of enhancing feed intake in yellowtail. In experiment 3, fish were fed a diet with several products containing PL at 2%. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol concentrations in these products positively correlated to the DFR of fish. This result revealed that these two fractions in the SBL are effective for enhancing feed intake of yellowtail when FS is present in the diet.     

Replacement of fish meal with co-extruded wet tuna viscera and corn meal in diets for white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone)

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of replacing fish meal with co‐extruded wet tuna viscera and corn meal in diets for juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Five practical diets were formulated to contain 30% crude protein and 16.6 kJ g^?1. The feeding experiment was carried out in a recirculating seawater system with fifteen 25‐L tanks with 15 shrimp per tank. Each dietary treatment was fed in triplicate in a completely randomized design for 41 days. Percent weight gain (WG%), survival (S%) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated, comparisons of these parameters showed no statistical differences (P>0.05) among treatments. The shrimp almost tripled their weight during the feeding trial. Under the experimental conditions S%, WG% and FCR were either improved or were not significantly influenced by the replacement of fish meal with double co‐extruded viscera+corn, except for a slight increase in feed consumption without affecting FCR. Hence, this product can be included by up to 40% in practical shrimp diets without any detrimental effects.     

Supplementation of various meals to fish meal diet for chum salmon fry

In a 6-week feeding experiment, chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, swim-up fry, were fed fish meal diets supplemented with silkworm pupae powder (5%), dried beef liver (5%), krill meal (5%) or earthworm powder (5%) at the expense of fish meal, or substituting glucose (13%) for dextrin. Fish fed the diet with earthworm powder showed the best growth performance (675% weight gain in 6 weeks) and feed efficiency (117%). The growth rate and feed efficiency of the krill meal group were also significantly better than those of the control group (without supplement or substitution). Substitution of glucose and supplementation of silkworm pupae or beef liver failed to improve the growth rate, but significantly improved feed efficiency. Food consumption of fish fed the diet supplemented with earthworms was lowest, and none of the dietary treatments appreciably increased food intake of the fish over that of the control group. The dietary group receiving earthworm powder also showed significantly higher body fat content than the remaining dietary groups. No significant differences were noted in body protein and ash contents among all dietary treatments.     

4种豆粕替代鱼粉对大黄鱼生长、抗氧化及抗菌能力的影响

分别用9种等氮等能的饲料投喂初始体质量为(34.72±0.28)g的大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)。其中1组投喂对照饲料(含50%鱼粉,不含豆粕),另外8个试验组分别投饲由去皮豆粕(DSM)、酶解豆粕(ESM)、发酵豆粕Ⅰ(FSMⅠ)和发酵豆粕Ⅱ(FSMⅡ)替代20%和40%的鱼粉的饲料,9组分别命名为FM、DSM20、DSM40、ESM20、ESM40、FSMⅠ20、FSMⅠ40、FSMⅡ20、FSMⅡ40。在海水浮式网箱中进行7周的养殖实验后,评定4种豆粕替代鱼粉的可行性及适宜替代水平。结果显示,试验组与对照组鱼存活率和特定生长率无显著差异(P0.05)。血清生化指标显示,FM组和FSMⅡ20组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于其它试验组(P0.05),FM、DSM20、FSMⅠ40、FSMⅡ20组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于DSM40、ESM20、ESM40及FSMⅠ20组(P0.05),不同试验组的丙二醛(MDA)含量均不同程度高于对照组。酶解豆粕替代40%鱼粉导致实验鱼的血清对哈维氏弧菌的抵抗能力下降,去皮豆粕替代20%鱼粉导致血清对溶藻弧菌抵抗能力下降;但发酵豆粕不影响血清及黏液对3种菌的抵抗能力。研究表明,以特定生长率、饲料转化率和抗菌能力为评价指标,发酵豆粕是鱼粉的最佳替代源,发酵豆粕Ⅰ和Ⅱ均能替代20%~40%的鱼粉,但存在抗氧化能力下降的风险,尤其是发酵豆粕Ⅰ40%替代组;去皮豆粕和酶解豆粕替代鱼粉在抗菌能力和抗氧化能力方面无优势。