中药复方对嗜水气单胞菌的抗菌试验

采用二倍稀释法测定了5种复方中草药对嗜水气单胞菌菌株的抑菌效果。结果表明:以五倍子、黄连、黄芩等为主要成分组成的A、C、D三组复方中草药对嗜水气单胞菌的抑菌作用明显。     

鱼类嗜水气单胞菌的几种检测方法

本文介绍了7种嗜水气单胞菌的检测方法,分析了不同检测方法的可取之处及不足,供做该项检测工作的人士参考。     

罗非鱼嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定

北京某鱼场饲养的罗非鱼陆续发病死亡,其体表鳞片局部出血,肝、胰、脾脏肿大坏死,肠腔积水等,从病死及濒死罗非鱼的肝、胰脏中分离到 ４ 株细菌,经形态学、生理生化特性及血清凝集试验,鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌。４ 株细菌均能致死小鼠和鲢鱼。药敏试验表明,４ 株细菌对环丙沙星、蒽诺沙星高度敏感,而对青霉素和红霉素不敏感。     

肽聚糖对鲫鱼嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗免疫增强效果的研究

为了探讨肽聚糖在鱼类抗嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila，AH）感染中的免疫佐剂作用，用添加A3a肽聚糖的饲料投喂接种F-AH疫苗的彭泽鲫（Carassius auratus var．pengze）；通过测定鲫白细胞吞噬活性、血清和体表黏液溶菌酶活性、抗体效价以及活菌攻毒后的免疫保护率，证明肽聚糖与F-AH疫苗联合使用，鲫体表黏液和血清溶菌酶活性、白细胞吞噬活性、抗体效价以及活菌攻毒后的免疫保护率均显著提高，表明A3a肽聚糖是F-AH疫苗的良好佐剂，能增强鱼类F-AH疫苗免疫应答。     

嗜水气单胞菌检验程序的研究

本试验系统研究了嗜水气单胞菌（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｉｌａ,Ａｈ）的细菌学及毒力因子检测。对不同来源菌株的细菌作分离及生化鉴定,确定了Ａｈ的六项生化鉴定指标,同时比较确定了ＡＨＭ和ＲＳ作为Ａｈ的选择培养基。检验中氧化酶阳性反应是Ａｈ重要的鉴别指标。比较Ａｈ毒素、蛋白酶及Ｓ蛋白三种毒力因子的常规检测及免疫学检测,根据检测结果选出毒力因子分布各异的Ａｈ菌株作动物致死性试验,最终在Ａｈ三项毒力因子指标中选择蛋白酶一项作为检测指标,具有代表性,同时简化了检验程序,使Ａｈ的检测实际可行。     

单宁酸对嗜水气单胞菌转录组影响的研究

嗜水气单胞菌作为水产养殖业中的主要病原菌,严重危害该产业的发展。为探究单宁酸对嗜水气单胞菌的抑菌作用及其转录组的影响,本实验将单宁酸2倍倍比稀释(8μg/mL～8 192μg/mL)后,测定单宁酸对嗜水气单胞菌ATCC 7966株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);将嗜水气单胞菌分别与不同浓度的单宁酸共培养,根据所测细菌OD600nm值(共测24 h),绘制细菌的生长曲线。结果显示,单宁酸对嗜水气单胞菌的MIC为2 048μg/mL;浓度低于64μg/mL (临界值)单宁酸处理后不影响嗜水气单胞菌的生长。因此本实验采用64μg/mL的单宁酸与嗜水气单胞菌ATCC 7966株共培养,每组重复4次,12 h后提取各组嗜水气单胞菌总RNA,反转录为cDNA后构建cDNA文库,再利用随机引物,经PCR扩增、定量后,采用Illumina HiSeq测序平台进行转录组测序(RNA-Seq)。通过计算每个样品中r RNA的占比(rRNA%)及碱基的错误率对测序数据质控;采用Bowtie2将获得的各组嗜水气单胞菌测序数据与GenBank中嗜水气单胞菌ATCC 7966株参考基因组比对,分析它们之间的相似性。结果...     

网箱鲤鱼嗜水气单胞菌病研究

从四川省三岔湖网箱养殖的自然发病鲤鱼中分离出３株致病菌，用分离菌感染健康小鼠和健康鲤鱼获阳性结果。经培养特性、菌体形态和生理生化特性鉴定，病原菌为嗜水气单胞菌（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｉｌａ），并进行了药敏和治疗试验     

50种中草药体外抑杀嗜水气单胞菌的药效研究

为筛选有效抑制嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila)的中草药,以期为水产养殖业中防治该菌引起的疾病提供实验依据.本研究采用琼脂扩散法(打孔法)测定了地榆等50种中草药对A.hydrophila的抑制作用,并用二倍稀释法测定抑菌效果较强的25种中草药对A.hydrophila的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC).结果显示地榆的抑菌效果最好,其抑菌圈直径达20mm以上,MIC为3.91 mg/mL,MBC为7.81 mg/mL;黄连等24种中草药有一定的抑菌和杀菌效果,巴戟天等25种中草药无抑菌作用.结果表明地榆对A.hydrophila的体外抑制效果最好.     

9种抗菌药物对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌体外抗菌活性研究

采用试管二倍稀释法，测定了9种抗菌药物对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌的体外抗菌活性（MIC和MBC）。结果表明氨苄西林、阿莫西林和诺氟沙星对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌的MIC均为0．125μg／mL，诺氟沙星MBC为0．5μg／mL，氨苄西林和阿莫西林的MBC都为1．0μg／mL。氟苯尼考、替米考星和卡那霉素对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌的MIC分别为：0．5、2和2μg／mL。     

The effect of antibiotics against bovine mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas.

A combination of lincomycin-spectinomycin-tylosin was tested against several strains of mycoplasmas and acholeplasmas as might be encountered in bovine semen and shown to be effective against them. This combination as well as minocin , rosaramicin, rosoxacin, tiamulin, gentamicin and declomycin were tested in vitro against 58 isolates of ureaplasma from the bovine urogenital tract. The lincomycin-spectinomycin-tylosin combination, minocin , rosaramicin, tiamulin and declomycin were quite active, while rosoxacin and gentamicin were much less active against the test strains.     

The use of eugenol against Aeromonas hydrophila and its effect on hematological and immunological parameters in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of eugenol against the fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila and eugenol's effect on hematological and natural immune parameters in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). In vitro, eugenol showed weak activity against A. hydrophila, but in vivo, at a subinhibitory concentration (10 mg L^?1), it promoted survival in infected silver catfish. Eugenol (50 μg mL^?1) reduced the hemolytic activity of A. hydrophila supernatant in vitro in fish erythrocytes. Subjecting catfish to eugenol baths (5 and 10 mg L^?1) for five days did not alter the hematological and immunological parameters studied in this work. Based on these results, eugenol can be used to treat or prevent bacterial diseases in fish.     

牛至油与抗菌药联用体外对产ESBLs大肠杆菌作用的研究初探

采用二倍稀释法,对临床分离产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠杆菌进行牛至油和抗菌药联用体外药敏实验,结果显示,该菌对牛至油较敏感,对除黏菌素外的其他药物均有耐药性。牛至油与卡那霉素联用对该菌呈现无关作用;与阿莫西林、黏菌素、林可霉素联用为相加作用;与氟喹诺酮类、多西环素、乙酰甲喹、氟苯尼考联用均有协同作用。     

几种抗生素对肉鸡生产性能的影响

抗生素作为饲料添加剂已有５０年的历史 ,它在畜牧业中的应用是动物营养史的一大进步。尽管其促生长效果明显 ,但其确切促生长机理至今仍没有统一定论 ,Ｓｕｎｄｅ在１９９０年总结了几种可能的抗生素作用机制 ,目前被大多数人所接受。随着对抗生素研究的深入 ,人们不仅注重抗生素的促生长效果 ,而且在以下几方面对抗生素使用安全性问题更加关注。①饲料中长期使用抗生素 ,其促生长效应是否维持不变。②微生物产生的抗药性是否会传到人体 ,从而影响人用抗生素疗效。③抗生素的残留问题。因此 ,联合国粮农组织 (ＦＡＯ)、世界卫生组织 (ＷＨ…     

抗感染药在抗支原体上的应用与进展

综述了替米考星和罗红霉素等大环内酯类抗生素，沙拉沙星和二氟沙星等氟喹诺酮类抗菌药以及多西环素等四环素类抗生素在抗支原体上的应用与进展。     

The selection in vitro of antibiotics with activity against intracellular S. aureus

The activity of a range of antibiotics on intracellular Staphylococcus aureus was examined using an in vitro system in which staphylococci survived within bovine neutrophils and extracellular organisms were killed by lysostaphin. Cloxacillin in the presence of lysostaphin caused a reduction in the number of viable intracellular S. aureus but cloxacillin alone failed to reduce such bacteria significantly. The cloxacillin appeared to sensitize the staphylococci to lysis by extracellular traces of lysostaphin following neutrophil disruption. Extracellular staphylococci which remained viable after exposure to cloxacillin in the absence of lysostaphin were subsequently killed more rapidly by neutrophils, but this was not found with bacteria exposed to cloxacillin while inside cells. Vancomycin with lysostaphin produced a similar but smaller sensitization effect but this antibiotic also appeared to increase survival of intracellular staphylococci when compared with controls, possibly by impeding neutrophil bactericidal mechanisms. The only other antibiotic to show significant intracellular killing was rifampicin, and in this case the action was independent of lysostaphin.