卵巢线虫(Contortylenchus genitalicola)在中国松褐天牛上的分布与作用研究

[目的]日本学者Kosaka与Ogura发现松褐天牛成虫除携带松材线虫外,雌成虫卵巢内还携带有另一种线虫,他们将其命名为卵巢线虫,并认为这种线虫是松褐天牛成虫的寄生性线虫。我国对该种线虫的研究迄今未见报道。为了证明这种线虫在我国是否存在和分布,开展了本项研究。[方法]分期分批捕获刚羽化的松褐天牛雌雄成虫,采用解剖松褐天牛成虫松树木质部及感病的松褐天牛幼虫等方法,调查卵巢线虫的存在与分布。[结果]通过调查研究,发现我国的松褐天牛成虫体内有该卵巢线虫存在,分布于松褐天牛成虫、幼虫体内和松树木质部3个部位;在松褐天牛成虫体内的卵巢线虫通过松褐天牛雌成虫产卵而接种、进入寄主树木木质部中。同时,木质部的卵巢线虫也有一部分进入松褐天牛幼虫体内寄生,另一部分仍在木质部生活,当松褐天牛幼虫再次发育为成虫时,在木质部中的卵巢线虫和已被寄生的松褐天牛幼虫体内的卵巢线虫再次进入松褐天牛成虫体内,完成循环。卵巢线虫在松褐天牛雌、雄虫体内均有分布,携带率为44.4%,其中松褐天牛雌成虫携带率为43.8%,松褐天牛雄成虫携带率为45.0%,两者间无显著差异;每头松褐天牛成虫平均携带卵巢线虫574条,其中雌成虫平均携带816条,雄成虫平均携带308条,具显著差异。初步研究表明,卵巢线虫在松褐天牛成虫体内只能完成产卵到1~4龄的幼虫阶段,不能完成一个完整的世代;在松褐天牛幼虫体内寄生和在木质部生活的卵巢线虫能完成一个完整世代,但具体过程尚不清楚;调查中未观察到卵巢线虫对松褐天牛成虫有寄生致病或致死的现象,但对松褐天牛幼虫有寄生致死的能力;卵巢线虫常与松材线虫同时存在,而且侵入松树及离开松树的方式与松材线虫相同。[结论]我国松褐天牛体内也发现有卵巢线虫存在;目前尚不能证明该线虫对松褐天牛成虫具有寄生致死性,但对松褐天牛幼虫具有一定的寄生致死性;卵巢线虫的生活史与松材线虫相似,是否与松材线虫一样对松树具有危害性以及其病理作用还有待于进一步研究。     

Bioecological characteristics of Bracon intercessor Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a parasitoid of the poplar clearwing moth, Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rott.) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in Bulgaria

The major bioecological characteristics of Bracon intercessor Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the poplar clearwing moth, Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rott.) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), were studied from 1987 to 2003. Poplar shoots infested with P. tabaniformis larvae were collected in 11 localities in Bulgaria and examined in the laboratory, and infestations were also studied in the field. B. intercessor was recorded in seven localities and was found to be a gregarious external larval parasitoid of P. tabaniformis. Two generations of the parasitoid developed on the host. The first (summer) generation was associated with early and mid-stage (up to third instar) host larvae, and the second (overwintering) generation with third- to fifth-instar larvae. The average number of parasitoid individuals feeding on a host was 4.5 and 12.4 in summer and overwintering generations, respectively. The maximum number recorded was 25 individuals per host in the overwintering generation. B. intercessor overwintered as a mature larva on the host and completed its development in early spring. The adults from the overwintering generation appeared in April, about 1 month prior to emergence of P. tabaniformis. The life cycle of B. intercessor was not in close synchrony with the development of P. tabaniformis in the spring, but the parasitoid adults which fed on honey-sugar solution lived for up to 31 days (males) and 86 days (females), respectively. This suggests that, in the field, B. intercessor females eclosing in the spring could survive until the host larvae appear if nectar is available. Adults of the summer generation emerge from July to September when sufficient suitable host larvae are available. B. intercessor was responsible for 1.5% of the average mortality of the P. tabaniformis overwintering larvae. The host mortality caused by the summer generation of the parasitoid ranged from 3.2% to 5.8%.     

Effect of food,light and host instar on the egg load of the synovigenic endoparasitoid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Venturia canescens</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Laboratory experiments investigated the effect of host instar, light and food on the number of mature eggs in ovaries (egg load) of the synovigenic parasitoid Venturia canescens (Grav.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). The wasps that developed from third or fifth instar larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were exposed to food (honey) or had no food, had access to water or not, and were reared at the photoperiod 16:8 h light:dark or in continuous darkness at 25 ± 1°C, and 60–70% relative humidity. After death, the parasitoids were dissected to remove the reproductive systems, and mature eggs in ovaries were counted. A three-way ANOVA for egg number with host instar, food and light as factors revealed that egg load varied significantly. In addition, some interactions among the three factors were also found to be significant. The maximum average number (215.80 ± 8.51) of mature eggs was found when the parasitoids developed from third instar larvae, were exposed to continuous darkness and fed with honey. In conclusion, host instar, food supplement and photoperiod could have potential for improving biological control efficacy in stores. However, further studies determining the effect of these factors on egg laying behavior and fecundity should be done.     

The colonization preference and population trends of larval fig psylla, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Homotoma ficus</Emphasis> L. (Hemiptera: Homotomidae)

The colonization preference and population trends of larval fig psylla Homotoma ficus L. were studied in Bursa, northwestern Turkey, from March 2000 to July 2001. Homotoma ficus overwintered at the egg stage on terminal buds and lenticels of shoots. Larval emergence occurred on 30th and 11th March in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Degree-day (DD) accumulations since 1st January indicate that the emergence of first larvae averaged 47 DD based on the larval developmental threshold of 10.9°C. Although the population trends of Homotoma ficus larvae were affected by temperature and rainfall, there was only significant relationship between larval abundance and temperature. The first instar larvae significantly preferred the bottom and the inside stipule of leaves. The second instar larvae distributed not only on expanding green tissues but also on both the upper and lower surface of leaves corresponding to the fig bud development period. Third to fifth instars colonized significantly greater on the bottom of leaves compared with the stipule and upper surface. In addition, significant linear relationship was found between fig phenology and cumulative larval counts. The importance of the colonization preference of larval instars and the use of fig phenology as well as DD for timing of insecticide treatments are discussed.     

Wirkungen einesBacillus thuringiensis-Präparats und eines Juvenilhormon-Analogons über den Erdboden aufSpodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lep.,Noctuidae)

Summary Sensitivy of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) to soils treated with preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis and of a juvenil hormone analogue Various instar larvae ofSpodoptera littoralis were exposed to soil treated, with aBacillus thuringiensis-containing preparation (Bactospeine) and a juvenile hormone analogue (Ro 20–36 000).After treatment with Bactospeine, only high concentrations could affect emergence. Suppressed egg laying and sterility were the most marked effects. Also, the produced eggs were smaller in size.The juvenile hormone analogue showed high activity, particularly against freshly moulted 6th. instar larvae. Greater effects were elicited after ecposing the larvae to treated soil than to treated leaves for 48 hours. It appears to be fairly stable in soil. Its morphogenetic activity could be detected 60 days after application.     

Boring activity on coniferous tree branches byXylotrechus villioni (Villard) larvae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

In anAbies homolepis Sieb. et Zucc. forest at Matsumoto, Nagano Pref., cumulative damage byXylotrechus villioni (Villard) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) was observed on tree branches. Of the 14 major branches in one sample tree, six had cumulative damage by boring larvae, of which 3 had been bored by multiple larvae. No adult emergence holes were found on the whole tree, suggesting very low survivorship from boring larva to emerging adult. Galleries made by single larvae were often observed to be terminated by a depression apparently carved by a picid woodpecker, suggesting that they are important predators of the cerambycid. The manner of cicatrix formation with phloem tissue over the larval gallery in anAbies veitchii Lindl. branch at Mt. Fuji, Yamanashi Pref. is presented. Studies onXylotrechus villioni (Villard) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a primary borer of coniferous trees in Japan (III). This work was presented at the 104th Annual Meeting of Japanese Forestry Society at Morioka (April, 1993) and 20th International Congress of Entomology at Firenze (August, 1996). This work is supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No.02660163) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan.     

油茶织蛾生物学特性研究

Casmara patrona is one of the main borer pests damaging Camellia oleifera in China. Few reports about this insect were published. The life history, biological characteristics and natural enemies of C. patrona were investigated through field survey and laboratory observation in this study. The results showed that C. patrona had one generation in one year or two years, and overwintered as 3rd-5th instar larva in Zhejiang Province. About 88 percent of larvae began to pupate in early May, and the rest kept feeding till the next year. The adults could be observed from early June to early July, and the peak of emergence occurred in late June. The adults began to oviposit in late June and terminated in early July. The eggs started hatching in early July, and then the larvae bored into the branch to feed. The entrance holes of the larvae distributed predominately in the middle of the eastern and southern part of C. oleifera tree. The larva had five instars, and there were 10-50 days when the larva did not feed between consecutive instars.     

Population characteristics ofDendrolims superans in Daxing’an Mountains

Dendrolims superans produced one generation every two years. Large larvae and small larvae exist at the same time. It broke out in Daxiang an Mountains in 1990, and seriously destroyed growth ofLarix gmelini Rupr. In order to controlD superans, the population properties ofD superans were studied from 1991 to 1992, including sexratio, age distribution, pattern etc.. The sex ratio ofD. superans population is ♀∶♂ − 1.06:L. The larvae age distribution indicates that larvae over 5 instar is less than younger larvae under 4 instar in Yongqing forest farm, but the younger larvae under 4 instar is more than larvae over 5 instar in Hanjiayuanzi Forest Farm. The population ofD. superans in Yongqing Farm has been declining. and mereasing in Hanjiayuanzi. Pupae and eggs are mainly distributed in middle and lower crowns layer of trees respeetively account for 66% and 59.5% of total individuals. The pupae in higher crown layer is lightly regular distribution and clumping distribution middle and lower crowns layer of trees. The eggs in higher crown is light clumping distribution and random in middle and low crown of tree. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

Oviposition and larval performance of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on the Japanese cedar Cryptomeria japonica

To determine whether Monochamus alternatus can use the Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) as a host tree, experiments were conducted in a laboratory using three insect populations of different localities. Adult females chose Pinus densiflora bolts as oviposition substrate when supplied with cedar and pine bolts simultaneously, whereas some females from one locality oviposited on cedar bolts when supplied with them exclusively. Seventy-three percent of 40 eggs hatched in cedar bolts. When the first instar larvae were inoculated on cedar bolts, the development was stunted greatly and all died during the larval stage. Two of 20 larvae that were inoculated on cedar bolts at the third instar entered the diapause and one larva developed into an adult female, which produced viable eggs but was much smaller than those obtained from pine bolts. The results did not exclude the possibility that M. alternatus can use recently killed C. japonica trees as a host.     

Efficacy baselines of seven insecticides against larvae of Pandemis heparana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

A diet-incorporation larval bioassay was used to evaluate the response of the leafroller Pandemis heparana (Denis and Schiffermüller) to seven insecticides: tebufenozide (Mimic 23% a.i., Bayer), methoxyfenozide (Prodigy 23% a.i., Bayer), flufenoxuron (Cascade 50 DC 4.7% a.i., BASF), lufenuron (Match 5.32% a.i., Syngenta), indoxacarb (Steward WG 30% a.i., Du Pont), abamectine (Vertimec EC 1.9% a.i., Syngenta) and spinosad (Laser 44.2% a.i., Dow Agro Science). Both neonate and 12-day-old (third to fourth instar) larvae were used in the bioassay. The obtained efficacy baselines were compared with the response of the pest exposed to leaves treated with the same insecticides. The persistence of field-aged leaf residues of the seven insecticides was bioassayed on neonate larvae. Given the obtained LC₅₀ values in the diet-incorporation bioassays larval age was not always a significant factor affecting the response of P. heparana larvae. Differences in LC₅₀ values between neonate and 12-day-old larvae were not statistically significant for abamectine, tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide. Young larvae seemed to be more susceptible than older larvae to spinosad, indoxacarb and lufenuron, while flufenoxuron was more effective against 12-day-old than neonate larvae. When the larvae were exposed to the insecticides on treated leaves, all the tested compounds were less effective on older larvae than on neonates. When applied at the recommended field rates, all seven insecticides can be considered highly effective against both neonate and 12-day-old larvae of P. heparana because their security index (SI = recommended field rate/LC₉₀) always exceeded the threshold value of 1. The high persistence of insect growth inhibitors (IGIs) and moulting accelerating compounds (MACs) in the field compensates for their relatively low SI values. For this reason and given their activity against Cydia pomonella, IGIs and MACs are the most interesting insecticides for spring treatments for the combined control of both species, P. heparana and C. pomonella.     

舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒室内增殖的研究

试验研究了饲毒龄期、饲毒浓度对舞毒蛾存活、幼虫体质量、虫尸质量和含毒量的影响以及饲毒时间对舞毒蛾含毒量的影响.结果表明:饲毒龄期和饲毒浓度对幼虫存活率和体质量增长均有不同程度的影响,饲毒龄期越小、饲毒浓度越高,死亡时间越早,死亡率越高,体质量增长越缓慢;而且饲毒时龄期越小、饲毒浓度越高,虫尸质量也越小,其含毒量也越低.饲毒时间与含毒量成抛物线型,饲毒时间过短或过长,体内含毒量均较低.由于5龄幼虫饲毒后有78％以上个体发育至蛹期,不发生死亡现象,因此,室内增殖舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒时,应选取4龄初幼虫喂饲1.0×106 PIB·mL-1病毒为宜,接毒10d后开始收集饲毒幼虫.     

Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thaumetopoea pityocampa</Emphasis> (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Thaumatopoeidae) larvae in laboratory conditions

Pathogenicity of 13 strains of entomopathogenic fungi belonging to genera Paecilomyces, Tolypocladium, Beauveria, Metarhizium, and Lecanicillium (=Verticillium) was evaluated on fourth instar larvae of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Schiff.) (Lep.: Thaumatopoeidae). Larvae were treated individually by dipping into conidial suspension with the concentration of 1.0 × 10⁵ conidia ml⁻¹. All the tested isolates resulted in various levels of mortality (16–100%), and eleven of them were able to grow and sporulate on dead larvae. Mortality caused by three isolates of P. fumosoroseus, one isolate of Beauveria bassiana and one isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae were significantly higher than that of the other treatments. Three isolates of P. fumosoroseus, one isolate of P. farinosus, and one isolate of M. anisopliae showed mycelial growth and sporulation on significantly more cadavers compared to other treatments. Dose–mortality test was conducted with P. fumosoroseus (isolate no: 2679), which appeared to be the most promising isolate among the tested fungi, by spraying five concentrations of its conidia (1.0 × 10⁶, 1.5 × 10⁶, 7.5 × 10⁶, 1.0 × 10⁷ and 1.5 × 10⁷ conidia ml⁻¹). The estimation of the LC₅₀ (95% confidence limits) was 3.4 × 10⁶ (9.3 × 10⁵ − 6.9 × 10⁶) conidia ml⁻¹. This study showed that P. fumosoroseus (isolate no: 2679) could be a good candidate as a microbial control agent against T. pityocampa in forest environment.     

Effects of some materials extracted fromAjuga species on the larvae ofHyphantria cunea and its natural enemies

Six kinds of extracts drawn fromAjuga multiflora andA. multiflora var.brevispicata and A. multiflora var.serotina using methanol and acetone were used in this experiment to test their killing activity to the second instar larvae ofHyphantria cunea and their influence on its natural enemies. The average death rate caused by those extracts on the second instar larvae was 85.70%. The mortality rate caused by the extracts drawn with methanol was from 88.89% to 96.33%, which was significantly higher than that caused by acetone extracts. Those extracts were safe toTrichogramma dendrolimi, Coccinella septempunctata, the natural enemies ofH. cunea. We did not found any evidence shown that those extracts had any influence the emergence and the development ofT. dendrolimi. Those methanolic extracts gotten fromA. multiflora andA. multiflora var.brevispicata had no significant effects on the mortality of the larvae and adults ofC. septempunctata. Those extracts could be used in the control ofH. cunea safely. The research was sponsored by National Nature Science Fundation (39470586) (Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai)     

Development,life history characteristics and behaviour of mealybug predator, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spalgis epius</Emphasis> (Westwood) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Planococcus citri</Emphasis> (Risso) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)

The development of immature stages, life history and behaviour of mealybug predator, Spalgis epius (Westwood) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) reared on mealybugs, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) was studied in the laboratory. Larvae of S. epius are a potential predator of different species of mealybugs in India. The predator completed its life cycle in 23.8 days with four larval instars. Mean incubation period of egg was 3.9 days. Mean duration of development of larval stages, prepupa and pupa was 9.4, 0.9 and 9.5 days, respectively. The first and last instar larvae measured 1.9 and 11.4 mm in length, respectively. Length and width were not significantly correlated in larvae. Head capsule width was not significantly correlated with larval length in any instar. The female-to-male sex ratio was 1.45:1. Adults were ready for mating one day after eclosion. The pairs remained in copula on an average of 61.3 min. The gravid female contained 74.6 eggs in the ovaries. Unfed butterflies (both males and females) lived 3–4 days, significantly shorter than those with access to water (6–7 days). The results of this study will be useful to utilize the predator as a biocontrol agent.     

Some developmental differences inEpinotia granitalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) between two host tree species

To detect developmental differences inEpinotia granitalis in two host tree speciesCryptomeria japonica andChamaecyparis obtusa, the fourth or fifth instar larvae were collected daily from the two species located on the grounds of the National Forest Tree Breeding Center, from April 19 to May 9 in 1994 and April 18 to May 10 in 1995. Larvae ofE. granitalis collected fromC. obtusa had heavier body weight, developed to larger adults than those collected fromC. japonica, and mortality from the fourth or fifth instar larval stage to adults onC. obtusa was lower than that onC. japonica. All these facts suggest that larval performance onC. obtusa was higher than that onC. japonica.     

Composition and bioactivity of secretion from Stauronematus compressicornis (Fabricius)

We analyzed the composition and studied the bioactivity of secretion from the poplar sawfly, Stauronematus compressicornis (Fabricius). A leaf-sandwich method was applied to test the bioactivity of the secretion. Coomassie brilliant blue, gas chroma-tography (GC) and other methods were used to analyze and carry out protein assays, amino acid analyses, fatty acid and cholesterol detection of the secretion. Results show that the secretion had a significant antifeeding effect on 4th instar larvae of the armyworm (Pseudaletia separata Walker). Dissolved in 0.27 mol·L^–1 HCl, 0.1 mol·L^–1 NaOH and 0.05 mol·L^–1 Na₂HPO₄ separately, the secre-tions had antifeeding rates ranging from 22.7% to 49.6%. Meanwhile, the weights of the secretion-treated insects were significantly lower than those of the control. Biochemical detection showed that the proteins contained in the secretion were composed of 16 amino acids. The secretion also contained small amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids, which included lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, seventeen carbonic acids and oleic acid.     

沙棘绕实蝇的生物学习性

[目的]沙棘绕实蝇严重危害沙棘果实,使沙棘种植地蒙受巨大经济损失。研究其生物学习性,可以为有效监测和控制沙棘绕实蝇提供理论指导。[方法]通过室内人工饲养和野外观察,研究沙棘绕实蝇的羽化、交尾、产卵、化蛹等生物学习性和野外发生动态。[结果]沙棘绕实蝇成虫在野外从6月中旬至8月上旬均可见到,发生量受天气影响较大;成虫主要集中在6:00—10:00羽化,羽化量占当日羽化量的81.3%,羽化高峰出现在8:00—9:00;化蛹时间主要集中在凌晨0:00—6:00,尤其是3:00—6:00钻出果实化蛹的幼虫数量较多,与其它时间段有明显差异;交尾时间主要集中在白天光照比较强的时间段,一天当中有两次交尾高峰,分别出现在12:00—13:00和16:00—17:00,交尾平均持续时长为239±11.86 min;沙棘绕实蝇产卵期沙棘果长径6.65±0.28 mm,宽径5.47±0.40 mm,一果只产一卵。[结论]沙棘绕实蝇在内蒙古磴口地区一年发生一代,幼虫钻蛀果实,蛹隐藏在地下,成虫期较短,防治工作应集中在成虫期进行。     

A laboratory study on the activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Steinernema feltiae</Emphasis> (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) Rioja strain against horticultural insect pests

The potential of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) Rioja strain was assessed under laboratory conditions. Last instar larvae of Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleptera: Chrysomelidae), Spodoptera littoralis Boisdouval (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Trichoplusia ni Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were exposed to infective juveniles (IJs) under laboratory conditions. Larval mortality, days to larval death, infection cycle length, and reproductive potential were recorded. Efficacy was assessed performing dose–response experiments. The results indicate that control of L. decemlineata with S. feltiae Rioja strain is not economically profitable (LC₅₀ = 99.61 IJs/cm²), whereas results obtained for T. ni (LC₅₀ = 0.27 IJs/cm²) are promising. Due to the life cycle of this insect, the efficacy needs to be investigated in foliar application studies. The effects on S. littoralis (LC₅₀ = 0.69 IJs/cm²) was considered the most suitable for development of the Rioja strain as a biocontrol agent for soil application.     

松褐天牛肿腿蜂对松褐天牛低龄幼虫控制作用的研究

研究测定了松褐天牛肿腿蜂对松褐天牛1～3龄幼虫的控制作用,采用林间和室内罩网相结合的方法研究了2组松褐天牛肿腿蜂对松褐天牛幼虫的寄生情况.结果显示:在室内试验条件下,松褐天牛肿腿蜂产卵之前的刺蛰、补充营养取食能直接造成松褐天牛1～3龄幼虫死亡,对1、2及3龄幼虫的平均致死率分别为95.66％、85.91％、57.88％,并可产卵寄生2、3龄幼虫;林间释放2组松褐天牛肿腿蜂后,在刺蛰和补充营养取食后能有效寄生寄主的肿腿蜂雌蜂数量比例变化较大,有效肿腿蜂率最高为14.9％,最低为2.3％.松褐天牛肿腿蜂寄生行为不受寄主聚集程度的影响,但刚羽化出茧肿腿蜂雌蜂的寄生效率比经饲喂后的雌蜂高近5倍.从肿腿蜂单一个体来看,每头雌蜂补充营养取食和产卵寄生致死的松褐天牛幼虫数为2.1～7.7头.松褐天牛肿腿蜂雌蜂的补充营养习性及刺蛰、取食致死寄主行为在防治中有很重要的作用,表明该种肿腿蜂是防治松褐天牛的重要天敌,在生物防治松褐天牛幼龄幼虫上具有良好的应用前景.     

Insecticidal activity and antifeedant effect of a new type biocide GCSC-BtA against Plutella xylostella L. (Lep., Plutellidae)

Insecticidal activity and antifeedant effect of a new type biocide GCSC-BtA and its two reactants Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) crystal and Abamectin against third instar larvae of Plutella xylostella L. (Lep., Plutellidae) were investigated using bioassays. GCSC-BtA showed significantly higher toxicity to P. xylostella with LC₅₀ of 0.021 mg/ml than B.t. crystal with 0.060 mg/ml and Abamectin with 0.139 mg/ml in leaf-dip bioassay. Net leaf-dip test gave LC₅₀s of 0.073, 0.071 and 0.670 mg/ml for GCSC-BtA, B.t. crystal and Abamectin, respectively. The significant differences of the biocide toxicities between leaf-dip and net leaf-dip methods showed the potential of net leaf-dip method for separating ingestion and contact poisons. Variation in toxicity of the biocide and two reactants in net leaf-dip method and in mortality in topical application bioassay showed that GCSC-BtA possessed a combination of strong stomach as well as contact poison property higher than B.t. or Abamectin. GCSC-BtA indicated no fumigant and systemic toxicities, which the two reactants lacked. In the antifeedant bioassay, GCSC-BtA acted as a strong antifeedant to the larvae of P. xylostella. Leaf consumption by the larvae after GCSC-BtA treatment was 0.04–0.60 mm² with a concentration range of 0.04–4.00 mg/ml, which was lower than 0.26–1.02 and 0.04–6.47 mm² for B.t. crystal and Abamectin, respectively. DC₅₀ (concentration resulting in a deterrence index of 50%) value for GCSC-BtA was 0.089 mg/ml, which was also significantly lower than 0.275 and 0.736 mg/ml for B.t. crystal and Abamectin, respectively.