不同丛枝菌根真菌对番茄酶活性及光合作用的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了不同丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对番茄酶活性及光合作用的影响.结果表明,6种不同AM真菌(Glomus versiforme,Glomus mosseae-2,Glomus intraradices,Glomusdiuphauam,Glomus mosseae,Glomus etunicatum)侵染番茄后,与对照相比番茄叶片POD、SOD、PAL、PPO活性显著的增加,MDA含量显著下降,其中接种G.v的诱导作用最大;G v对番茄的菌根侵染率、菌根依赖性最大,分别是52.7%和75%,其提高番茄光合的效果最为显著.     

丛枝菌根对猕猴桃生理代谢及保护酶系统的影响

试验以接种摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae(G.m)、地表球囊霉G.versiforme(G.v)为处理,研究菌根处理对猕猴桃幼苗生长、矿质营养吸收、光合作用以及对保护酶系统的效应。结果显示:丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)能显著提高植株对氮、磷、钾三种矿质元素的吸收,接种AMF对猕猴桃光合作用和三大保护酶的效应均显著高于对照。试验还发现G.m处理对猕猴桃幼苗的侵染率、磷含量、叶绿素、光合作用、POD、SOD的作用优于G.v。但在对猕猴桃幼苗氮含量、钾含量、CAT活性的影响上则是G.v的作用更显著。试验结果表明:菌根真菌接种是促进猕猴桃幼苗生长与代谢的有效生物技术措施。     

菌根真菌和腐植酸有机肥对樱桃番茄产量和品质的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和施用腐植酸有机肥对樱桃番茄产量和品质的影响。结果表明:接种菌根真菌能够显著提高植株根系菌根的侵染率和果实干重;接种对品质的改善表现在果实中的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和可滴定酸的含量明显提高,糖酸比适中,果实风味品质好。腐植酸有机肥对果实风味调节效果明显。接种和施肥都能提高樱桃番茄的产量,但效果均不显著。     

限根处理下根系矿质元素和微生物互作对番茄生长及品质的影响

以瑞粉882为试材，采用限根栽培方式，分别设定0.5、1、4、15 L(CK)4种限根体积处理，研究不同限根处理下根系矿质元素和微生物互作对番茄植株生长和果实品质的影响。结果表明，限根处理均显著降低了番茄植株的株高、叶面积及单果质量；但能不同程度地提高果实品质，其中0.5 L限根体积处理的果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、VC含量均显著高于对照，较对照分别提高了35.48%、36.09%、29.69%。根系受限后根系悬浮液EC值增加，p H值降低，根系活力提高，但对全氮、全磷、全钾的吸收比例不同，其中根系中全氮、全钾含量升高，全磷含量降低。根系微生物方面，限根栽培增加了细菌、放线菌数量，但减少了真菌数量。综合分析可知，限根栽培番茄植株的根系受垂直和水平方向的限制，根系微环境含盐量高、养分含量失衡，从而导致植株生长矮小，但0.5 L限根体积可以显著提高果实中可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、VC含量。     

AM真菌与根瘤菌接种对菜豆生长的影响

以泰国无筋地豆为试材,在温室盆栽的条件下,分别单接种丛枝菌根真菌(AM)、单接种根瘤菌(RH)、双接种丛枝菌根真菌和根瘤菌(AM+RH),以不接种为对照(CK),研究不同接种方式对菜豆植株生长、结瘤、单株总荚质量、AM菌根侵染率、植株氮磷含量及吸收量、单株黄叶率等的影响。结果表明:双接种AM+RH能显著促进菜豆植株的生长,植株总干质量比单接种AM、单接种RH和CK分别增加34.3%、82.3%和57.9%;双接种AM+RH可提高菜豆单株总荚质量,促进菜豆植株对氮、磷元素的吸收,全株吸磷量比单接AM、单接RH和CK分别增加42.1%、314.8%和325.4%,全株吸氮量比单接种AM、单接种RH和CK分别增加36.8%、45.1%和43.4%;AM真菌与RH具有协同促进的作用,且AM真菌能有效提高菜豆的抗性,减少叶片变黄的比率,减轻了病害为害程度。     

丛枝菌根真菌在不同基质中对枳苗生长及氮磷吸收的影响

为筛选出适合枳砧木苗生长的菌根菌种类及基质组合,促进丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌在柑桔砧木容器苗生产中的高效应用,选取腐叶土、麦糠和菌渣为主要基质,分别与园土和河沙按体积比2∶1∶1配成混合栽培基质,以摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae、地表球囊霉G.versiforme、地球囊霉G.geosporum和透光球囊霉G.diaphanum为供试菌种,采用容器育苗方法,研究了4种丛枝菌根真菌及其组合处理在3种基质下对枳苗生长及其氮、磷吸收的影响。结果表明,自然接种菌根侵染率不超过40%,人工接种侵染率可高达80%;枳苗以地表球囊霉接种和腐叶土或麦糠组合的侵染率最高,分别为80.7%和78.7%;以地表球囊霉接种和麦糠组合促进生长的效果最显著,菌根依赖性达到342.4%,生物量比对照高出278%,该组合促进植株氮、磷吸收的效果也最显著,其吸氮总量比对照高482.0%,吸磷总量比对照高553.8%。适合枳容器苗生长的最佳AM真菌和基质组合是地表球囊霉+麦糠混合基质。     

丛枝菌根真菌对“金口”芹菜生长和品质的影响

为探索丛枝菌根真菌对芹菜植株生长发育的影响,以摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae,Gm)、地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme,Gv)和根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices,Gi)为供试AM真菌,以"金口"芹菜为试材,研究了3种AM真菌对"金口"芹菜根系的侵染率、根系活力、生长和品质的影响。结果表明:不同AM真菌对芹菜根系的侵染率不同,Gm真菌的侵染率显著高于Gv和Gi。接种AM真菌均可显著提高芹菜根系活力。接种AM真菌的芹菜株高、根长、地上部和根鲜重、干重均显著高于对照,其中接种Gm处理最优。接种AM真菌的植株根/冠比均显著低于对照。接种3种AM真菌均可显著提高芹菜叶片叶绿素和叶柄维生素C含量,其中接种Gm真菌的芹菜含量最高;接种AM真菌的芹菜叶柄纤维素、硝态氮含量显著降低,降低幅度为GmGvGi。可见,Gm真菌为适于"金口"芹菜生长并改善品质的优良菌种。     

丛枝菌根真菌对香蕉试管苗植株生长和矿质营养吸收的影响

以Williams香蕉(MusaAAA)试管苗为材料,在温室盆栽条件下研究丛枝菌根真菌(AM真菌)对香蕉植株矿质营养和营养生长的影响。试验设3个处理,不接种对照和2个菌根接种处理:接种单一菌种Glomusversiform、接种混合菌种G.versiform、G.epigaeam、G.cadedonium。结果表明,香蕉植株的菌根侵染率为22.8%～32.9%;接种AM真菌促进了香蕉植株的营养生长,显著地增加地上部和根系的干重,其菌根依赖性达到30.8%～37.8%,植株的株高、叶片数和叶片长度略有提高;接种单一菌种增加了须根的数量,但2个接种处理均降低须根的长度,使得总根长减少;单一接种剂和混合接种剂分别显著提高植株的P和K含量,2个接种处理都显著地促进了植株对N、P、K的吸收,P增幅最大,为70%～120%,K的增幅次之,为80%左右,N的增幅最小,为40%～60%。结果还表明,混合接种剂的生长促进效果略好于单一接种剂。     

AM真菌和根结线虫互作对黄瓜幼苗生理变化的影响

以黄瓜为试材,采用盆栽方法,设置了播种30d后接种根结线虫(M.)、接种G.i 30d后接种根结线虫(G.i+M.)和接种G.v30d后接种根结线虫(G.v+M.)3个处理,研究了2种AM真菌Glomus inartradiees(G.i)和Glomus versiforme(G.v)与根结线虫Meloidogyne sp.(M.)互作对黄瓜幼苗生理变化的影响。结果表明:黄瓜幼苗受到根结线虫侵染后,叶片的PAL、PPO活性及总酚含量分别在144、72、288h达到最高;接种AM真菌提高了黄瓜幼苗PAL、PPO活性及多酚含量,表明接种AM真菌可提高黄瓜幼苗对根结线虫侵染的抗性。接种G.v和G.i真菌均使黄瓜幼苗MDA含量低于对照,降低了后期根结线虫侵染造成的膜脂过氧化伤害。综合以上分析可知,接种AM真菌G.v和G.i不仅激发了黄瓜幼苗较高的保护性酶活性,且激发了黄瓜幼苗的次生代谢物质总酚的积累,增加了植株对根结线虫的抗性,同时维护了细胞膜的完整性。G.v对黄瓜植株的保护作用要优于G.i。     

双孢菇菌糠对土壤养分含量及番茄果实品质的影响

试验研究了不同配比的双孢菇菌糠对土壤主要养分含量以及番茄果实品质的影响。结果表明:基质配比中处理1(30%双孢菇菌糠+70%田土)的栽培效果最佳,不仅有效地增加土壤中碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷和有机质含量,而且显著改善了番茄果实的品质。处理1番茄中可溶性固形物含量较对照组提高了33.4%,Vc含量较对照组提高了11.4%,可溶性总糖含量较对照组提高了23.4%,有机酸含量无显著变化。可见,双孢菇菌糠堆肥具有提高土壤肥力和番茄果实品质的效应。     

Effect of three Greek arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in improving the growth,nutrient concentration,and production of essential oils of oregano and mint plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been widely used in agriculture to improve the cultivation of many crops. One of the aims of this study was the isolation and molecular identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from mountain areas of Northern Greece (Ritini Pieria, Elatochori Pieria, Ambelakia Ossa). Only three isolates were obtained; two of Glomus etunicatum and one of G. lamellosum. The second objective of this study was to investigate the effect of these arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the concentration of macro- and micronutrients in tissues, the quantity and quality of essential oils and the growth of oregano and mint plants (two widely used aromatic plants in Greece). It was found that mycorrhizal oregano and mint plants had a higher content of essential oils and nutrient elements, and grew better than non-mycorrhizal plants. In addition, the composition of the essential oil in mycorrhizal plants differed from the oil of non-mycorrhizal plants. These results suggest that the use of mycorrhizal fungi may allow plant growth in low fertility soils, reduce fertilizer inputs and increase aromatic plant production of essential oils, They also indicate that it may be possible to use mycorrhizae to affect the quality of the essential oil produced.     

丛枝菌根真菌对水分胁迫下枇杷实生苗生长和养分吸收的影响

 以‘早钟6号’枇杷（Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.‘Zaozhong 6’）实生苗为试材,研究了3种水分梯度（正常供水、轻度水分胁迫和重度水分胁迫）下,分别接种3种丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM）真菌（光壁无梗囊霉Acaulospora laevis、摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae和苏格兰球囊霉Glomus caledonium）对实生苗生长和养分吸收的影响。结果表明,接种AM真菌的植株具有更高的地上部和地下部干质量;3种AM真菌均可增加枇杷苗氮、钾、磷、钙、镁、铜的吸收。说明接种AM真菌增强了枇杷苗的养分吸收能力,提高了其抗旱性,促进了枇杷苗生长。在3种AM真菌中苏格兰球囊霉是枇杷苗的优势菌种。     

丛枝菌根真菌与土壤养分交互作用的生态效应研究

土壤养分影响AM真菌种属组成、AM真菌的丰度、孢子数量、孢子密度以及频度;AM真菌反过来影响宿主植物和土壤微生物及其群落多样性。在总结国内外相关研究成果基础上,分析了土壤养分N、P、K以及土壤有机质等因子对AMF生长发育及群落多样性的影响,不同AMF在不同土壤养分环境中对宿主植物的生长及N、P、K营养元素的吸收的影响,以及AMF对土壤微生物及其群落的影响。最后提出了AM真菌与土壤交互作用的几个重要方向,为今后开展菌根多样性及生物多样性研究提供依据。     

VA 菌根菌对日光温室黄瓜生长发育的影响

 研究了不同VA 菌根菌与不同季节日光温室黄瓜共生, 对黄瓜苗期、营养生长期、生殖生长期的生长发育和最终经济产量的影响。结果表明: VA 菌根菌能与黄瓜共生在不同季节日光温室中, VA 菌根菌中Glomus mosseae ( GM) 的侵染率最高; 三种VA 菌根菌都显著促进共生黄瓜幼苗期的生长( 株高、茎粗、叶面积) , 促进营养生长期的生长发育, 使地上部和地下部干、鲜样质量增加; VA 菌根菌提高了日光温室黄瓜的经济产量, 其中GM 的促进作用最显著。     

Screening mycorrhiza species for plant growth,P and Zn uptake in pepper seedling grown under greenhouse conditions

We screened the mycorrhizal species for an inoculum protocol would green pepper seedling production and compensate for nutrient deficiency. Three greenhouse studies (on three successive years) were conducted under nursery conditions using five arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and their mixture. The AM fungi, Glomus mosseae, G. clarum, G. caledonium, G. intraradices and G. etunicatum propagated on maize roots were used. The AM fungi were inoculated to seed stages and half of the seed stages inoculated plants were re-inoculated at the seedling stages. In Experiment I, plants were harvested once and in Experiments II and III, plants were harvested twice at different developmental stages.     

The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation on key growth parameters and fruit yield of pepper plants grown at high salinity

This study investigated the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonisation by Glomus clarum on growth and fruit yield of pepper (Capsicum annum cv. 11B 14) grown at high salinity. The experiment was conducted in pots containing a mixture of perlite and sand (1:1, v/v) under glasshouse conditions. Treatments were: (1) no added NaCl without arbuscular mycorrhizae (NS-AM), (2) no added NaCl with arbuscular mycorrhizae (NS + AM), (3) added 50 mM NaCl without arbuscular mycorrhizae (S1-AM) and (4) added 100 mM NaCl without arbuscular mycorrhizae (S2-AM), (5) added 50 mM NaCl with arbuscular mycorrhizae (S1 + AM) and (4) added 100 mM NaCl with arbuscular mycorrhizae (S2 + AM). The NaCl treatments reduced pepper shoot and root dry matter, and fruit yield compared with the non-saline treatments. The concentrations of N, P and K, in the leaves were significantly reduced by salinity stress, however, mycorrhizal colonisation of the salt-stressed plants restored leaf nutrient concentrations to the levels in non-stressed plants in most cases. AM inoculation improved pepper growth under salt or saltless conditions and reduced cell membrane leakage.     

盐胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌对番茄吸水及水孔蛋白基因表达的调控

 采用盆栽试验研究不同浓度（0.5%和1.0%）NaCl胁迫下接种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae-2 对番茄吸水特性的影响,并用realtime-PCR技术分析了根系中5个水孔蛋白基因（LePIP1,LePIP2,LeTRAMP,LeAQP2,LeTIP）的表达。结果表明：盐胁迫下接种丛枝菌根真菌能促进植株生长和对水分的吸收,显著提高叶片相对含水量、叶片水势及根系水导;丛枝菌根真菌和盐胁迫共同调控了5个水孔蛋白基因的表达;与未接菌株相比,接种植株LeAQP2基因表达上调,其余4个基因表达下调。LeAQP2基因在接菌株根中的过量表达与盐胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌提高番茄根系水导有关。     

接种AM真菌对温室甜瓜产量及品质的影响

通过温室试验研究了接种2种AM真菌(GM,GV)对风味三号甜瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:苗期接种AM真菌能增加苗期甜瓜的植株茎粗、叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率,收获时可提高甜瓜的产量,改善营养风味品质,表现为甜瓜果实VC含量增高及硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐含量的显著降低,2种菌剂以GM的应用效果更好。     

三种丛枝菌根真菌对辣椒根系生长的影响及效应分析

以辣椒品种金塔为试材,播种时分别接种3种丛枝菌根真菌菌剂(G.etunicatum、G.mosseae、G.versiforme),菌根化育苗后定植,研究辣椒生长发育过程中根系的生长及酶活性变化。结果表明:3种丛枝菌根处理的根系生物量,根系活力,根系SOD、POD、CAT活性及产量均明显高于对照。3个供试菌种中,G.mosseae对辣椒根系的促生效应表现最佳。     

Influence of sulfur supply,ammonium nitrate ratio,and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on growth and composition of Chinese chive

Tissue concentrations of phytochemicals formed by Allium species may be influenced by plant nutrient supply or rhizosphere microorganism activity. To test these relations, three plant nutritional factors were varied in two experiments with Chinese chive [Allium tuberosum]: (a) increasing sulfur concentrations in the substrate, (b) two ratios of ammonium to nitrate in supply, and (c) inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Shoot dry weight, nutrient composition (nitrate, N, P, S), and organosulfur compounds (measured indirectly as pyruvic acid) were determined.