Effects of dietary supplementation with carnosine on meat quality and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens

1. This study aimed to investigate the effects of carnosine supplementation on meat quality, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation status in broiler chickens.

2. A total of 256 1-d-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments consisting of 8 replicates of 8 chickens each. The birds were supplied with 4 different diets: a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg carnosine, respectively. The whole experiment lasted 42 d.

3. The results showed that dietary supplementation with carnosine linearly increased the values of pH_45 min and redness and reduced drip loss of breast meat. Dietary carnosine increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in liver, serum and breast meat and decreased the contents of lipid peroxides at 21 and 42 d of age.

4. These findings indicated that dietary supplementation with carnosine was beneficial to enhance meat quality, antioxidant capacity and decrease lipid peroxidation status of breast meat.     

Fatty acid composition, oxidative stability and sensory quality of meat from broiler chicken fed autolysate from bacteria grown on natural gas

Bacterial autolysate, a down stream product of bacterial biomass grown on natural gas by mainly the methanotrophic bacteria Methylococcus capsulatus, was fed at 8% as is to broiler chickens from 1 to 35 days of age for studies of fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation and sensory quality of thigh meat stored frozen for 6 month at -18 °C or -80 °C. Lipid oxidation was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and volatile profile by dynamic headspace gas chromatography. Adding bacterial autolysate to diets did not affect the total content of saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids in thigh meat, but increased the levels of C14:0, C16:0, C18:0 and C16:1n-7 and reduced the levels of C18:1n-7, C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 fatty acids. Feeding of bacterial autolysate tended (p < 0.08) to reduce TBARS of meat samples. Contents of volatiles were generally low, but feeding of bacterial autolysate significantly reduced levels of butanal (p < 0.04) and tended to reduce levels of hexanal (p < 0.11), pentanal (p < 0.09), 1-penten-3-ol (p < 0.08) and butanone (p < 0.08). Bacterial autolysate had no effects on sensory quality parameters of meat related to odour and flavour. To conclude, adding bacterial autolysate to diets did not affect the relative proportion of saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids, but reduced content of volatiles in frozen-stored broiler meat. The reduced susceptibility to lipid oxidation in broiler meat may be related to antioxidant properties of the bacterial autolysate.     

Effect of dietary astaxanthin rich yeast,Phaffia rhodozyma,on meat quality of broiler chickens

We evaluated effects of dietary supplementation with astaxanthin (Ax)‐rich yeast, Phaffia rhodozyma (Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous), on broiler chicken meat quality. Fourteen‐day‐old female Ross broilers were divided into three groups: control group, Ax‐free diet; Ax 10 group, 10 mg/kg Ax diet; and Ax 20 group, 20 mg/kg Ax diet for 28 days. At 42 days old, chickens were slaughtered, and then growth performance, meat quality and sensory attributes were analyzed. Compared with the control, a* values increased significantly after slaughter and 48 h postmortem for Ax 20 samples (P < 0.05) and for b* values in Ax 20 and Ax 10 groups (P < 0.05). Cooking loss decreased in the Ax 20 group (P < 0.05). After 120 h aging, contents of several free amino acids and total free amino acid content of Ax 20 group were significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05). In sensory evaluation, meat texture attributes improved significantly in the Ax 20 group (P < 0.01). No significant changes occurred in flavor attribute scores of meat soup from the Ax 20 group compared with the control even though most assessors preferred meat soup from the Ax 20 group. Overall, Ax‐rich yeast in the diet improves broiler chicken meat quality.     

茶多糖对鸡肉品质的影响及机理研究

将1日龄AA肉鸡225只随机分3组，每组设3个重复，每个重复25只，分别在饮水中加入0％、0．2％、0．4％的茶多糖，研究其对鸡肉品质的影响及作用机理。结果表明，茶多糖能显著地改善肉色（P〈0．01），降低滴水损失（P〈0．01），明显增强鸡肉的抗氧化性能（P〈O．05），显著地提高肉鸡血清中的GSH—Px（P〈0．05）、SOD活力（P〈0．05），显著地降低血清中的LDH活力（P〈0．05）。同时，茶多糖有提高肌肉中IMP含量（P〉0．05）、血清中AKP活力（P〉0．05）以及降低肌肉中CHOL、Pb、Cd含量（P〉0．05）和血清中CK活力（P〉0．05）的趋势。     

Dietary supplementation of phenyllactic acid on growth performance,immune response,cecal microbial population,and meat quality attributes of broiler chickens

A total of 750 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly fed 5 dietary treatments with 5 replicate pens per treatment. The 5 dietary treatments fed for 42 d were a corn-soybean meal basal diet without antibiotic (control); a mixture of 10 ppm of avilamycin + 60 ppm of salinomycin as antibiotic growth promoters (AGP); 0.1% phenyllactic acid (PLA); 0.2% PLA; and 0.4% PLA. The BW gain and FE were significantly improved in AGP and PLA groups compared with control group. The white blood cells and heterophil counts were significantly higher in the PLA-supplemented groups compared with AGP and control groups, but the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was lower in the control group than other groups. The plasma IgY concentration was significantly increased in birds fed PLA-supplemented diets, but the plasma IgA and IgM concentrations were not different among the treatment groups. In addition, the antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus was significantly higher in PLA-treated compared with control and AGP-treated groups. Neither PLA nor AGP treatments affected the cecal aerobes andSalmonella content; however, cecalLactobacillus population increased in chickens fed 0.1% PLA, and total coliform bacteria population significantly decreased in chickens fed various levels of PLA and AGP. Dietary supplementation of PLA did not affect the pH, lightness, and redness of breast meat, but the water-holding capacity and shear force value increased and the yellowness decreased significantly when birds were fed PLA. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of 0.1 and 0.2% PLA improves BW gain and FE of broiler chickens. In addition, PLA supplementation increases the immune characteristics and the number of lactic acid bacteria, decreases the number of coliform bacteria, and improves the meat quality attributes of broiler chickens. Thus, dietary PLA could be a viable alternative to antibiotics in broiler diets.     

The effect of dietary turmeric on antioxidant properties of thigh meat in broiler chickens after slaughter

Two hundred and fifty‐day‐old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used to investigate the dietary supplementation effects of different levels of 0.0 turmeric rhizome powder (TRP) (free TRP, F.TRP), 0.25 (low TRP, L.TRP), 0.5 (medium TRP, M.TRP) and 0.75% TRP (high TRP, H.TRP) or 50 mg/kg vitamin E (VE) on antioxidant properties of thigh meat in broiler chickens after slaughter. No effect of treatment was observed for the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in thigh meat (P > 0.05) but all were reduced over time (P < 0.0001). A significant treatment*time interaction was observed for thigh meat GPX activity (P = 0.02). Significant effects of treatment and time were observed for malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the treatments for thigh meat MDA content at slaughter (P > 0.05). Three days after refrigerator storage, MDA content in thigh meat of M.TRP birds was lower than that of F.TRP birds (P < 0.05). Both the M.TRP and VE birds showed a lower MDA content in thigh meat as compared with F.TRP birds 7 days after storage (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary consumption of 5 mg/kg TRP can increases the thigh meat shelf‐life storage and quality in broiler chickens after slaughter.     

Growth performance,carcass characteristics,meat quality and serum profile of broiler chicks fed on housefly maggot meal as a replacement of soybean meal

A study was conducted to invesstigate the housefly maggot meal (HMM) as an alternative protein source to replace the soybean meal in broiler chick's diet. A total of 720 1-day-old male broiler chicks were divided into three groups and fed diets formulated with HMM to replace soybean meal at the rate of 0%, 4% and 8%. The study lasted for 42 days in two phases. Results showed that HMM addition did not markedly affect body weight, average daily body weight gain and average daily feed intake of the broiler chicks. Feed conversion ratio increased linearly (1–21 days) in starter or quadratically (22–42 days) in the grower phase. HMM non-significantly increased the feed intake and body weight during the grower phase. Slight changes were observed for decrease of blood biochemical indices in the platelets (day 21), and alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme (day 42), and increase for red blood cells, packed cell volume, total protein and uric acid on day 42; however, the fluctuations were within the physiological range. Non-significant effects were observed for carcass composition and meat quality, except that HMM numerically reduced the shear force of breast muscle (linear, p = .058). These results are the strong evidence that HMM can be used as an alternative protein source at 8% in broiler chick's diet without any adverse effect on chick's performance.     

饲养方式对产蛋前母鸡肉质、肌肉物理特征和感官评价的影响

文章旨在研究不同饲养方式对产蛋前蛋鸡胸肌和腿肌化学成分、物理特征和感官评价的影响。试验选择1日龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡900只,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复60只。蛋鸡在1~10周龄和11~20周龄时分别饲喂相同的生长前期和生长后期日粮,3个组蛋鸡分别通过笼养、平养(稻谷粉作为垫料)和散养。试验结束后,对蛋鸡屠宰,收集胸肌和腿肌进行分析。结果:平养和笼养组蛋鸡胸肌粗脂肪含量较散养组分别显著提高114.81%和74.07%(P<0.05),但散养组蛋鸡胸肌铁含量较平养组显著提高37.99%(P<0.05),同时胶原含量较笼养组显著提高25.28%(P<0.05)。散养组蛋鸡腿肌粗脂肪和能量含量最低(P<0.05),但散养组粗蛋白质、铁、锌含量分别较笼养组显著提高8.85%、40.26%和17.16%(P<0.05)。散养组蛋鸡胸肌硬度和韧性较笼养组分别显著提高42.69%和27.76%(P<0.05)。笼养组腿肌蒸煮损失较平养组显著提高8.01%(P<0.05),散养组腿肌硬度和韧性分别较平养组显著提高35.24%和133.25%(P<0.05)。与笼养组相比,散养组胸肌风味和咀嚼性显著高于笼养组(P<0.05),同时散养组胸肌总可接受度显著高于平养组(P<0.05)。散养组腿肌风味、多汁性和咀嚼性均显著高于笼养和平养组(P<0.05),同时该组总可接受度较平养组显著提高6.72%(P<0.05)。结论:散养产蛋前蛋鸡的感官指标表现最佳,同时腿肌和胸肌粗脂肪含量最低,粗蛋白质和胶原蛋白含量高,可以改善肌肉口感。     

纤维素复合酶对肉鸡屠宰性能和肉质性状的影响

选用1日龄AA肉鸡128羽,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.1%和0.15%的纤维素复合酶,研究添加不同水平纤维素复合酶对肉鸡屠宰性能和肉质性状的影响。结果表明,添加纤维素复合酶可显著提高肉鸡宰前活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重和胸肌重、全净膛率、半净膛率和胸肌率(P0.05),降低腹脂重和腹脂率(P0.05);改善肉鸡肌肉品质,显著降低了胸肌和腿肌的失水率(P0.05);显著提高肝脏重和肝脏指数(P0.05)。     

鸡肉品质营养调控技术研究进展

鸡肉不但具有高蛋白、低脂肪和低胆固醇的优点,而且肉质嫩滑、滋味鲜美,目前肉鸡产量大幅提高与肉品质的下降之间的矛盾日益突出。鸡肉品质受到遗传、营养、饲养和屠宰加工等多种因素的影响。国内外大量研究表明通过营养调控技术能较好地改善鸡肉品质。文章就肉质评定指标、肉质影响因素及鸡肉品质营养调控现状进行综述,以期为相关技术实际应用提供参考。     

饲粮中添加桑叶干粉对彭县黄鸡肉质的影响

为研究日粮中添加桑叶干粉对彭县黄鸡鸡肉品质的影响,本试验采用360只102日龄彭县黄鸡,随机分为5组,分别饲喂添加0%、3%、6%、9%、12%桑叶干粉的饲粮,正试期47d,试验结束进行鸡肉品质测定。结果表明:饲粮中添加桑叶干粉组肌肉肉色a^*值较对照组分别提高20.44%(P>0.05)、14.57%(P>0.05)、50%(P<0.05)和54.25%(P<0.05);滴水损失较对照组分别降低0.53%(P<0.05)、0.25%(P>0.05)、0.50%(P<0.05)和0.43%(P<0.05);各试验组肌内脂肪含量分别较对照组降低1.48%、1.28%、0.70%和0.68%(P<0.05);桑叶粉添加组饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量较对照组均显著降低(P<0.05)。综上说明,桑叶干粉可应用于肉鸡养殖,改善鸡肉品质。     

亚麻籽对肉鸡生长、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平亚麻籽对肉鸡生长、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。试验选择1日龄AA肉鸡512只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复32只鸡。试验以玉米-豆粕为基础日粮,各组日粮分别在基础日粮中添加0、5%、10%和15%亚麻籽,试验分为两个阶段,共进行42 d。15%亚麻籽组比对照组日增重显著降低10.27%(P <0.05),同时试验后3周体重显著降低7.28%(P <0.05)。随着日粮亚麻籽添加水平的升高,整个试验期肉鸡日增重显著降低(P <0.05)。对照组和5%亚麻籽组较10%和15%亚麻籽组显著降低了0~3周肉鸡料肉比(P <0.05),而对照组较5%和15%亚麻籽组显著降低了4~6周肉鸡料肉比(P <0.05),同时对照组较所有亚麻籽组显著降低了试验全期料肉比(P <0.05)。5%和15%亚麻籽组较对照组显著降低了肉鸡蛋白质和能量利用效率(P <0.05)。与其他各组相比,15%亚麻籽组显著降低了肉鸡胴体重(P <0.05);15%亚麻籽组较对照组和10%亚麻籽组显著降低了胸肌相对重量(P <0.05),而对照组较5%和15%亚麻籽组显著降低了腿肌相对重量(P <0.05)。随着日粮亚麻籽添加水平的升高,胸肌和腿肌亚麻酸含量显著升高(P <0.05),但对照组与5%亚麻籽组对腿肌亚麻酸含量无显著影响(P> 0.05),10%和15%亚麻籽组较对照组显著提高了胸肌和腿肌亚油酸含量(P <0.05)。在本试验条件下,日粮添加15%亚麻籽使肉鸡日增重降低8.2%,但日粮添加亚麻籽可以提高胸肌和腿肌亚油酸和亚麻酸含量,因此,日粮中适宜的亚麻籽添加水平为10%。     

肉鸡肌肉品质的研究现状与趋势

鸡肉是人们食物结构中的重要肉食来源之一。但目前鸡肉产量的增加与肉品品质的下降的矛盾正成为人们关注的热点。本文综述了肉鸡肌肉品质概念、评价系统与方法、影响肌肉品质的因素,并对鸡肉品质研究方向进行了预测。