牛新孢子虫抗体Dot-ELISA检测方法的建立

新孢子虫病(Neosporiasis)是由犬新孢子虫(Neospra caninum)寄生于犬、牛、羊等多种哺乳动物细胞内而引起的一种原虫病[1-2].该病主要引起母畜的流产、死胎或新生胎儿的运动障碍和神经系统等症状,该病对牛的危害尤为严重,可垂直传播,带虫母牛可将虫体直接传给新生犊牛,已证实该病是造成养牛业严重经济损失的一个重要原因[3].     

胶体金免疫层析法与ELISA法对牛的新孢子虫血清抗体检测结果的比较

新孢子虫病(Neosporosis)是由犬新孢子虫(Neospora caninum)寄于宿主所引起的一种原虫病[1].牛、绵羊、山羊、马、鹿等均可作为中间宿主,终末宿主是犬[2].     

新肉孢子虫病的危害及防治

新孢子虫病是犬新孢子虫寄生于犬、牛、羊等多种动物细胞内的一种原虫病。该病可垂直传播,其对牛的危害尤为严重,主要造成孕畜流产、死胎以及新生犊牛的运动神经系统疾病。     

奶牛新孢子虫病的检测方法

新孢子虫病（Neosporiasis）是由犬新孢子虫寄生于犬、牛、羊等多种动物细胞内而引起的原虫病。虽然新孢子虫病是多种家畜共患的原虫病,但其对奶牛危害尤为严重。本病主要造成母牛流产、产死胎以及新生儿的运动神经系统疾病,同时该病可垂直传播,带虫母牛可将虫体直接传给新生犊牛。     

巴州部分地区牦牛黄牛新孢子虫病循环抗体检测

<正>新孢子虫病(Neosporiasis)是由犬新孢子虫(Neospora caninum)寄生在牛、羊、马、犬、鹿等多种宿主动物细胞内的一种原虫病。已知犬、郊狼、狐狸等是犬新孢子虫的终末宿主兼中间宿主;奶牛、黄牛、牦牛、马、羊、鹿等多种哺乳动物均是其中间宿主~([1])。新孢子虫病对牛的危害尤为严重,主要引起母畜流产、死胎和产弱胎、新生胎儿运动神经障     

2013年西藏和四川红原地区牦牛犬新孢子虫感染血清学调查

<正>新孢子虫病呈世界性分布,英国、美国、澳大利亚、新西兰、南非、韩国等30多个国家都有发生。在美国,42.5%的牛流产是由新孢子虫病引起的,英国12.5%的牛流产是由该病引起的,韩国19.5%的牛流产是由该病引起的。新孢子虫病给畜牧业造成较为严重的经济损失,严重危及到养殖业的发展。殷铭阳等(2014)将犬新孢子虫列为牦牛的主要寄生虫,     

河南省奶牛犬新孢子虫病流行病学调查

奶牛犬新孢子虫病是由孢子虫纲、真球虫目、新孢子虫属的犬新孢子虫引起的多种动物共患的一种原虫病,本病奶牛、肉牛均能感染,但对奶牛的危害严重,主要引起孕畜流产或死胎以及新生儿运动神经障碍等[1].目前有许多国家和地区报道有该病发生,我国一些省份和地区陆续有报道该病的发生和流行病学调查[2-8],为了解河南省奶牛犬新孢子虫病的感染情况,我们于2009年8～10月间对河南省5个地区27家奶牛场的468头奶牛进行了犬新孢子虫抗体检测,证实本省以上5个地区均有该病感染.     

郑州市奶牛场犬新孢子虫血清学调查

犬新孢子虫是一种细胞内专性寄生的原虫,由新孢子虫属犬新孢子虫引起的多种家畜的一种原虫病,主要感染牛和犬,引起牛的流产和新生儿的死亡,已成为畜牧业生产中主要问题,犬新孢子虫病是引起牛流产的主要原因[1],对奶牛的危害严重,是一种世界范围内分布的致病性原虫[2-4],目前欧洲、美洲和亚洲等30多个国家报道有奶牛犬新孢子虫病发生,我国一些省份如吉林、新疆和青海等也陆续     

河南省部分奶牛场新孢子虫血清抗体检测

<正>奶牛犬新孢子虫病是由孢子虫纲、真球虫目、新孢子虫属的犬新孢子虫引起的多种动物共患的一种原虫病[1],奶牛、肉牛均能感染,但对奶牛的危害严重,主要引起孕畜流产或死胎以及新生儿运动神经障碍等,目前欧洲、美洲和亚洲等30多个国家报道有奶牛犬新孢子虫病发生[2-3],给世界养牛业造成巨大的经济损失,我国一些省份如吉林、新疆和青海等也陆续有报道该病的发生,目前对该病没有更好的预防措施,主要在于平时预     

吉林省牛新孢子虫病流行病学调查

<正>新孢子虫病(Neosporiasis)是由犬新孢子虫(Neospora caninum)寄生于犬、牛、羊等多种动物细胞内而引起的一种原虫病。该病对牛的危害最为严重,能够感染各种奶牛、肉牛和黄牛,主要引起孕畜流产或死胎以及新生儿运动神经障碍等,从而造成经济价值降低和淘汰率升高。新孢子虫病呈世界性分布,美国、英国、澳大利亚、新西兰、日本等30多个国家都有发生,严重危害养牛业的健康发     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.